大学英语综合教程课件 unit5

1、Unit Five The Real Truth about Lies Randy FitzgeraldPre-reading Questions:放映lie to me 第一集 Can we survive without lying? Why or why not? Have you ever told a lie? Could you tell us a lie which you have told? On what occasion would people tell a white lie? Whats the function of a white lie What is the

2、 distinction between a white lie and a harmful lie? What are the possible effects of the so-called white lies? Is there any difference between white lies made by women and ones made by men? 志愿参军，作为志愿者（for） He volunteered for guard duty.他自告奋勇去站岗。 主动说出 He volunteered a statement to the police. “Its no

3、t my car, its my fathers,” she volunteered. volunteer v. 自愿去做，主动请求去做 We all volunteered to paint the house. A number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. The doctor who had volunteered to settle down in the poor village became the chief fable of the villager

4、s. n. 志愿者 We want some volunteers to help paint the house. a.由志愿者组成的，或志愿者做的 He said his brothers were all volunteer firefighters. In this summer he wants to be a volunteer tutoring.Words and ExpressionsProfess:声称；自称，伪称，妄称SYNONYM 同义词:allege, claim, make out, pretend, purport he had professed his love

5、 for her only to walk away without a backward glance. 他自称爱她，却也不回头看一眼就走掉 I dont profess to be an expert.我不敢妄称自己是个专家。 He professed himself amazed at the boys ability. 他承认自己对那男孩的能力感到吃惊。宣称信仰，表示忠于被接受入教 a people professing Christianity.宣称信仰基督教的民族。 She entered St Margarets Convent, and was professed in 194

6、3.她进了圣马格丽特修道院，并于1943年宣誓加修会。旧或幽默)以教授身份教（某科目）；传授 a professorwhat does he profess?. profess chemistryShatter:使）粉碎；砸碎 Bullets riddled the bar top, glasses shattered, bottles exploded.子弹把酒吧柜台打得满是窟窿，杯子粉碎，瓶子爆裂。 The window was shattered by a stone. 窗子被一块石头砸碎。破坏，毁坏（抽象物） The crisis will shatter their confiden

7、ce. 危机会动摇他们的信心。 shatter sb.s fond dream 打破某人的迷梦 an event that completely shattered her life 彻底毁了她一生的事情使心烦意乱，使震惊 Everyone was shattered by the news.听到这个消息，大家都十分震惊。 He found it a shattering experience. 他觉得那是一次令他极为震惊的经历。 We were shattered to hear of her sudden death. 听到她突然死亡的消息我们十分震惊。(非正式)使精疲力竭 I usual

8、ly feel too shattered to do more than crawl into bed. 我通常疲惫得只有力气爬上床睡觉。supportive支持的,拥护的;赞助的 We are totally supportive of this idea. 我们完全支持这个想法。 The staff are extremely supportive of each other. strongly supportive of the governments approach 强烈支持政府的措施Feign-feigned 假装,伪装 She knew that her efforts to

9、feign cheerfulness werent convincing.她明白自己强作欢颜是瞒不了谁的。She feigned nervousness.她故作紧张。冒充He feigned authorship of a novel.模仿,为了欺骗而模仿He is good at feigning his teachers voice.捏造She liked to feign an excuse.虚构The writer feigns many a myth.Spare Adj. 多余的 Few people had spare cash for inessentials. 暂时空闲的 a

10、spare seat. 瘦削的 spare, bearded figure. 简洁 Her clothes are smart and spare in style.Verb. 把（某人手头上充裕的东西）让给；借给 She asked if I could spare her a bob or two. 抽出时间 Im sure you can spare me a moment. 使不受伤害 There was no way the men would spare her. 使免遭；解除 The country had until now been spared the violence o

11、ccurring elsewhere.常用词组 spare someones blushes不以过分的话使某人难为情 spare no expense不惜任何代价 spare the rod and spoil the child孩子不打不成器 spare a thought for记得 spare a thought for our volunteer group at Christmas. 圣诞节别忘了我们的志愿者组织。 spare sb.s feelings不使某人难过难堪 She never spares the butter when baking. Please spare me

12、your opinions, just tell me the facts. He does not spare himself.他对自已要求很严。 He did the work to spare you the trouble.Deception, fraud, trickery, deceit deception指“任何形式的欺骗”,也指“一种行动, 它给人一错误的观念, 但并不一定有欺诈的目的” fraud指“精心策划, 以骗取某人的财物、权利等”, trickery 小骗术，花招，伎俩 deceit 谎言，欺诈行为, preoccupation使人全神贯注的事物；使人入神的事物 Th

13、eir main preoccupation was how to feed their families. He always takes his preoccupation with the educational cause. his growing preoccupation with death Prevarication-prevaricate-prevaricator speak or act in an evasive way 支吾，搪塞，推诿，含糊其辞 He seemed to prevaricate when journalists asked pointed questi

14、ons.institute n.学院，教育机构，特别是为了创收技术科目而设立的 He graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 组织，学会 He is the president of the cancer research institute. 学院所在的建筑 Some institutes of Wuhan University are very old. 讲习班，短训班 Now many children attend summer institute. 习惯用语 农业信用机关agricultural credit

15、 institute 航空学院aviation institute 函授学院correspondence institute 戏剧学院drama institute 工学院engineering institute 海运学院mercantile marine institute 矿业学院mining institute 石油学院petroleum institute 体育学院physical culture instituteinstitution 制度，习俗 He studied the institutions of marriage and the family. The economi

16、c institution of this country is very special. 与某一指定地方位置或作用有长期关系的人 That old man in the park is a regular institution. 机构，一个已成立的组织或基金，特别是指为教育，公共服务或文化的目的而设立的 We should develop greatly academic institution 收容所，养老院 I could never put my mother into an institution.ethics Accounting ethics会计道德 Business eth

17、ics商业道德 Economic ethics经济伦理 Legal ethics法的伦理学 Medical ethics医学伦理学，医德 Professional ethics职业道德 a. ethical 伦理的，合乎道德的Admit vt. 承认，确认是真实的 She admitted stealing the bicycle. I must admit its more difficult than I had thought it would be. John has admitted breaking the window. 准许入场 A ticket that admits the

18、 whole group He was admitted to hospital suffering from burns. 许可，允许行使的权利 He was admitted to the bar association. The rules and regulation admit of no other explanation. The cinema admits about 2000 people. Admit of容许有，有可能;容有的余地 Admit sb. to (into)接纳某人进入；吸收某人参加 Be admitted to bail准许保释 Be admitted to

19、 the bar取得律师资格 Admitting that虽说，即使Admit acknowledge confess Admit通常指因外界压力良心或判断而承认某事的存在或真实性。含“不情愿”之意 I admit that she is right. Acknowledge指“公开承认”，常用于过去隐瞒或否认之事 With so much evidence against him, he had to acknowledge his error. Confess着重承认自己的过错或罪恶，有忏悔坦白之意 He has confessed his crime.Specialize in 专攻，专

20、门研究 That doctor specializes in childrens illness. This travel firm specializes in charter flights.(包机业务)Spin: 使旋转 She got up and spun a little turn. The rear wheels spun violently. The figures were enough to make her head spin.杜撰 The explorer spun many fantastic tales about his adventures in the pri

21、meval forests. His grandmother spun him a yarn at the fire.常用词组 spin something out尽可能地拖长的时间,消磨，打发（时间） They seem keen to spin out the debate through their speeches and interventions. Shane and Mary played games to spin out the afternoon.fib-fibber(习惯撒小谎的人） 小谎,无关紧要的谎话 “I told a fib about my age, ” lit

22、tle Tom said. Why did you tell him such a dreadful fib?.Intense intensive a. Intense 强烈的 The intense sun of tropics is unendurable. Intensive强烈的 密集的 Many students dont like intensive training. 两个词意思上有相当程度的交叉。当用来描述人的感情或活动时， intense通常指由内在倾向而来的力量或专心，它特别适于用来描写感情状态。Invariably ad. 总是 It invariably rains w

23、hen I go there. Invariably I m behind you. Blurt 脱口说出，冲口说出 She wouldnt blurt out words she did not mean. It wasnt my idea, Gordon blurted. He blurted out the truth, that he committed the crime.Suspect doubt vt. Suspect 猜想为真 I suspect they are very disappointed. The police suspect her of murder. Doub

24、t对拿不准，对怀疑，不相信 A few people began to doubt some accepted doctrines. I doubt that theyll arrive on time. He doubts politicians when they make sweeping statements.(含糊不清的声明)Compliment n.恭维；赞美问候；（尤指通过信表示的）致意 She paid me an enormous compliment. my compliments on your cooking Carry my compliments to your k

25、insmen. Your presence is a great compliment. A sincere compliment boosts ones morale. 由衷的称赞可鼓舞一个人的精神。v.祝贺；恭维，赞美向赠送（某物）以示礼貌 He complimented Erika on her appearance. complimenting the other teams good play. Prince George expected to be complimented with a seat in the royal coach. 乔治王子期望在皇家马车中获得一个座位的礼遇

26、。常用词组 compliments of the season谨致节日的祝贺（用作圣诞、新年时的贺词） pay ones compliments问候，致意 with someones compliments 敬赠，免费赠送（用于表示所给之物系赠品） All drinks will be supplied with our compliments. 所有饮料将由我们免费供应。 A free sample is enclosed with the compliments of the manufacturer. 内附厂方敬赠的免费样品。complement 补足物，补足整体所需要的量或数字 The

27、se shelves are full of complement of books.(这些是装满补充) 补语 vt. Serve as a complement to Roses in a silver bowl complement the handsome cherry table.Lubricate-lubricant润滑剂-（用作）润滑的；减少磨擦的lubricated喝醉了的 vt.加油润滑 Gear must be properly lubricated (喻)使（进程）顺畅，促进 The availability of credit lubricated the channel

28、s of trade. 喻)灌酒；以酒为增兴 Men lubricated with alcohol speak their true feelings.tangle Verb 纠结 The broom somehow got tangled up in my long skirt. (非正式)和发生冲突，和发生纠纷 they usually come a cropper when they tangle with the heavy mobs. 他们和大群流氓打架的时候常常以惨败告终。 Noun 缠结 混乱的局面 a tangle of golden hair We employed a l

29、awyer to straighten our legal tangle. 我们雇了一位律师把法律纠纷理出头绪。 traffic tangles His mind was in a tangle.slippery （表面，物体）滑的；致使打滑的 slippery ice. Her hand was slippery with sweat. (人）油滑的，不老实的；靠不住的 Martins a slippery customer （词语，概念）含糊的；难以捉摸的 The word intended is a decidedly slippery one.slippery slope an ide

30、a or course of action which will lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous 会导致错误（或灾难）或会遭拒的）观点（或行为） he is on the slippery slope towards a life of crime. 他正在滑向罪恶人生。wear be in general wear (服装等)时髦的; 流行的; 时兴的 Better wear out than rust out. 与其锈掉不如用坏; 与其闲死, 不如忙死 wear and tear 耗损, 磨损; 折磨 wear aw

31、ay 磨损, (时间)消逝 wear down 磨损, 使衰弱, 疲惫不堪 wear off 磨损灭; 损耗; 逐渐消失 wear on (时间)慢慢过去 (以同样方式)继续下去 使恼火, 使烦躁不安。coarsen 使）变粗糙 Her hands were coarsened by outside work. His facial features appeared to coarsen with age. 使）变粗鲁；（使）变粗俗；（使）变讨厌 The voice coarsened.perception 感知能力；认识能力 the normal limits to human perce

32、ption. 感知，感觉；察觉 the perception of pain. 观念，认识；看法，印象 Hollywoods perception of the tastes of the American public we need to challenge many popular perceptions of old age. 我们需要质疑许多对老年人的普遍看法。warp 尤指因为热或潮湿）（使）弯曲；（使）变形 Wood has a tendency to warp. 使不正常；使有偏见 Your judgment has been warped by your obvious di

33、slike of him. Noun 变形；扭曲 the head of the racket had a curious warp. 喻)（性格）乖戾 （小说中或假想的空间旅行）靠扭曲时空实现的，穿越时空的 the craft possessed warp drive. 这艘飞船具有扭曲飞行的功能。Think highly/well/ little/poorly etc. of To have a good/bad opinion of someone or somethingCover up To prevent from being noticed or becoming publicl

34、y known He tried to cover up his nervousness. The newspapers printed the story before the government could cover it liferate-proliferative-proliferation 激增; (迅速)繁殖; 增生 Rabbits proliferate when they have plenty of food. The Mediterranean faces an ecological disaster if the seaweed continues to

35、proliferate at its present rate. 扩散 Influenza proliferated throughout the country.falter 开始减弱；开始失去势头 Her smile faltered and then faded. his faltering career 他渐入低谷的事业。 吞吞吐吐地说；声音颤抖地说 A-Adam? he faltered. 蹒跚，踉跄；行动畏缩 He faltered and finally stopped in midstride.At all costs Whatever the cost We must avo

36、id war at all costs.tooth fairy a fairy said to leave a gift, esp. a coin, under a childs pillow in exchange for a baby tooth that has fallen out and been put under the pillow.Set up建立, 创立, 竖立Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here.很多外国公司已在这里开办工厂。A monument was set up as a memorial to the

37、 dead soldiers.为阵亡将士立了一个纪念碑。准备; 安排Will you set up the drinks while I look after the party food?你准备饮料, 我来料理宴会食品好吗?All the arrangements have been set up for the newspapermen to meet the Queen.新闻记者谒见女王的所有安排已经就绪。引起, 产生The crowd set up a shout as the winner neared the post.优胜者接近终点时, 人群中发出一片喊叫声。undermine

38、在某物下挖洞或挖通道; 侵蚀的基础 Rivers undermine their banks. The house is unsafe since the foundations were undermined by floods. 暗中破坏; 逐渐削弱 Many severe colds undermined the old mans health. The Presidents enemies are spreading rumours to undermine his authority.rule of thumb a broadly accurate guide or principl

39、e, based on experience or practice rather than theory 经验法则，凭经验或实践得来的法则confound 尤指因不符合期望而）使惊讶；使困惑，使糊涂，使不知所措 The inflation figure confounded economic analysts. 证明（理论，期望，预言）错误；驳倒 The rise in prices confounded expectations. 击败，挫败（计划，目标，希望） We will confound these tactics by the pressure groups.Text B Ben

40、efit: for the benefit of 为了.的好处 give sb. the benefit of ones experience 用自己的经验知识帮助某人 reap the benefit of sth.因某事得到好处dilemma be in a dilemma 左右为难 be on the horns of a dilemma 左右为难 place sb. in a dilemma 使某人处于进退两难的境地 put sb. in a dilemma使人左右为难; 使人进退两难 put sb. into a dilemma 使人左右为难; 使人进退两难dwarf 民间传说或神话

41、中一般善于开矿、金属加工与人相似的）侏儒 an abnormally small person 矮子，侏儒 使相比之下显得矮小，使相形见绌 The buildings surround and dwarf All Saints church. 阻碍的生长（或发育） the dwarfed but solid branch of a tree. 生长受阻但却结实的树枝。shelter n. 遮蔽; 保护 We took shelter from the rain in a cave. 避难所; 庇护所 Trees are a shelter from the sun. an air-raid s

42、helter vt. 掩蔽; 庇护, 保护 He sheltered himself behind a hedge. 借住宿 shelter sb. for the night The hut sheltered him from the cold wind. be a shelter from fly to sb. for shelter逃进某人家避难 give shelter to lend the shelter of ones name and position to sb.利用自己的名誉地位庇护某人 Under the shelter of Shelter oneself behin

43、d 躲在背后deny 否认 Both firms deny any responsibility for the tragedy. 拒绝把给予 The inquiry was denied access to intelligence sources. She can deny her son nothing. 她对儿子是百依百顺(要什么就给什么)。precept 规诫，戒律；箴言moral precepts. the legal precept of being innocent until proven guilty. “被证明有罪之前作无罪推定”这一法律规定。 Children lear

44、n far more by example than by precept. Example is better than precept.身教胜于言教身教胜于言教。 Example is the best precept. -Aesop 榜样是最好的缄言。榜样是最好的缄言。-伊索。伊索。transcend 尤指概念范围、分类等抽象方面）超出，超越 This was an issue transcending party politics. Such matters transcend human understanding.Prescribe Prescribe priskraib P5,L

45、3 V V 命令；指示；规定命令；指示；规定 syn. Stipulatesyn. Stipulate i.e What punishment does the law prescribe for corruption? 法律规定对贪污行贿该处以什么刑罚？法律规定对贪污行贿该处以什么刑罚？ 限制，限定限制，限定 The criminal was prescribed to one poor solitary place.罪犯被限制在一个贫穷冷落的地方罪犯被限制在一个贫穷冷落的地方。Transitional Page 开（处方）；开药；嘱咐开（处方）；开药；嘱咐( (疗法疗法) )： Can y

46、ou prescribe a painkiller? Can you prescribe for the pain in my back?n prescriptionprescription 处方，药方；计划，建议，秘诀处方，药方；计划，建议，秘诀*Prescription drugs / medication(s) 处方药处方药 *Antibiotics ( (抗生素抗生素) )are only available by/on prescription. *a prescription for happiness 增进幸福的秘诀增进幸福的秘诀adj adj prescriptive pres

47、criptive * *规定的；指示的；命令的；规范的规定的；指示的；命令的；规范的 The stylistic analyses made in this volume are thus basically descriptive rather than prescriptive. 因此，本书进行的文体分析基本上是描述因此，本书进行的文体分析基本上是描述性的，而非规定性的。性的，而非规定性的。 (made legal or acceptable because they have (made legal or acceptable because they have existed for

48、a long time )existed for a long time )约定俗成的，相沿成约定俗成的，相沿成习的习的 Prescriptive powers Prescriptive powers Innumerable P5,L3Innumerable (countless)numerical 数字的，用数字表示的数值的数字的，用数字表示的数值的 numerous 众多的，许多的众多的，许多的Tips: Sing. . 为数众多的，大的为数众多的，大的The city has a numerous library.该市有一个藏书很多的图书馆。该市有一个藏书很多的图书馆。Pl. 许多的许多

49、的There are numerous libraries in the city. warrant Noun 逮捕证；搜查证；授权令 Magistrates issued a warrant for his arrest. Well issue you with a travel warrant. 正当理由；依据 There is no warrant for this assumption. Verb 证明（某个行动过程）正当（或必要） There is not enough new evidence to warrant a reference to the Court of Appea

50、l. 正式确认；保证 The vendor warrants the accuracy of the report. I will warrant him an honest and reliable fellow. sign ones own death warrant 自寻死路, 自我毁灭; 自找失败 swear out a warrant 发出逮捕证bestow 授予（荣誉，权利），赠与（礼物） The office was bestowed on him by the monarch of this realm. I do not deserve all the praises bes

51、towed upon me. Many books were bestowed on her.render 使成为；使得 The rains rendered his escape impossible. The shock of the discovery rendered him speechless. 报答; 归还; 给予 呈递; 提供; 开出 She needed him to hear her out and render advice. You will have to render an account of your expenditure. We are going to r

52、ender them economic assistance. 演出; 扮演; 演奏 The piano concerto was wonderfully rendered. 翻译 The sentence cannot be literally rendered.befall (诗/文)（尤指不幸的事）发生在（某人）身上，降临于 A tragedy befell his daughter. She was to blame for anything that befell. We shall never leave you, whatever befalls.In the course of

53、 在期间, 在过程中 Duff called me in the course of our conversation. 在我们谈话时, 达夫打电话给我。 In the course of the experiments, they came across a series of new problems. 在试验过程中他们碰到一系列新问题。P9L2 credibility credibility n (u ) /kredblti/ the quality that somebody/something has that makes people believe or trust them 可

54、信性；可靠性 to gain/lack/lose credibility 获取缺乏失去信任 The prosecution did its best to undermine the credibility of the witness. 原告竭力削弱证人的可信性。 Newspapers were talking of a credibility gap between what he said and what he did. 各家报纸都在议论他言行不一。 undercut 低于（对手）价格出售（商品，服务） These industries have been undercut by mo

55、re efficient foreign producers. (喻)削弱；暗中破坏 The chairman denied his authority was being undercut.P9L3 Scrupulous scrupulous adj /skrupjls/ meticulous careful about paying attention to every detail 仔细的；细致的；一丝不苟的 You must be scrupulous about hygiene when youre preparing a babys feed. 给婴儿准备食物时，对卫生丝毫马虎不得

56、。 scrupulous attention to detail 体察入微 careful to be honest and do what is right (in sth/in doing sth)审慎正直的；恪守道德规范的 She had a reputation for scrupulous honesty. 她有审慎正直的名声。 spiral （物价、工资等后浪推前浪式的）恶性螺旋形上升（或下跌） an inflationary spiral. （因特定情况的持续加剧或减弱所引起的）恶化过程，恶变 this spiral of deprivation and environmenta

57、l degradation.P10L1 press for to make strong efforts to persuade or force somebody to do something 催促；敦促；逼迫 sb (for sth) sb (into sth/into doing sth) If pressed, he will admit that he knew about the affair. Press for : to keep asking for something 不断要求 They continued to press for a change in the law. 他们不断要求修改这项法律。 length at some length 相当详尽地 cannot see beyond the length of ones nose 鼠目寸光 draw out t