综合教程 新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材 教师PPTBook 3 Unit 6

1、How to Write a Rotten Poem with Almost No EffortRichard HoweyPoetry appreciationspring goeth all in whiteRobert Bridges spring goeth all in white,crowned with milk-white may;in fleecy flocks of light,oer heaven the white clouds stray;white butterflies in the air;white daisies prank the ground;the ch

2、erry and hoary pear,scatter their snow around. 春之女神着素装春之女神着素装罗伯特罗伯特布里季布里季春之女神着素装春之女神着素装山楂花冠乳白光；山楂花冠乳白光；天上分明一群羊，天上分明一群羊，白云朵朵自来往；白云朵朵自来往；粉蝶空中时蹁跹；粉蝶空中时蹁跹；廷命菊花饰郊原；廷命菊花饰郊原；樱桃梨树共争艳，樱桃梨树共争艳，四处非花如雪片四处非花如雪片。 Poetry appreciation She Walks in Beauty Byron She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes

3、 and starry skies; And all thats best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellowd to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. 她走在美的光彩中 拜伦 她走在美的光彩中，象夜晚 皎洁无云而且繁星漫天； 明与暗的最美妙的色泽 在她的仪容和秋波里呈现： 耀目的白天只嫌光太强， 它比那光亮柔和而幽暗。 Poetry appreciationOne shade the more, one ray the less,

4、Had half impaird the nameless graceWhich waves in every raven tress,Or softly lightens oer her face; Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling-place. And on that cheek, and oer that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent, The smiles that win, the tints that glow,But tell

5、of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is innocent! 增加或减少一份明与暗 就会损害这难言的美。美波动在她乌黑的发上，或者散布淡淡的光辉在那脸庞，恬静的思绪指明它的来处纯洁而珍贵。呵，那额际，那鲜艳的面颊，如此温和,平静,而又脉脉含情，那迷人的微笑，那容颜的光彩，都在说明一个善良的生命：她的头脑安于世间的一切，她的心充溢着真纯的爱情！ Famous English poems and poets 惠特曼草叶集 泰戈尔飞鸟集 维吉尔 贺拉斯 奥德赛 济慈 Structu

6、ral analysisPart 1: (1-3): introduction of the whole essay. The problem with poetry and the significance of its solution.Part 2: (4-9): the body of the essay How people can create a poem of their own.Part 3: (10-12): ending of the essay The author reiterates his intention and makes it clear that he

7、is just joking by presenting such a method of creating a poem.History of English PoetryI.The Anglo-Norman periodII.The renaissance in EnglandIII.The restoration and 18th centuryIV. The romantic movementV.High Victorian poetryVI. The 20th century( modernism) History of English PoetryWith the Norman c

8、onquest of England, beginning in 1111 the Anglo-Saxon language rapidly diminished as a written literary language. The new aristocracy spoke French, and this became the standard language of courts, parliament, and polite society. As the invaders integrated, their language and literature mingled with

9、that of the natives: the French dialect of the upper classes became Anglo-Norman, and Anglo-Saxon underwent a gradual transition into Middle English.While Anglo-Norman or Latin was preferred for high culture, English literature by no means died out, and a number of important works illustrate the dev

10、elopment of the language. Around the turn of the 13th century, Layamon wrote his Brut, based on Waces 12th century Anglo-Norman epic of the same name; Layamons language is recognisably Middle English, though his prosody shows a strong Anglo-Saxon influence remaining. Other transitional works were pr

11、eserved as popular entertainment, including a variety of romances and lyrics. With time, the English language regained prestige, and in 1362 it replaced French and Latin in Parliament and courts of law. History of English PoetryThe Renaissance was slow in coming to England, with the generally accept

12、ed start date being around 1509. It is also generally accepted that the English Renaissance extended until the Restoration in 1660. However, a number of factors had prepared the way for the introduction of the new learning long before this start date. A number of medieval poets had, as already noted

13、, shown an interest in the ideas of Aristotle and the writings of European Renaissance precursors such as Dante.Three other factors in the establishment of the English Renaissance were the Reformation, Counter Reformation, and the opening of the era of English naval power and overseas exploration an

14、d expansion. The establishment of the Church of England in 1535 accelerated the process of questioning the Catholic world-view that had previously dominated intellectual and artistic life. At the same time, long-distance sea voyages helped provide the stimulus and information that underpinned a new

15、understanding of the nature of the universe which resulted in the theories of Nicolaus Copernicus and Johannes Kepler. History of English PoetryIt is perhaps ironic that Paradise Lost, a story of fallen pride, was the first major poem to appear in England after the Restoration. The court of Charles

16、II had, in its years in France, learned a worldliness and sophistication that marked it as distinctively different from the monarchies that preceded the Republic. Even if Charles had wanted to reassert the divine right of kingship, the Protestantism and taste for power of the intervening years would

17、 have rendered it impossible. It is hardly surprising that the world of fashion and scepticism that emerged encouraged the art of satire. All the major poets of the period, Samuel Butler, John Dryden, Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson, and the Irish poet Jonathan Swift, wrote satirical verse. What i

18、s perhaps more surprising is that their satire was often written in defence of public order and the established church and government. However, writers such as Pope used their gift for satire to create scathing works responding to their detractors or to criticise what they saw as social atrocities p

19、erpetrated by the government. Popes The Dunciad is a satirical slaying of two of his literary adversaries (Lewis Theobald, and Colley Cibber in a later version), expressing the view that British society was falling apart morally, culturally, and intellectually. The 18th century is sometimes called t

20、he Augustan age, and contemporary admiration for the classical world extended to the poetry of the time. Not only did the poets aim for a polished high style in emulation of the Roman ideal, they also translated and imitated Greek and Latin verse resulting in measured rationalised elegant verse. Dry

21、den translated all the known works of Virgil, and Pope produced versions of the two Homeric epics. Horace and Juvenal were also widely translated and imitated, Horace most famously by John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester and Juvenal by Samuel Johnsons Vanity of Human Wishes.History of English PoetryThe la

22、st quarter of the 18th century was a time of social and political turbulence, with revolutions in the United States, France, Ireland and elsewhere. In Great Britain, movement for social change and a more inclusive sharing of power was also growing. This was the backdrop against which the Romantic mo

23、vement in English poetry emerged.The main poets of this movement were William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Byron, and John Keats. In poetry, the Romantic movement emphasised the creative expression of the individual and the need to find and formulate

24、 new forms of expression. The Romantics, with the partial exception of Byron, rejected the poetic ideals of the 18th century, and each of them returned to Milton for inspiration, though each drew something different from Milton. They also put a good deal of stress on their own originality. History o

25、f English PoetryTo the Romantics, the moment of creation was the most important in poetic expression and could not be repeated once it passed. Because of this new emphasis, poems that were not complete were nonetheless included in a poets body of work (such as Coleridges Kubla Khan and Christabel).A

26、dditionally, the Romantic movement marked a shift in the use of language. Attempting to express the language of the common man, Wordsworth and his fellow Romantic poets focused on employing poetic language for a wider audience, countering the mimetic, tightly constrained Neo-Classic poems (although

27、its important to note that the poet wrote first and foremost for his/her own creative, expression). In Shelleys Defense of Poetry, he contends that poets are the creators of language and that the poets job is to refresh language for their society.The Romantics were not the only poets of note at this

28、 time. In the work of John Clare the late Augustan voice is blended with a peasants first-hand knowledge to produce arguably some of the finest nature poetry in the English language. Another contemporary poet who does not fit into the Romantic group was Walter Savage Landor. Landor was a classicist

29、whose poetry forms a link between the Augustans and Robert Browning, who much admired it. rotten The Victorian era was a period of great political change, social and economic change. The Empire recovered from the loss of the American colonies and entered a period of rapid expansion. This expansion,

30、combined with increasing industrialisation and mechanisation, led to a prolonged period of economic growth. The Reform Act 1832 was the beginning of a process that would eventually lead to universal suffrage.viaAmong the foremost avant-garde writers were the American-born poets Gertrude Stein, T. S.

31、 Eliot, H.D. and Ezra Pound, each of whom spent an important part of their writing lives in England, France and Italy.Pounds involvement with the Imagists marked the beginning of a revolution in the way poetry was written. English poets involved with this group included D. H. Lawrence, Richard Aldin

32、gton, T. E. Hulme, F. S. Flint, Ford Madox Ford, Allen Upward and John Cournos. Eliot, particularly after the publication of The Waste Land, became a major figure and influence on other English poets.In addition to these poets, other English modernists began to emerge. These included the London-Wels

33、h poet and painter David Jones, whose first book, In Parenthesis, was one of the very few experimental poems to come out of World War I, the Scot Hugh MacDiarmid, Mina Loy and Basil Bunting.rottenuAdj: decayed; gone bad腐败的，变质的uInfml nasty, unpleasant, or unsatisfactory糟糕的，讨厌的糟糕的司机多糟糕的天气.pFeel rotten

34、: to feel ill or unhappy今天早上我感觉有些不舒服，我吃下的东西肯定有问题。I feel rotten this morning; it must have been something I ate.pOne rotten apple spoils the barrel What rotten weather A rotten driver Spare the rod, spoil the child.aromaunoun: a strong usually a pleasant smell芳香，香气，香味热咖啡的香味The aroma of hot coffeeunou

35、n: a noticeable feeling or quality connected with a place or situation气氛，氛围这个地方笼罩着一种神秘的气氛。An aroma of mystery hung about the place.cuddleuverb: to hold someone or something or each other lovingly and closely in the arms 拥抱，搂抱小女孩搂抱着她的爱犬。The little girl cuddled her pet dog.约翰和苏珊在电梯里搂搂抱抱。John and Susan

36、 were cuddling in the elevator. The baby likes to cuddle her Teddy Bear all the time. cuddly adj.适宜搂抱的elevateuverb: (fml) to make finer, higher, or more educated使高尚，使提高，使更有文化修养uTo raise to a higher rank or position晋升职位或提拔他讲话中的高尚情操深受听众的赞赏。His elevated sentiments were much admired by the audience.他被晋升

37、为上尉。He was elevated to the rank of captain.高架铁路 elevated railwayElevated railway Elevate Elevatorepicunoun: 史诗，叙事诗uA book, film (usually long enough) that has some of the qualities of an epic史诗般的作品 奥德赛是古希腊的史诗。 The Odyssey is an epic of ancient Greece. 好莱坞制作的有关罗马帝国的史诗般的影片 A Hollywood epic about the R

38、oman Empireuadj: (appre) of stories ,events, full of brave action and excitement, like an epic英雄的，壮丽的，史诗般的 有关他们勇敢穿越沙漠的报告 An account of their epic journey across the desert epic 叙事诗 lyric 抒情诗evolveuverb: evolve from: to develop gradually by a long continuous process （使）逐步发展，（使）逐渐演变 有些人认为我们是从类人猿逐渐演变过来

39、的。 Some people believe that we evolved from apes. 英国的政体经过数百年的发展。 The British political system has evolved over several centuries.uEvolution: n: 进化 查尔斯达尔文在1859年首次出版的物种起源一书中提出了进化论。 The theory of evolution was developed by Charles Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species, which was first printed in

40、1859. evolve evolution evolutionaryimponderablesuNoun: (usu plural) something whose effects are imponderable无法估量的事物uImponderable: adj: (fml) of which the importance cannot be measured or calculated exactly无法估计的，无法估量的 imponderablemediocreuadj: neither very good nor very bad, but usually not good enou

41、gh平凡的，平庸的，不够好的一个平庸的故事A mediocre storymediocrity n.uBy means of; using通过，借助于，用prosaicuadj: dull and uninteresting乏味的，沉闷的乏味的工作/演讲A prosaic job/ speechuLacking feeling and imagination缺乏想象力的，平庸的，刻板的 他这个人太古板，想不起来给我送花的。He is too prosaic to think of sending me flowers. Prosaic life A squaliduadj: very dirt

42、y and unpleasant, especially as a result of lack of care or lack of money(因缺钱或无人管理而造成的)污秽的，不洁的，肮脏的污秽肮脏的贫民区uHaving or concerning lower moral standard卑鄙的，低贱的，下流的涉及色情和暴力的下流故事A squalid story of sex and violenceSqualid slumsveritableuadj: fml (used to give force to an expression) that may truly be descri

43、bed as or compared to the stated thing; real （用于加强语气)确实的，名副其实的谢谢你那顿美餐，真是一次名副其实的盛宴。Thank you for that lovely meal; it was a veritable feast.conjure upuconjure: verb: to cause to appear as if by magic 如同用魔术变出uConjure sth up：to bring into the mind or cause to be remembered; evoke 使人想象出，使人回忆起琼能像变戏法似的在半个

44、小时内做出一顿可口的饭菜。Joan can conjure up a good meal in half an hour这个地方使人回忆起许多生动的往事。This place conjures up vivid memories.viauprep: traveling or sent through a place on the way渠道，经由，经过uBy means of; using通过，借助于，用我们乘飞机经由巴黎去雅典。We flew to Athens via Paris妹妹给她带去一封信。I sent a message to Mary via her sister.uViabl

45、e: adj: able to succeed in operation; feasible可望成功的，切实可行的这个计划从经济效益上来看是不可行的。The scheme is not economically viable.Phrases to learnA rotten dayLove affairFor all timeOrganize the emotionsPound in ones veins不顺心的一天情事永远整理思绪在血管中跳动middle grounduAn area of compromise or possible agreement between tow extrem

46、e positions 中立，中间立场在争论中每个人都必须有自己的立场，没有中立派。In the argument everyone has to take sides; there is no middle ground.Phrases to learnSong lyricsEqual toFour-line poemAt will Works of epic length歌词相当于四行诗随心所欲史诗篇幅的作品Phrases to learnA problem with sthWhats worseForeign art formAs a resultMiddle groundThere i

47、s (no) market forSeek out 关于sth的问题更糟糕的是，不相干的艺术形式结果是中立观点，立场对某事有/无市场需求 找出来Phrases to learnA solution forPoem of whatever qualityFeel Comradeship withFellow poetsElevate the quality of lifeFor a changeMake a living解决办法任何水准的诗歌同某人志同道合诗人伙伴提升生活质量转变一下谋生optionaluadj: which may be freely chosen or not chosen可

48、选择的，非强制的选修课必修课收音机是可买可不买的额外配件。The car radio is an optional extra.Optional subjectsCompulsory coursesoverdoneuoverdouTo do, decorate, perform etc to much把某事做得过火，对某事进行过分装饰，夸张表演这部电影中爱情场面的戏有点过火了。The love scene in the film is a bit overdone.不要放太多的盐。Dont overdo the salt.the rule of thumbuA practical method

49、 of doing or measuring sth usually based on past experience rather than the exact measurement经验工作法Phrases to learnThe rule of thumbOut of contextProfound imageFiling cabinet经验法则断章取义的深刻的形象文件柜as peruPrep: according to 按照uAs per usual：(especially of something that one disapproves of) 照常，照旧这项工作已经按照您的指示做

50、了。The work has been done as per your instructions他照旧迟到。He was late, as per usual.rhythmuRhyme：noun:压韵诗，顺口溜；压韵词，同韵词；押韵uVerb: rhyme (with)Fold and cold are rhymes.Shakespeare sometimes wrote in rhymes. Rhythm: noun: 韵律，节奏和律动心跳的节奏The rhythm of the heartbeats激动的节拍The exciting rhythmPhrases toHuman sense

51、s In a conflicting mannerConjure upPoetic feeling/ atmosphereEndless possibilitiesSth come to mind人的感官以矛盾的方式激发，唤起诗情画意无限的可能头脑想到的break upu To cause to become separated into smaller pieces打碎、拆散、碎开 船触礁裂开了。 The ship broke up on the rocks.u To come or bring to an end, especially by separating 结束、解散、驱散 会议没有达成任何协议就结束了。 The conference broke up without any agreement.u To stop being together; separate or go in different directions分离、断绝关系、散开 如果john和