精益六西格玛项目需要回答的十个问题及常用工具

1、How To Compose Your LSS project Materials Whats 6 sigma?6西格玛是一只卓越管理的指南针 6西格玛是一把衡量流程能力的尺子6西格玛是一整套改善流程的工具 6个西格玛3.4失误/百万机会意味着卓越的管理，强大的竞争力和忠诚的客户 5个西格玛230失误/百万机会优秀的管理、很强的竞争力和比较忠诚的客户 4个西格玛6,210失误/百万机会意味着较好的管理和运营能力，满意的客户 3个西格玛66,800失误/百万机会意味着平平常常的管理，缺乏竞争力 2个西格玛308,000失误/百万机会意味着企业资源每天都有三分之一的浪费 1个西格玛690,000失

2、误/百万机会每天有三分之二的事情做错的企业无法生存 Two kinds of LSS projectDMAIC&DMADV DMAIC-从有到优DMADV-从无到有4Q1：What is the business Problem? ( Background, Business impact, Problem definition) DMAICSDefine5Q1. What is the business Problem? ( Background, Problem definition, Business impact)Q2. What is the Problem Scope? (

3、 Relevant processes & stakeholders requirements)Q4. What are the Baseline and Objectives?Q5. What are Critical Barriers in biz process? (Which would effect objective achievement)Q10. What are the final Achievements?(Achievements, Process Doc., Mgt. system, Sharing.)Q9. Whats detailed action Plan

4、, Milestones ?Q8. What are Risks in your solution? (Resource, Influence on balance target, capacity.)Q7. What are our solutions and the Best Option? (To eliminate/reduce barrier) Q6. What are Root Causes for each critical barrier? (Sort by priority)Q3. What are Metrics? (To measure the success of pr

5、oblem solving)DMAIC/SQ10i-Way of Improving PerformancenQ1 often completed with Champion/Area Managers to determine the best projectsAligned with Lenovos StrategyCompleted with available resourcesScoped to complete in 2-6 monthsnDeliverables of Q1:Approved LSS GB Project ChartProblem Statement:nBackg

6、roundnProblem definitionnBusiness impactDMAICS6Q1: What is the business Problem? Background: Justifies why this is an important issue to work The relationship between this problem and organizational strategies or key business issues The relationship between this problem and customer satisfactionProb

7、lem Definition: This is the statement of your problem, you should clarify: lWhats the problem?lWhere does the problem happen?lHow serious is the problem?lThe gap between the problem and the customers expectation or target.Q10i-Way of Improving Performance-Q1DMAICS7Q1: What is the business Problem? B

8、usiness impact : Evaluate the potential impact on the business List ALL benefits even if no dollar value is attached Hard Benefits Soft BenefitsDMAICSQ10i-Way of Improving Performance-Q18Page 8 of 106Measuring Business ImpactHard BenefitsActual reduction on current cost structureDirect effect in P&a

9、mp;L or Balance sheetMeasurable against actual results or booked forecastOvertime reductionSupplier Cost ReductionTesting Cost ReductionOne Time Inventory ReductionBusiness Value Cycle Time reduction Complexity Reduction Customer Satisfaction Improvement Serviceability Improvement Sales Increases Pr

10、oductivity Increases Inventory Reduction Reduction in Planned IncreasesWhere you can quantify real financial impact, measure it!Everything else is Business Value.DMAICS9Q2：What is the Problem Scope? ( Relevant biz processes and stakeholders requirements in each step of process) DMAICSDefine10Q10i-Wa

11、y of Improving PerformanceDMAICSQ1. What is the business Problem? ( Background, Problem definition, Business impact)Q2. What is the Problem Scope? ( Relevant processes & stakeholders requirements)Q4. What are the Baseline and Objectives?Q5. What are Critical Barriers in biz process? (Which would

12、 effect objective achievement)Q10. What are the final Achievements?(Achievements, Process Doc., Mgt. system, Sharing.)Q9. Whats detailed action Plan, Milestones ?Q8. What are Risks in your solution? (Resource, Influence on balance target, capacity.)Q7. What are our solutions and the Best Option? (To

13、 eliminate/reduce barrier) Q6. What are Root Causes for each critical barrier? (Sort by priority)Q3. What are Metrics? (To measure the success of problem solving)DMAIC/SnDeliverables of Q2:Problem Scope:nScope of the problem (start and ending points of the process)nProducts involvednDepartments invo

14、lvedStakeholder Analysis:nIdentify StakeholdernCommunication PlanVoice of Customer:nIdentify Key CustomernCollect Customers VoicenConcepts Introduced:SIPOCStakeholder Analysis Voice of Customer11Q2: What is the Problem Scope? Problem Scope: Process scope of the problem (start point and ending point)

15、 Products involved Departments involvedStakeholder Analysis： Minimize the resistance to change when the improvement is implementedlIdentify the stakeholders early onlDevelop a communication plan for each of themVoice of Customer: Who is your Customer Ask Customer some questions and Collect Customers

16、 VoiceQ10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ2DMAICS12SIPOCSSuppliersIInputsPProcessOOutputsCCustomersWho provides the things you need to perform the process?What do you need to perform the process?Plus, what requirements does your process have for the inputs?Determine the starting point of your process.

17、Determine the stopping point of your process.What do you get out of the process?Plus, what requirements does your customer have for these outputs?Who receives these things from the process?SIPOCRequirementsRequirements SuppliersInputsOutputs CustomersProcessDMAICSInput BoundaryOutput BoundaryTools c

18、an be used at define phaseVOC客户调查CTQ树状图SWOT分析气泡图KANO分析标杆对比柏拉图亲和图头脑风暴法SIPOC14Q3：What are Metrics? (To measure the success of problem solving)MeasureDMAICS15Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ1. What is the business Problem? ( Background, Problem definition, Business impact)Q2. What is the Problem Scop

19、e? ( Relevant processes & stakeholders requirements)Q4. What are the Baseline and Objectives?Q5. What are Critical Barriers in biz process? (Which would effect objective achievement)Q10. What are the final Achievements?(Achievements, Process Doc., Mgt. system, Sharing.)Q9. Whats detailed action

20、Plan, Milestones ?Q8. What are Risks in your solution? (Resource, Influence on balance target, capacity.)Q7. What are our solutions and the Best Option? (To eliminate/reduce barrier) Q6. What are Root Causes for each critical barrier? (Sort by priority)Q3. What are Metrics? (To measure the success o

21、f problem solving)DMAIC/SnDeliverables of Q3:primary metricssecondary metricsoperational definitionnMetric Formula ExplanationnConcepts Introduced:operational definitionDMAICS16Q3: What are Metrics to measure the success of business problem solving? What is your metric? How will project success be m

22、easured？Generally, the metrics are consistent with KPI, or detailed based on KPI. Project can have primary and secondary metrics. Primary Metrics are the main focus of the project Secondary (Balancing) Metrics are those things we need to pay attention to while fixing the Primary MetricsMetrics opera

23、tional definition : Well understood or clearly defined Metric Formula ExplanationQ10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ3DMAICS17Q4：What are the Baseline and Objectives?DMAICSMeasure18Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ1. What is the business Problem? ( Background, Problem definition, Business impact)Q2.

24、What is the Problem Scope? ( Relevant processes & stakeholders requirements)Q4. What are the Baseline and Objectives?Q5. What are Critical Barriers in biz process? (Which would effect objective achievement)Q10. What are the final Achievements?(Achievements, Process Doc., Mgt. system, Sharing.)Q9

25、. Whats detailed action Plan, Milestones ?Q8. What are Risks in your solution? (Resource, Influence on balance target, capacity.)Q7. What are our solutions and the Best Option? (To eliminate/reduce barrier) Q6. What are Root Causes for each critical barrier? (Sort by priority)Q3. What are Metrics? (

26、To measure the success of problem solving)DMAIC/SnDeliverables of Q4:Data Collection PlanBaseline of Primary Metric establishedState the goal for the project metricValidated Financial BenefitsnConcepts Introduced:Data Collection PlanPerformance AnalysisnRun ChartnHistogramSMART GoalDMAICS19Q4: What

27、are the Baseline and Objectives?Establish the data collection plan, and acquire the data from the processEstablish the baseline performance of your process State the goal for the project metric at the end of the project Ex: Decrease M3 cycle time from 240min to 120 min Reduce number of logic PCNs by

28、 70%Recalculate the Financial Benefits based on the validated Baseline and goal Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ4DMAICSTools can be used at Measure phaseQFD鱼骨图FMEA测量系统分析过程能力分析运行图分层图直方图水平对比法抽样计划21Q5：What are Critical Barriers in biz process? (Which would effect objective achievement)DMAICSAnalyze22

29、Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ1. What is the business Problem? ( Background, Problem definition, Business impact)Q2. What is the Problem Scope? ( Relevant processes & stakeholders requirements)Q4. What are the Baseline and Objectives?Q5. What are Critical Barriers in biz process? (Which woul

30、d effect objective achievement)Q10. What are the final Achievements?(Achievements, Process Doc., Mgt. system, Sharing.)Q9. Whats detailed action Plan, Milestones ?Q8. What are Risks in your solution? (Resource, Influence on balance target, capacity.)Q7. What are our solutions and the Best Option? (T

31、o eliminate/reduce barrier) Q6. What are Root Causes for each critical barrier? (Sort by priority)Q3. What are Metrics? (To measure the success of problem solving)DMAIC/SnDeliverables of Q5:Identify the vital few problemsIdentify the time traps that block the smoothly flow of the value streamnConcep

32、ts Introduced:Pareto ChartProcess Mapping VA/NVA Analysis3M8 WastesValue Stream MappingDMAICS23Q5: What are Critical Barriers in biz process which would effect objective achievement? Identify the vital few problem Stratify the problems, and identify the vital few problems by 80/20 principlesIdentify

33、 the time traps that block the smoothly flow of the value stream Analyze the actual running status of the process Find waste in the system and identify key areas for continuous improvement (Kaizen) opportunities.Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ5DMAICS24Q6：What are Root Causes for each critical bar

34、rier? (Sort by priority)DMAICSAnalyze25Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ1. What is the business Problem? ( Background, Problem definition, Business impact)Q2. What is the Problem Scope? ( Relevant processes & stakeholders requirements)Q4. What are the Baseline and Objectives?Q5. What are Critic

35、al Barriers in biz process? (Which would effect objective achievement)Q10. What are the final Achievements?(Achievements, Process Doc., Mgt. system, Sharing.)Q9. Whats detailed action Plan, Milestones ?Q8. What are Risks in your solution? (Rsource, Influence on balance target, capacity.)Q7. What are

36、 our solutions and the Best Option? (To eliminate/reduce barrier) Q6. What are Root Causes for each critical barrier? (Sort by priority)Q3. What are Metrics? (To measure the success of problem solving)DMAIC/SnDeliverables of Q6:List the root cause(s) Document any appropriate explanations of each roo

37、t causenConcepts Introduced:BrainstormingCause & Effects Diagram （Fishbone）Cause & Effects Matrix 5 WhysOther Lean MethodsDMAICS26Q6: What are Root Causes for each critical barrier?List the root cause(s) that drive your issueDocument any appropriate explanations of each root cause Investigat

38、e if fixing the root causes youve identified will achieve your improvement goal for your metric Did you fix enough of your problem?Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ6DMAICSTools can be used at Analysis phase数据收集价值流图抽样散点图假设检验非参数检验鱼骨图箱线图回归分析方差分析5 Why28Q7：What are our solutions and the Best Option? (To

39、 eliminate/reduce barrier) DMAICSImprove29Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ1. What is the business Problem? ( Background, Problem definition, Business impact)Q2. What is the Problem Scope? ( Relevant processes & stakeholders requirements)Q4. What are the Baseline and Objectives?Q5. What are Cri

40、tical Barriers in biz process? (Which would effect objective achievement)Q10. What are the final Achievements?(Achievements, Process Doc., Mgt. system, Sharing.)Q9. Whats detailed action Plan, Milestones ?Q8. What are Risks in your solution? (Resource, Influence on balance target, capacity.)Q7. What

41、 are our solutions and the Best Option? (To eliminate/reduce barrier) Q6. What are Root Causes for each critical barrier? (Sort by priority)Q3. What are Metrics? (To measure the success of problem solving)DMAIC/SnDeliverables of Q7:Identification and Prioritization of Improvement actionsnConcepts In

42、troduced:BrainstormingCriteria MatrixDMAICS30Q7: What are our solutions and the Best Option? Generate the possible solutions or construct the new process for the root cause(s)Keep Error Proofing in MindOptimize and select the solutionsKey Considerations: Timing Cost Resources Difficulty to Implement

43、Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ7DMAICS31Q8：What are Risks in your solution? (Resource, Influence on balance target, capacity.)DMAICSImprove32Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ1. What is the business Problem? ( Background, Problem definition, Business impact)Q2. What is the Problem Scope? ( Releva

44、nt processes & stakeholders requirements)Q4. What are the Baseline and Objectives?Q5. What are Critical Barriers in biz process? (Which would effect objective achievement)Q10. What are the final Achievements?(Achievements, Process Doc., Mgt. system, Sharing.)Q9. Whats detailed action Plan, Miles

45、tones ?Q8. What are Risks in your solution? (Resource, Influence on balance target, capacity.)Q7. What are our solutions and the Best Option? (To eliminate/reduce barrier) Q6. What are Root Causes for each critical barrier? (Sort by priority)Q3. What are Metrics? (To measure the success of problem s

46、olving)DMAIC/SnDeliverables of Q8:Identify and assess the risksTake actions to mitigate the effect of the high risksnConcepts Introduced:Risk AssessmentDMAICS33Q8: What are Risks in your solution? Identify the possible risks of each solution, and assess them Despite your best efforts, no project wil

47、l ever be flawless and no process will ever be perfect But we can be well prepared by doing a thorough job of assessing risk Risk assessments are the “glass is half empty” view of the worldPrepare for project or process risks through a combination of prevention, mitigation, and robust recovery plans

48、 Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ8DMAICSTools can be used at Improve phase试验设计田口方法FMEA过程仿真过程能力分析35Q9：What is detailed action Plan, Milestones ?DMAICSImprove36Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ1. What is the business Problem? ( Background, Problem definition, Business impact)Q2. What is the Problem

49、 Scope? ( Relevant processes & stakeholders requirements)Q4. What are the Baseline and Objectives?Q5. What are Critical Barriers in biz process? (Which would effect objective achievement)Q10. What are the final Achievements?(Achievements, Process Doc., Mgt. system, Sharing.)Q9. Whats detailed ac

50、tion Plan, Milestones ?Q8. What are Risks in your solution? (Resource, Influence on balance target, capacity.)Q7. What are our solutions and the Best Option? (To eliminate/reduce barrier) Q6. What are Root Causes for each critical barrier? (Sort by priority)Q3. What are Metrics? (To measure the succ

51、ess of problem solving)DMAIC/SnDeliverables of Q9:Operational Action Plan：nAction Item nperson who is responsible for completingnDue. DatenStatusMilestones ManagenDetermine the milestones and relevant time pointsnDefine the requirements of each milestone, and check the progress according to the requ

52、irementsnConcepts Introduced:Action PlanDMAICS37Q9: What is detailed action Plan, Milestones ?Establish and implement an effective action plan Action items that should be completed for implementing the solutions Define the responsible party for each action item Define the expected due dates Track th

53、e progress of the implementation plan, and communicate in a timely mannerMilestones Manage Determine the milestones and relevant time points according to the action plan Determine the requirements of each milestone Determine the participants for each milestone review As a general guideline, conduct

54、one progress review in each and every milestone of the project, and assess the risks of the project.Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ9DMAICS38Q10：What are the final Achievements?(Achievements, Process Doc., Mgt. system, Sharing.)DMAICSControl/Share39Q10i-Way of Improving PerformanceQ1. What is the

55、business Problem? ( Background, Problem definition, Business impact)Q2. What is the Problem Scope? ( Relevant processes & stakeholders requirements)Q4. What are the Baseline and Objectives?Q5. What are Critical Barriers in biz process? (Which would effect objective achievement)Q10. What are the

56、final Achievements?(Achievements, Process Doc., Mgt. system, Sharing.)Q9. Whats detailed action Plan, Milestones ?Q8. What are Risks in your solution? (Resource, Influence on balance target, capacity.)Q7. What are our solutions and the Best Option? (To eliminate/reduce barrier) Q6. What are Root Causes for each critical barrier? (Sort by priority