专转本英语语法总复习

1、 语法总复习 时态时态：时态：一般现在时：一般现在时：在宾语从句中，尽管主句用过去时，在宾语从句中，尽管主句用过去时，但如果宾语从句所述内容是客观真理，但如果宾语从句所述内容是客观真理，从句谓语动词仍用一般现在时。从句谓语动词仍用一般现在时。如：如：The teacher told her pupils that the sun rises in the east.1.be going to + 动词原形：含有打算、计划、动词原形：含有打算、计划、准备将做某事的意思，或表示很有可能要发准备将做某事的意思，或表示很有可能要发生的事。生的事。 2.若表示已安排或计划好的将来动作或存若表示已安排或计

2、划好的将来动作或存在状态，可用一般现在时代替一般将来在状态，可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，其谓语动词常为时，其谓语动词常为be, come, go, arrive, leave, start等。等。一般将来时中：一般将来时中： 3.表示按计划即将发生的动作，可用现在表示按计划即将发生的动作，可用现在进行时代替将来时。此用法多与表示位移的进行时代替将来时。此用法多与表示位移的动词动词come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start等连用。等连用。如：如：He is leaving for London. 4.be to + 动词原形和动词原形和be about to + 动

3、词原动词原形也表示将来。前者指形也表示将来。前者指“安排好的事安排好的事”，后，后者指者指“即将发生的事即将发生的事”。如：。如：The children are to learn English next week.现在进行时：现在进行时：表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作（尽管此时此刻该动作并不进行）。如：（尽管此时此刻该动作并不进行）。如：- What is he doing this week?- He is translating a novel. 现在进行时常与副词现在进行时常与副词always, constantly连用，表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含

4、有连用，表示反复出现或习惯性动作，含有说话者的赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。说话者的赞扬、不满、讨厌、遗憾等情绪。如：如：Youre always making the same mistake.Shes constantly changing her mind. 用进行时可以表示过程。如：用进行时可以表示过程。如：Its getting cold.The leaves on the trees are turning brown.现在完成时现在完成时have been 和和have gone 的区别：的区别：have / has been 用来表示以往的经历，译为“来（到）过”，常与频度状语

5、once, ever等连用。如：Have you ever been there? 你曾去过那里吗？（不能用has come）They have been to Beijing twice. 他们去过北京两次。（不能用have gone）have / has gone表示“走了”、“到去了” 如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。（他可能在途中，也可能已到上海，但不在这里。）过去完成时：可以表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，常与hope, intend, mean, expect, think, want, suppose等动词连用。如：I had hoped

6、to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being seen, but that morning the room was quiet and orderly. 原希望在那一阵阵喧闹声中趁人不注意偷偷溜到自己的座位上，可是那天早上，教室里却是那么安静而又有序。 l l 注：在含有由注：在含有由after, before等引导等引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于这类词本的状语从句的复合句中，由于这类词本身的意义能够明确表示时间的先后关系，身的意义能够明确表示时间的先后关系，因此谓语动词常用因此谓语动词常用一般过去时代替完成一般过去时代

7、替完成时时。如：。如：After he finished his homework, he went to bed.将来完成时：将来完成时： 由由shall / will have + 动词的过去分词构动词的过去分词构成成 疑问式：将疑问式：将shall / will移至主语之前移至主语之前 否定式：否定式：shall / will not (shant / wont) have + 动词的过去分词动词的过去分词代表性的时间状语：代表性的时间状语：by the end of +将来时间的词将来时间的词by+ 将来时间的词将来时间的词用法：用法： 表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作。 We sh

8、all have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。 表示推测，相当于must have done结构。 You will have heard of this, I guess. 我想你已经听说过这件事了。 I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了这个信息 .表示某种状态一直持续到说话人所提及的时间 we will have been married a year on June 25th . 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了 语态1 有些动

9、词，如 need, require, want, worth, deserve等，后面接动名词的主动式表示被动的含义。 e.g. The radio needs repairing. The book is worth reading. The house is to let.(出租) You are to blame.(该受责备)2、一些不及物动词/短语没有被动语态，如rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie; take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。 e.g. Hi

10、s job consists of helping old people who live alone. When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 从句名词性从句的注意事况 1、what与that 的区别：that 连词在从句中不作成分连词在从句中不作成分,不含有疑不含有疑问意义问意义,只起语法连接作用只起语法连接作用; 而而 what 连连词在从句中作成分词在从句中作成分,且含有疑问意义且含有疑问意义.(作作主语主语,宾语或表语）宾语或表语） That he stole a bike was true

11、. 他偷了一部自行车是真的The important thing is what you do , but not what you say .重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。 2、whether 和和 if 的区别是的区别是:介词后只能用介词后只能用whether。 He is worried about whether he can get the job.动词不定式前只能用动词不定式前只能用 whether。 I cant decide whether to stay. Whetheror not固定结构中只能用固定结构中只能用whether。 She wants to know whe

12、ther he is here or not.宾语从句放句首表示强调时只能用宾语从句放句首表示强调时只能用Whether。 Whether he loves me or not, I dont care.3、疑问词、疑问词+ever与与 no matter+疑问词的区别疑问词的区别是是:疑问词疑问词+ever 比比 单独用疑问词引导从句单独用疑问词引导从句语气要强语气要强.如：如：Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 定语从句中 as 引导的定语从句 当先行词前出现 such , as ,the same时。 Yo

13、u are just the same as you were when I first met you. 非限制性定语从句： As is reported; As you can see; As you know, but= that not There is no one but knows it. 此事无人不知. There has not been a scholar but was a man of industry. 凡是有学问的人都是勤奋的 There is no man but errs. 凡是人都会犯错误. There no man but thanked him. B) 先

14、行词是如下情况时，关系代词应该用先行词是如下情况时，关系代词应该用that,不不用用which。 不定代词不定代词：all, much, everything, something, nothing等。等。 All that I said was for your good. I never take anything that doesnt belong to me. 序数词序数词： This is the first time that Ive been in China. 被被first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no 及形容词最高级等修饰及形

15、容词最高级等修饰。 She is the prettiest girl that Ive ever seen. 先行词是表示人和物的两个并列名词词先行词是表示人和物的两个并列名词词组组： We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools that we had visited there. 状语从句：状语从句： 由由as soon as引导时，表示主句动作发生在从引导时，表示主句动作发生在从句动作的一瞬间之后（注意：句动作的一瞬间之后（注意：the moment，the instant，the second，the minute都可都可做

16、连词用，意思是做连词用，意思是as soon as。）。） The moment I saw him, I knew that he was angry with me. 我一见到他，就知道他在生我的气。 原因状语从句 由由because, as, since, for或复合连接词或复合连接词now that，since , in that等引导。等引导。 because因为；因为；表直接原因表直接原因，回答，回答why的的提问；一般放主句之后，也可单独存在：提问；一般放主句之后，也可单独存在： We stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨我们呆在家里。因

17、为下雨我们呆在家里。as由于，鉴于；由于，鉴于；主从并重主从并重，从句说明原因，从句说明原因，主句说明结果；为常用词：主句说明结果；为常用词： As it was late, I made haste to go. 由于晚了，我赶紧走了。由于晚了，我赶紧走了。 for因为，由于；表明附加或推断的理由，引导的分句前常有逗号，for分句不放句首： He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，因为他今天缺席了。 since既然，因为。侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。 Since you ask, I will tell you. 你既然问，我就告

18、诉你。结果状语从句结果状语从句 由由sothat, suchthat等引导。等引导。 (1)“soadj./adv.that”， “soadj.(a/an) n.that”； (2)“such(a/an)(adj.)n.that”。 1.so只能修饰单数可数名词，这个时候可以与such 互换。 so clever a boy = such a clever boy 2.如果修饰可数名词的复数，或不可数名词，就要用such. such clever boys (不能说so clever boys) such nice weather!(不能说so nice weather) 3. 但如果碰到ma

19、ny, much, few, little这四个词，就必须用so. so many students so much money so few students so little money 特殊的让步状语从句 Adj.+as +sb/sth+is/was, 也可以用来表示让步。 Young as she is, she performs very well in the competition.比较状语从句比较状语从句 由由than, the morethe more, asas引导。引导。 As A is to B, so C is to D. As water is to fish,

20、so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 非谓语动词： 动词不定式和分词作状语的区别 1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随) They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的) 2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。 R

21、eading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因) Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间) Reading carefully，youll learn something new只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件) 非谓语动词中的有关句型 （1）动名词作主语的句型 1）Doing.+ v. Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 2) It is + no

22、 use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.) +doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。 It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 It is a great fun playing football打篮球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain 设法解释是浪费时间。 3)It is + useless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容词)+ doing sth It i

23、s useless speaking.光说没用。 It is nice seeing you again 真高兴又遇到了你。 It is good Playing chess after supper 晚饭后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car 开这种小车是浪费。 独立主格结构的形式 1名词/主格代词+现在分词名词名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系。 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didnt know what to say. 姑娘

24、两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间如果时间允许的话，我们明天去郊游。允许的话，我们明天去郊游。 2 名词/主格代词+过去分词 名词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系。系。如： The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 He

25、r glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了，她看不见黑板上的字。 3 名词/主格代词+不定式 名词名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作。且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如： He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to

26、 each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。 4 名词/主格代词+形容词 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。 So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。 5 名词/主格代词+副词 He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。

27、The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 6 名词/主格代词+介词短语 The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。 7 There being +名词（代词） There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。 There being no f

28、urther business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。 8 It being +名词（代词） It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。 虚拟语气知识点归纳 1. 虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用1) if 从句 主句 过去 had done would (should, could, might)+

29、have done 现在 did/were would (should, could, might)+动原 将来 did, were to, should+v., 同上 2) 虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可把if省略,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用倒装结构, 这种结构主要用于书面语中. 如: Were it necessary, I might resign. Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract. Should I have time, I would

30、 call on her. Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Summer Palace. 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but that ” “ except for和“supposing ” “otherwise等表示含蓄的虚拟： But for your help,I would have failed. Without the money,I would not be alive n

31、ow. Supposing there were no gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. She would leave her husband except for children. 3）含蓄虚拟条件句）含蓄虚拟条件句 2. 宾语/主语从句中的虚拟语气1).wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿

32、望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如语动词退后一个时态。例如: 与与现在现在事实相反事实相反 : wish + (that)+did(were) I wish I were as healthy as you.I wish that I had a plane.与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 : wish + (that)+had doneI wish I had been to the concert last night.I wish you had written to him.与与将来将来事实相反事实相反 : wish + wou

33、ld/could/might+doI wish he would forgive me. 3. as if /as though 后有时用虚拟语气 1) 从句所设想的时间与主句动作同时发生,从句动词用过去时(be用were) It looks as if she were sick.He looks as though he knew the girl.2) 从句所设想的时间动作先于主句谓语发生,从句动词用had+过去分词. 如:I feel as if we had known each other for yearsHe talks about pyramids as though he

34、had seen them himself 4. would rather, had better, would prefer后的句子的虚拟语气1) 接动词原形, 指现在或将来的时间, 表示主语的主观愿望和选择I would rather do it today.You had better not go dancing tonight. 2) 接不定式的完成式, 表示过去的某种不恰当的选择. 如:I would rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip. 3) 接从句, 用一般过去时, 表示现在或将来的愿望;用过去完成时,

35、表示过去的愿望.如:I would rather you paid the money yourself.I would rather she had not done that.5 It is (high, about, low) time that一般过去时一般过去时should + 动词原形动词原形此处的此处的should一般不省略一般不省略注意注意:It is the first time that从句从句 现在完成时现在完成时It was the first time that从句从句 过去完成时过去完成时if only过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时 对过去虚拟对过去虚拟

36、对现在虚拟对现在虚拟could + 完成时完成时6 if only 从句从句if only 若是若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊; 真希望真希望.; 只要只要.就好就好 If only Marx were still by my side to see this with his own eyes. If only she could have lived a little longer. If only she had lived a little longer. 3. If only he had arrived in time.would /could/might +动词原形动词原形对将来虚拟

37、对将来虚拟7 用在用在lest(惟恐惟恐,免得免得), for fear that(以免以免,为防止为防止起见起见)和和in case引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动动词原形或动词原形。词原形或动词原形。1. She closed the windows lest she catch cold.2. He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.3. She put her coat over the child for fear that he should catch cold.4. He

38、res some money in case you should need it.lest /for fear that/in case+ 句子句子(should +动词原形动词原形) 倒装句1、在以、在以so, nor, neither 开头的句子里。开头的句子里。 (也是也是; 也不是）也不是）A fish can swim and so can I.I get up at seven and so does my brother.He didnt do it and neither did I.He didnt smoke, nor did he drink.）如果后一个句子只是单纯的

39、重复前面）如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面句子的意思，则不倒装句子的意思，则不倒装.（确实是）确实是） -It is hot today. -So it is. -He finished it on time. -So he did.注意：注意：）如按照别人的意思做了什么事，）如按照别人的意思做了什么事，soso也不也不用倒装用倒装(某人照办了）某人照办了）The teacher asked me to read louder , and I did so. never, hardly, scarcely 几乎不，仅仅，决不几乎不，仅仅，决不 seldom, little, barely 仅够

40、，几乎没有仅够，几乎没有 rarely 不常，很少不常，很少 nowhere无处，到处都无无处，到处都无 by no means 决不决不 in no case,at no time 决不决不 not untilhardly (scarcely)when, no sooner.than(一一.就就)2. 在否定或半否定词放在否定或半否定词放句首句首表示强调时，表示强调时， 部分倒装部分倒装。Never before have I met him.Hardly did I think it possible.Not a single paper did the scholar write the

41、 whole term（条款，条件）（条款，条件）.Seldom did the boy read newspaper.Little do I dream of seeing such wonderful scenery（风景，景色）（风景，景色）.Not until mom came back did she know the truth.Hardly had he entered the house when it began to rain.No sooner had they entered the house than it began to rain.3.Neither.nor连接

42、的连接的都要倒装；都要倒装； not onlybut also连接的两个句子时，连接的两个句子时， not only后面的句子要倒装后面的句子要倒装, but also不倒装不倒装1)Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.2)Not only shall we learn from books, but also we should learn from practice.4. only位于句首位于句首,修饰副词、介词短语修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时或状语从句时,要用要用部分倒装部分倒装。 注意注意: only修饰状语从句时修饰状语从

43、句时,主句中倒装主句中倒装,从从句中不倒装句中不倒装; only修饰的不是状语时修饰的不是状语时,则不用倒装则不用倒装语序。语序。 Only the teachers can come in. only +Prep. phrase时时间间副副词词When-clause+助助动动词词+主主语语+谓谓语语Only yesterday did he leavefor Tokyo.Only when he came back could we know the results.他只有昨天动身去东京。他只有昨天动身去东京。只有当他回来时我们才能知道结果。只有当他回来时我们才能知道结果。主句主句从句从句O

44、nly in this way can we work out the math problem.只有用这种方式我们才能算出这道数学题。只有用这种方式我们才能算出这道数学题。5 当当as / though引导让步状语从句时引导让步状语从句时,可出现可出现 “名词名词 / 形容词形容词 / 副词副词 / 分词分词 + as + 主语主语 + 动动词词”或或 “动词动词 + as + 主语主语 + 助动词助动词的倒装形式。的倒装形式。 当表语是名词时当表语是名词时,名词前不加任何冠词。名词前不加任何冠词。 Tired as he was, he continued to work.情态动词的正确使

45、用 1 must 的主要用法 must 可以表示义务和推测，当它表示推测时，其否定形式为cantcan not, 而must not, mustnt 表示“一定不要，不允许”。 2 need and dare 的主要用法 need 和dare 既可以与主语颠倒构成疑问句，在后面加not构成否定句，也可以像实意词一样用助动词构成疑问句和否定句。在疑问句和否定句中，dare 和need 常作情态动词。 Nobody tell the old man that his son died in the war. A dares B dare C dare to D doesnt dare B 3 情态

46、动词与动词的完成形式搭配 1）must have done 表示对过去事件的推测，用于肯定句中。否定句和疑问句中需用cant have done. You her in her office last Friday; shes been out of town for two weeks. A neednt have seen B must have seen C might have seen D cant have seenD 2) shouldought to +have done表示过去应该发生而事实上没有发生的事情，意为“本应该”。它的否定形式为should not ought no

47、t to+ have done, 意为“本不该”，表示对过去不该发生而发生的事情的责备或惊讶。 The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He have driven so fast. A cant B wouldnt C shouldnt D mustntC 3) mightcould + have done 表示谈论过去的某种可能性，可能发生而没有发生，意为“本来可以本来能够”。 Some women a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided no

48、t to work for the sake of the family. A must take B should have made C would make D could have madeD 4) may have done 表示过去某种可能性，而这种可能性现在还存在，意为“或许已经”。 Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we during the day. A should have done B would have done C may hav

49、e done D must have doneC 5) neednt have done 表示做了不必做的事情，意为“其实不必，没有必要”，有时候可以用didnt have to do来表达。 It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you it. A mustnt have done B wouldnt have done C mightnt have done D didnt have to D 6) would+ have done 表示本来可以做的事情，通常用于虚拟语气。 The millions of calculation

50、s involved, had they been done by hand, all practical value by the time they were finished. A had lost B would lose C would have lost D should have lostC 主谓一致1. more than one/many a + 单数名词作主语，单数名词作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数。意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数。( (形单意形单意复复) )More than one student has tried.Many a student and tea

51、cher is watching the football match.Many a man has died in the war.2 2 由由andand连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数，但由语动词用复数，但由andand连接的并列成分但指的是连接的并列成分但指的是同一同一概念概念或或一个人的双重身份一个人的双重身份时谓语动词为单数。时谓语动词为单数。 e.g. The worker and the writer are from Beijing. ( (那位工人和那位作家那位工人和那位作家) ) e.g. The worke

52、r and writer is from Beijing. ( (那个工人兼作家那个工人兼作家) )常见的表同一概念的有：常见的表同一概念的有： the needle and thread 针线针线the folk and knife 刀叉刀叉 3.3. e.g. Not only he but also I (be) invited. e.g. I or his brothers (be) to blame.e.g. Neither I nor he (be) to attend the meeting.e.g. Not only the students but also their te

53、acher (be) enjoying the film.amwereisis4.4.当当 there be/ here be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语动词单、复数应与最邻近的主语保持一致。谓语动词单、复数应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 e.g. There （be） a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. e.g. There （are） twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. e.g. Here （is） a letter

54、 and a book for you. e.g. There (are) three chairs, two tables and a bike in the house.isareisare主语后跟主语后跟结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。 e.g. The teacher with a number of students ( be) in the classroom.e.g. Tom, as much as you, （be）responsible for the loss. e.g. He more than you （be） anx

55、ious to go there.iswasis6.“6.“one of复数名词定语从句复数名词定语从句”结构，如果结构，如果one前面前面没有限定词，这个句型中的没有限定词，这个句型中的“复数名词复数名词”是先行词，定语是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果从句的谓语动词用复数；如果one前面有前面有the，the only, the right等限定词修饰，则等限定词修饰，则one是先行词，定语从句的谓是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。语动词用单数。e.g. John is the only one of the students who (have) the keys.e.g. Jo

56、hn is one of the students who （have ）the keys.hashave形容词、副词 几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如： a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, the mans first tow interesting little red French oil paintings 表示一方随另一

57、方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。如： The harder he works, the happier he feels. 不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如： The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优

58、于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。 He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry. 最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。如： This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest. How much did

59、 the second most expensive hat cost? 形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如： He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very) The film is most interesting. (most=very) 表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。如： who is the older of the tow boys?反义疑问句 1当陈述部分的主语是I , everyone, everything, nobody 时，后面的疑问句应表示为： I am a student,

60、arent I ? Everyone is in the classroom, arent they? (基本不用单数） Nobody will go, will they? 2.think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等等动词后接动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时，视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。 (1.)当主句的主语为第一人称第一人称时，其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如： I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose y