小升初英语主谓一致,反意疑问句,祈使句,感叹句,一般疑问特殊.

1、主谓一致1语法一致原则：指主语長单数形式.谓语动词用单数形式.主语是复数形式, 谓语也用复数形式.Tom(is / are) a good student.汤姆是个好学生They often(plays / play) football on the playground.他f经常在操场上足球.2意义一致jfiWJ：主语形式上为单数.但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式：或主诒形式上为复数，但衣不单数JK5G这是谓沿动诃用单数形式My family(is/are) having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭.TWenty dollars(is / are) too expensi

2、ve for the book这本书20簧元太贵了.3就近一致扳則*指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式.取决于最靠近它的 主语.例如Not only the teacher but also his students(like /likes) playingfootball.不仅老师喜欢躍足球.而且他的学生也喜欢妙足球.There(is / are) a pen and some books on the desk课桌上有一支钥笔和一些书二、主谓一致常考题型单数名词(代词).不可数名词作主语时.谓语用策数形式：复数名词(代词) 作主语，谓语用复数形式The desk(is / are) Tom

3、 s.这张桌子是汤姆的.Some water (is / are) in the bottle一些水在瓶子里The students(is / are) playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上躍足球2. more than one 单数名诚作主语.谓语用单数.More than one student(has / have) ever been to Beijing不止一个学生曾经去过北京3.示时间价格.数冃.长度，数学运算零的诃或短语作主语时. 这些通常作一个整体柢念.谓语用鸽放形式.TWo months(is / are) a long h

4、oliday.两个月是一个长像.Twenty pounds(is / are) not so heavy. 2 碣并不衣重.Five minus four(is / are) one.5减4零于 14.主语是each/every#ift名词and(each/every)4-数名词时.谓语动词用单数 Each boy and each girl(has / have) got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个匝祀一Every man and every woman(is / are) at work每个男人和女人都在工作.5. one and a half令复数名词作主语.谓语动词用单散形式

5、.One and a half hours(Is I are) enough一个半小时足够了.6动词不定式.动名词作主语时.谓语动词用单数形式.To see(Is I are) to believe.眼见为实.Doing eye exercises(is / are) good for your eyes做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益7. a/an#L数名词gr two作主语.谓语动词用讹数.A student or two(like / likes) to listen to this new teacher9 sclass.一两个学生再欢听这位新老师的课.8 当主语部分(主语是单数时)含有

6、with, together with, along with, as well as. besides, except, but. liXe尊介诃或介诃短语时.谓语动词与前面的主语 一致.即缰就远warMike with his father (has / have) been to England.同他的父亲去过英格兰Mike, like his brother,(enjoy / enjoys) playing football.迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢腸足球The students as well as the teacher(was / were) present at themelti

7、ng开会的时候.学生们和老师都在场9由both,.and连接两个单数名诃作主语时.谓话动诃通常用复数形式；由X either.oc.t nerther.nor.t not only.but also., not.but. 及there be 句型连接两个名词或代词作主语时根据就近扳則决定谓语动词形式但是如果 either, each, neither主语.则为词力单数形式.Either my wife or I(am / Is/are) goingNeither you, nor I, nor anyone else(know / knows) the answer.Not only you

8、but also he(Is / are) ready to leaveEach of us(has / have) got a new story bookNeither of the books_. (Is / are) very Interestingi!r 9由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时.一般用复数形式.但end所连接的并列主语 是同一个人.事物，或槪念时谓语动词用单数.这两种情况区分如下：a/the单数名 词und单效名词.指的是同 个人或物；athe单敷名词andeth*单数名词.指两 个人或物.The writer and teacher(is / are) coming.

9、那位作家兼教师来了(作家和敘师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher(is / are) coming作家和老师来了.(作家和老师是两个人)A knife and fork(is/are) on the table.桌子上放着一副刀叉10. peopet police集体名词作主语.谓语动词用复数形family, class, group, team集体名诃作主语.若指-个整体时.谓语动词用单數形式.若指一个一个的具体 成员时.谓语动词复数形式fPeople here (is / are) very friendly.这儿的人很友好His family(is / ar

10、e) not large.他永的人不衣My family all(like/likes) watching TV.我们一家人祁喜欢看电视.11 不定杷词somebody, someone, something, anybody、anything, everybody, nobody,everyone, everything, no one, nothing作主语谓语/词用单数.(Is/Are) everyone here today?今天大家到齐了吗？Something (is/are) wrong with him.他有毛病.Nobody(was/were) in.没有人在家.12. eac

11、h, either, neither, another, the other 作主语.谓语动词用单数.Each of them(has / have) an English dictionary.他们每人都有一本英语词典.Neither answer(is/are) correct.两个答案都不正确.13以一s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义.谓语通需用单数形式如news, maths, physics.No news(is/are) good news.没有消息就是好消息Maths (is/are) very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎.15.如果主常是由 s

12、eries of, a kind of, a portion of等名诃构成时.动词- 般用单数形式但a variety of, a number of 名词复IL动词要用复数形式；而lhe number of 复数名词作主语.谓语动词用单数.A number of students (is / are) going to visit this place ofinterest.The number of the students(is / are) over 80016. the形吝调哀示一类人时丽药丽复叢形式s我示抽彖IK念时.用单数形式. The poor(is / are) very

13、happy, but the rich(is / are) sad.The beautiful(live/lives) forever.笑是永存的.反意疑问句反意疑何句：附在陈述句之后.对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问. 结构：助动词/情态动词主语.前肯后否，前否后肯eg: He likes playing football, doesn9 t he?He can speak English, can(3)陈述部分用 nof no one, nothing, nobody, never, few, little, seldom, hardly, rarely, 等否定含义的词时.疑何部分用肯定

14、含义Birds rarely build nests in our garden, do they?He hardly says such words, does he? 陈述句的主语杲不定代诃everything, something, anything, nothing时.其后的反 意疑何句主语用 Everything is right, isnF t it? Nothing is in the box, is it? 陈述句的主语是不定代词everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, no one, no

15、ne时.其后的反意疑何句主语用they.Everybody has got the new books, havenF t they? Everyone knows his job, don t they?Anyone can do that, canf t they?No one is interested in math, are they?不定代词做主语的反义爱问句.指物的一般用H反问.抵人的用they空& 陈述部分的谓语是used to时,疑问部分用didn-t 主语或usednt 主语 She usted to climb the mountain, usednr t she?/di

16、dn t she? t he?其他类型反意疑何句的用法(1) There be 变成be thereThere are 3 dogs, arenf t there?Th here w川 be a meeting tomorrow, wonF t there?(2)祈使句后的反議疑问句：柠定祈便句的反意疑何句通常用w川you或won- t you, 否定祈便句的反意疑问句只用will you.Pass me a book, w川 you?Have another cup of tea, wonF t you?Don t watch too much TV, will you? LetF s go

17、 shopping, shall we?Let us go now, will you?7）陈述部分有had better do,疑问句部分用hadnt you? You*d better read it by yourself, hadnt you?（8）含有宾语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句中.简短何句一般反映主句中主、谓之间 的关系She said that they were happy, did t she?You think that you are funny, donF t you?但如集主句是I think, I believe笄时.则简短问句反映的ftthat从句中主语与谓语

18、之何 的关糸.I think （that） he is serious, isn t he?I don9 t think （that） he is serious, is he?（9）否定龍缀不能视为否定诚.其反裁疑问句仍用否定形式This is important, isn*t It?He is unhappy, isn t he?祈使句用于茨达命令.请求、劝皆.警皆、禁止等的句子叫做折使句.祈使句量常用于农达命 令.因此也常称为命令句.祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略.祈使句的动诃都为 股现在时. 句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束.例：Go and wash your ha

19、nds.（去洗你的手命令Be quiet, please. （Please be quiet.）（请安静请求）Be kind to our sister.（对姊妹要和善衣吿）Watch your steps.（走路小心. 警吿）Lcx）k out! Danger!（小心！危险！ 烈警吿.已如磚叹句）Keep off the grass.（勿践草坪. 禁止No parking.（禁止停乍. 一禁止 No eating or drinking. 止吃喝.禁止）No littering. （M止乱扔垃圾.一禁止）祈使句也可把主语“Youw 达出来.使对方听起来觉得柔和些.You go and tel

20、l him, Chris.（克立斯去吿诉他.表现形式肯定结构：1. Do犁(即:动词康形(宾语)英它成分)如:Please have a seat here.请这边坐. 有的祈使句在意J明确的情况下，动词可省略如汀his way, please. = Go this way, please.请这边走2. Be舉(即:Be 表语(名词或形容词*其它成分).如:Be a good boy!要做一个好孩子!3. Lei盘(即:Lei 宾语动诃原形令其它成分).如:Lei me help you.让我来帮你. 否定结构：1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dorn构成.如:DorVt forget

21、 me!不要左记我！Don*t be late for school!上学不要迟到！2 Let型的否定式有两种：“Dorn let 宾治 动诚原整苴它成分” 和Let 宾语 not 动词據形其它戒分” 如:Doni let him go./Let him not go.别让他走.3.有些可用no开头，用来衷示禁止性的祈使句 如:No smoking!禁止吸烟!No fishing!禁止钓鱼！感叹句感叹句通常有what, how引* 表示费茨惊叹、喜悦.等感情。whal修饰名词how 修饰形容词.剧词或动词感叹句结构主嬰有以下几种：1) HOW +形容词名词陈述语序How clever a bo

22、y he is!2) How 形容呵或副词陈述语序How lovely the baby is!3) What 名词*陈述语序What noise they are making!4) What a 形容词名词陈述语序What a clever boy he is!5) What 形容词复数名词陈述语序What wonderful ideas (we have)!6) What 形容诃不可散名诃冻述审序What cold weather it is!7) 感叹句的省略形式为：What a clever boy (he Is)!肯定句、否定句 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 be动词：am9 is9 a

23、re二.肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句定义1. 肯定句表示肯定的意思，即不含有否定词不 比如：我是一个学生I am a student.他圭上学 He goes to school.2. 否定句i表示否定的意思比如i我不是一个男孩 lam not a boy 他不去上 学 He does not go to school.3. 一般疑问句回答为“杲yes或者“否no”的问句 比如*你是一个学生吗？ Are you a student?你喜欢英语吗？ Do you like English?4特殊班问句，以融问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫转殊疑问句常用的班 问词有：what who

24、 whose which when where how why待殊疑问句有两种语序转殊疑问句有两种语序：1. 如疑问词作左谄或主语的定诒.即对主语或主语的定语提问.其语序是陈述句的 语序：疑问词（+主语）*谓语动词+其他成分*?如： who is singing in the room ,whcva bikp Iq hrokpn ?2. 如疑问词作其他成分，即对其他成分提何，其语序迪：爱问刈I一般陵问句涪序？ 如： what class are you in ?What does she look like ?Where are you from ?What time does he get

25、up every morning ?How do you know ?特殊虢问诃助动诃主语动诃原形其他？eg:Where do you do study English?特殊疑问词-be动词主语其他？eg:Why is your Mum so angry?转殊疑何词态动词主语动词康形其他？eg:What can I do for you?壬注意：1.回答特殊规问句时.不能用yes / no即甸什么答什么.尤其是简略回答 比如：现在几点了？ What s the time?哪一支笔是你的？ Which is your pen?三.肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和符殊疑问句的相互转换（DWam, is

26、, are的句子.肯定句变否定句，在am, Is, are后面加上not,其余按顺序照抄肯定句变一般题问句：把am, is, are提前放到句首并大写Am, Is, A其余照抄. 肯定句变待殊疑问句（就划线部分提:分3步骤第一步X先变一般疑问句第二步，找合适的特殊疑问诃代替划线部分第三步I特殊爰问词提前放到句首，并大写.其余按康序照抄.省略划拔部分 注意:1先变一般疑问句但是.如果问的是主语或主语的定语时.语序不变. 为”特殊爱问词G主语）+陈述句”.如x Li ming vs not here today.Whos not here today?今夫谁没来？例如x肖定句.否定句和一般疑问句的

27、互换肯定句8 This is a book.否定句：This is not a book.一般疑问句：Is this a book?肯定回答：Yes. it is否定冋答：No,ltisnF t.就划线部分提问（变特殊疑问句）This is a book.第一步：变一般疑问句Is this a book?第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词Is this what ?第三步*特殊屡问词提前放到句首.并大写.英余按順序照抄.省略划线部分 What is this?。没有am, Is, are的句子.肯定句变否定句，在主语后面加上do not或者does not,其余按展序照抄动词用原形 肯定句变一般疑问句

28、：在句首加do或者does并大写，其余照抄.注意：动词用原形 肯定句变特殊疑问句（就划线部分提问）：分3步骤第一步*先变一般羅问句第二步：找合适的特殊疑问词代咎划线部分第三步：特殊疑问词提前放到句首.并大写.其余按顺序照抄.省略划线部分注意* 1 一定先变一般疑问句但是，如果问的是主语或主语的定语时.语序不变.为 ”特殊疑问词（主语）陈述句”.2 划线部分不能在特殊疑问句中出现.非单三时用do,单三时用does非单三 肯定句 J like English.一般賢问句* Do you like English?否定句* I do not like English单三 肯定句：He likes English.一般疑问句* Does he like English?否定句：He do