m5语法(不定式)

1、 动词不定式是由动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形动词原形”构构成成 (有时可以不带有时可以不带to)。其否定形式是。其否定形式是“not +动词不定式动词不定式”(not不与助动词连不与助动词连用用)。它属于一种非谓语动词的形式，在。它属于一种非谓语动词的形式，在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化，但它可以保留动词的性质，其本变化，但它可以保留动词的性质，其本身可以身可以带宾语或状语等附加成分（不定式和其带宾语或状语等附加成分（不定式和其附加成分称为不定式短语）。动词不定附加成分称为不定式短语）。动词不定式（短语）的句法功能非常广泛，在句式（短语）的句法

2、功能非常广泛，在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分。语及状语等成分。一、作宾语一、作宾语(1) 能够接动词不定式作宾语的有能够接动词不定式作宾语的有 ask, agree, beg, decide, determine, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish 及及 would like/love 等动词，但等动词，但 finish, enjoy, miss, appreciate, mind, advise, suggest 等动词等动词

3、后面通常只能接动名词作宾语。后面通常只能接动名词作宾语。例如：例如： I hope to visit this place again. 我希望能再度访问此地。我希望能再度访问此地。She enjoys reading very much. 她非常喜欢读书。她非常喜欢读书。The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。司机没能及时看见另一辆车。(2) 动词不定式与名词构成复合宾语时，动词不定式与名词构成复合宾语时，通常要用通常要用 it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语语动词不定式后置。动词不定式后置

4、。例如：例如： I found it difficult to see him here. 我发现在这里见到他是很难的。我发现在这里见到他是很难的。二、双宾语二、双宾语双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。双宾语由直接宾语和间接宾语组成。直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），间接宾语紧接在作的目标（为谁做），间接宾语紧接在谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在。它和谓语动词后，但它不能单独存在。它和直接宾语组成双宾语。直接宾语组成双宾语。如：如：Please show me your pass

5、port.请把护照给我看一下。请把护照给我看一下。 (your passport 是直接宾语，是直接宾语，me 是间接是间接宾语宾语) 间接宾语可以用一个由间接宾语可以用一个由to 表示动作方向表示动作方向或或for 表示动作目标引起的短语来表示。表示动作目标引起的短语来表示。这时，间接宾语置于直接宾语之后。我这时，间接宾语置于直接宾语之后。我们可以把上面例句改写为：们可以把上面例句改写为： Please show your passport to me. 常见的可以接双宾语的动词有：常见的可以接双宾语的动词有：give, bring, lend, pass, send, show, leav

6、e, buy, tell, teach, sell 等。等。1. What a fine day! Why not _ outside? (2013湘西湘西) A. having a walk B. to have a walkC. have a walk2. You look too tired. Why not _ a rest? (2013益阳益阳) A. stop to have B. to stop having C. stop having3. Seeing their teacher _ into the classroom, they stopped _ at once. (2

7、013黄石黄石)A. walk; tellingB. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking4. Lucy is shy. She would not invite her classmates _ dancing with her. (2013江江西西)A. practice B. practices C. practicing D. to practice5. Even Tonys granddaughter, a five-year-old girl, asked him _ smoking. (2013上海上海)

8、A. give up B. gave up C. to give up D. giving up6. Paul made a nice cage _ the little sick bird till it could fly. (2013苏州苏州)A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep7. He promised _ his old friend during his stay in Tianjin. (2013天津天津)A. see B. seeing C. saw D. to see8. I spent $ 5 _ this book. (2013四川

9、雅安四川雅安) A. in B. to buy C. buying D. buy一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示，完成一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示，完成下列句子。下列句子。1. Today is my sisters t_ birthdayand she is twenty.2. Our team is the best and we have neverl_ a football match.3. Have you read her new n_?4. She is a c_ student now.5. He is dangerous to s_.wentiethostovelollege

10、ociety二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Tiananmen Square is one of the _ (large) squares in the world.2. Mike is very funny and he always makes us _ (laugh).3. Our city _ (name) “Water City”several years ago.4. Mr. Wang asked us _ (not play) in the busy street after school.5. Yu Hong is good at music

11、 and she cansing English songs _ (beautiful). largest laugh was namednot to playbeautifully三、根据所给汉语及提示三、根据所给汉语及提示, 完成下列句子。完成下列句子。 1. 理查德派他妹妹去拿包。（理查德派他妹妹去拿包。（send to）_2. 我们给女儿取名萨拉。（我们给女儿取名萨拉。（name）_3. 汤姆的妈妈每天从早工作到晚。汤姆的妈妈每天从早工作到晚。(fromto)_4. 他不知道为什么朋友们对他（的到来）反他不知道为什么朋友们对他（的到来）反应冷淡。应冷淡。_Richard sent hi

12、s sister to take the bag.We named our daughter Sarah.Toms mom works from morning to night.He didnt know why his friends gave him a cold welcome.生活中我们经常遇到“我努力去理解”、“决定留下来”等表达方式，其中连续出现了两个动词，这种情况下英语应该如何表达呢？首先请看下面的例句：We decided to stay for a cup of tea.我们决定留下来喝杯茶。动词不定式置于谓语动词之后, 作动词的宾语, 表明意图, 希望或决定的内容。1.

13、动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语在英语中，并不是所有两个动词连用在英语中，并不是所有两个动词连用时都采用时都采用“动词动词+不定式不定式”的形式。一的形式。一般来说，般来说，用不定式时，表示想要、计用不定式时，表示想要、计划或希望要做（或发生）的事，多为划或希望要做（或发生）的事，多为将来的行为。将来的行为。但是在具体使用中同学但是在具体使用中同学们还要注意记忆，因为动词不同，对们还要注意记忆，因为动词不同，对其后动词形式的要求也就不同。其后动词形式的要求也就不同。常见的后面接常见的后面接“to + 动词原形动词原形”作宾作宾语的动词语的动词有有:plan, decide, hope, wan

14、t, offer, try, like, love，learn等。等。2. 双宾语当我们表达当我们表达“给某人某物给某人某物”时就出现时就出现了两个动作的承受者，一个是物，一了两个动作的承受者，一个是物，一个是人。个是人。例如：我递给他一瓶苹果汁。例如：我递给他一瓶苹果汁。1) I passed him a bottle of apple juice. 采用了采用了“动词动词+人人+物物”的表达方式。的表达方式。间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语2) I passed a bottle of apple juice to him.间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语采用了采用了“动词动词+物物+人人

15、”的方式。的方式。可以可以接双宾语的动词接双宾语的动词很多，常见的很多，常见的有：有：give, bring, pass, send, show, leave, buy, tell, teach, sell等。例如：等。例如：My brother bought me some storybooks.我哥哥给我买了一些故事书。我哥哥给我买了一些故事书。My uncle gave me a pretty birthday present.我叔叔给了我一个漂亮的生日礼物。我叔叔给了我一个漂亮的生日礼物。后接介词to 的动词有：give, show, pass, lend, take, tell 等；

16、后接介词for的动词有：buy, make, cook, get, sing, read等。一般来讲，for表示“为某人”，而to表示“给某人”，即表示某人接受或收到了某物。如：give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb.lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.hand sb. sth. = hand sth. to sb.send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.leave sb. sth. =

17、leave sth. to sb.teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb.buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb.read sb. sth. = read sth. for sb.动词不定式的构成：动词不定式的构成：to +do一、作宾语一、作宾语放在放在 would like/want, begin/start, forget, remember decide, wish, learn, agree, hope, choose, love, offer, refuse, sta

18、rt, help, afford(提供提供), try 等后面。另外：等后面。另外：hand sb. sth. = hand sth. to sb.send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb.leave sb. sth. = leave sth. to sb.teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb.buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb.read sb. sth. = read sth. for

19、sb. I want _all the new words. A. remember B. to remember C. remembering 2. He began _ when I came in. A. to swim B. swim C. swimming3. Tom forgot _ apples. A. buy B. to buy C. buying4. Lily decided _ hard. A. studying B. study C. to studyBABC二、作宾语补足语二、作宾语补足语1) 放在放在tell, ask, want, invite, order, al

20、low, encourage, teach, warn等后等后面。面。 My mother wants me _ to school. A. to go B. go C. going 2. He invited us _ the party. A. joining B. to join C. join 3. The teachers often asks us _ the rules. A. obey B. obeying C. to obeyABC2) 在在feel, hear, see, watch, smell, taste, let, make 等后要用等后要用不带不带to的不定式作宾

21、语补足语。的不定式作宾语补足语。 1. I saw him _into that house. A. go B. to go C. going 2. Lets _ a film. A. to see B. seeing C. see 3. Alice heard it _ “Oh, dear! Oh dear! I will be late.” A. saying B. say C. to sayACB三、作状语三、作状语不定式在句中作状语，修饰动词，不定式在句中作状语，修饰动词，表示目的、结果或原因等。表示目的、结果或原因等。 He stands up and walks towards h

22、er _hands with her. A. shake B. shaking C. to shake 2. She does her best _ up with the other students in her class. A. to catch B. catch C. catching CA3. The boy is too young _ to school. A. go B. to go C. going4. Ann went there _ a nurse. A. be B. been C. to be5. Jim left home _ in different cities

23、. A. work B. working C. to work BCC仿照句子写出下面短语：仿照句子写出下面短语：把你的照片给我看把你的照片给我看Show me your photos show your photos to me.1. 给我一个苹果给我一个苹果_ give an apple to me2. 借给他一些钱借给他一些钱 lend him some money _3. 送她一只花送她一只花_ send a flower to her4. 教他们电脑教他们电脑 teach them computer _ give me an apple lend some money to him

24、send her a flower teach computer to them5. 给他买件毛衣给他买件毛衣 _ buy a sweater for him6. 给我们做早餐给我们做早餐 cook us breakfast _7. 给他做个风筝给他做个风筝 _ make a kite for him8. 替她读这封信替她读这封信 read her the letter. _ buy him a sweater cook breakfast for us make him a kite read the letter for her1. “Id like to see Beijing Oper

25、a one day.” He _ to see Beijing Opera one day.2. “Yes. Lets go to the opera.” They _ to go to the opera. hopedagreedComplete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.agree decide hope offer want 3. “Well go to the teahouse.” They _ to go to the teahouse. “Can I come to the teahouse with you?” She _ to come to the teahouse. decidedwanted(give, show, send, teach, pass