新编简明英语语言学教程第二戴炜栋实用教案

1、会计学1新编简明新编简明(jinmng)英语语言学教程英语语言学教程 第二第二 戴炜栋戴炜栋第一页，共39页。第1页/共39页第二页，共39页。第2页/共39页第三页，共39页。第3页/共39页第四页，共39页。Symbol/form:words/phrases/sentencesReferent（指示（指示(zhsh)物）物）: object in the world of experienceThought/reference(所指所指):concepts in mindThe symbol or a word signifies things by virtue of（依靠(yko)）

2、the concept associated with the form of the word in the minds of the speaker; and the concept looked at from this point of view is the meaning of the word. 第4页/共39页第五页，共39页。第5页/共39页第六页，共39页。s_Rn(physical stimulus) (verbal response) (verbal stimulus) (non-verbal response)n(wants the apple) (speaks to

3、 Jack) (hears) (gives Jill) 第6页/共39页第七页，共39页。第7页/共39页第八页，共39页。nSense- is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and de-contextualized. It is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are interested

4、in. For example, the word “dog”is given the definition “a domesticated(驯化(xnhu)的) canine （犬牙）mammal, occurring in many breeds(一胎多仔） that show a great variety in size and form”. This doesnt refer to any particular dog that exist in the real world,but applies to any animal that meets the features desc

5、ribed in the definition. So this is the sense of the word “dog”.第8页/共39页第九页，共39页。nReference-what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. If we say “The dog is barking”, we must

6、be talking about a certain dog existent in the situation; the word “dog” refers to a dog known to both the speaker and the hearer. This is the reference of the word “dog” in this particular situation.第9页/共39页第十页，共39页。第10页/共39页第十一页，共39页。Major sense relationsnSynonymy snnm (同义现象)n Antonymy nt,nmi （反义现

7、象）nPolysemy pl,sim （多义现象）n Homonymy homnm （同音/形异义(y y)现象）nHyponymy haipnimi （下义关系）第11页/共39页第十二页，共39页。start, begin, commence;第12页/共39页第十三页，共39页。3) Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning, e.g.collaborator（合作者）accomplice（帮凶）,4) Collocational（搭配的） synonyms, e.g. accuseof（控告(knggo)）,

8、 chargewith, rebuke（ 谴责）for; 5) Semantically different synonyms, e.g. amaze（suggesting confusing and bewilderment）, astound (suggesting difficulty in believing),第13页/共39页第十四页，共39页。nGradable （分级）antonyms-there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair, e.g. old-young, hot-cold, t

9、all-short, nComplementary （互补(h b)）antonyms-the denial of one member of the pair implies the assertion of the other, e.g. alive-dead, male-female, nRelational （关系）opposites-exhibits the reversal of the relationship between the two items, e.g. husband-wife, father-son, doctor-patient, buy-sell, let-r

10、ent, employer-employee, give-receive, above-below, 第14页/共39页第十五页，共39页。nPolysemy-the same one word may have more than one meaning, e.g. “table” may mean:nA piece of furniture （餐桌）nAll the people seated at a table（坐同一桌的人）nThe food that is put on a table （餐食，伙食(hu sh)）nA thin flat piece of stone, metal

11、, wood, etc.（板）nOrderly arrangement of facts, figures, etc.（表格）n 第15页/共39页第十六页，共39页。第16页/共39页第十七页，共39页。第17页/共39页第十八页，共39页。第18页/共39页第十九页，共39页。第19页/共39页第二十页，共39页。第20页/共39页第二十一页，共39页。第21页/共39页第二十二页，共39页。第22页/共39页第二十三页，共39页。横也丝来竖也丝。这般心事有谁知？素帕第23页/共39页第二十四页，共39页。第24页/共39页第二十五页，共39页。nSuperordinate: flower

12、nHyponyms: rose, tulip, lily, chrysanthemum（菊花(jhu)）, peony（牡丹花）, narcissus（水仙花）, nSuperordinate: furniturenHyponyms: bed, table, desk, dresser（梳妆台）, wardrobe（衣橱）, sofa, 第25页/共39页第二十六页，共39页。（反常的）第26页/共39页第二十七页，共39页。第27页/共39页第二十八页，共39页。第28页/共39页第二十九页，共39页。第29页/共39页第三十页，共39页。第30页/共39页第三十一页，共39页。第31页/共39页第三十二页，共39页。第32页/共39页第三十三页，共39页。第33页/共39页第三十四页，共39页。第34页/共39页第三十五页，共39页。第35页/共39页第三十六页，共39页。 A predicate is something said about