延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的运用

1、 延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一、延续性动词可以与一、延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连表示时间段的状语连用用。表示时间段的短语有。表示时间段的短语有: for+一段时间,如：for 2 years，for a long time; since从句, 如：since he came here; since+时间点名词, 如：since last year, since 5 days ago; how long等。二二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点动词非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或点

2、动词,表示不能延续的动作表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, die, close, begin(start), finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock;eg：He died 5 years ago.终止性动词所表示的动作极其短暂且不能持续，终止性动词所表示的动作极其短暂且不能持续，所以所以在完成时的肯定句中不能和表示一段时间在完成时的肯定句中不能和表示一段

3、时间的状语连用。的状语连用。如：for 3 years，since he came here，how long，ect.且看下面三个错误句子：1)Jim has come here for five years.2)He has died for 3 years.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。现在完成时中延续性动词和非延续性动词现在完成时中延续性动词和非延续性动词 延续性动词：延续性动词： study learn sleep live sing dance swim drink teach keep非延续性动词：非延续性动词： buy borrow lend die leav

4、e begin come / go 这些动词不能和这些动词不能和 how long ; for .since连用连用 要把它们变成其他相应的词要把它们变成其他相应的词.-（buy买了买了） have/has had （borrow借了借了） have/has kept （start/ begin开始开始 了了） have /has been on （leave离开了离开了） have /has been away (from).（来到某地（来到某地/ 去某地去某地.） have /has been in （die 死了死了） have/has been dead for since.如果终止性

5、动词在现在完成时句子中需要同有段时间状语连用，解决这一逻辑矛盾的方法就是将终止性动词转换为延续性动词。三、延续性动词与终止性动词之间的转换三、延续性动词与终止性动词之间的转换1、用相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词： borrow - keep, buy - have, become/come/go-be , catch a cold - have a cold, open sth. - keep sth. open, put on- wear ,eg. I bought the book 5 days ago. I have had the book for 5 days.2、将终止性动词

6、转换为、将终止性动词转换为be+介词短语介词短语 begin/start - be on, finish - be over, join - be in+组织机构/be a member of+组织机构, go to schoolbe in school , get to/ arrive/reach /come/go/move- be in/at+sw. put onbe oneg.He has been in school for 9 years. 3、将终止性动词转换为、将终止性动词转换为be+名词名词 join the armybe a soldier, join the League/

7、Partybe a League/Party member go to schoolbe a student eg . He joined the Party 2 years ago. He has been in the Party for 2 years. 4、用、用be+adj./adv.结构替换非延续性动词结构替换非延续性动词 close/openbe closed/open , come /go back/return - be back, come here - be here, die - be dead, fall asleep - be asleep, fall ill -

8、be ill, finish/end/complete be over, go there - be there, go/leave - be away（from）, go (get) out be out, get up-be up, marry be married, movebe out of eg. The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years. 5、去掉短语中的结束性动词、去掉短语中的结束性动词 begin to studystudy, come to work=work, get to kno

9、w - know, eg：We have known each other for 3 years. 6、用、用“It is/Has been+time +since”句型表达原句句型表达原句的内容。但主句一般用现在时或完成时，的内容。但主句一般用现在时或完成时，since引导的引导的时间状语或短语从句用一般过去时。时间状语或短语从句用一般过去时。 eg：It is/Has been three years since we got to know each other. 7，用，用“time +have passed since”句型表达同样的意思。句型表达同样的意思。 eg.He has

10、been away his hometown for 5 years. Five years has passed since he left his hometown. 8，把一时间状语改为过去时间状语，原动词的完成时改为过，把一时间状语改为过去时间状语，原动词的完成时改为过去一般时。去一般时。 eg.He left his hometown five years ago. 他参军三年了。 He has joined the army for 3 years. He has been in the army for 3 years. He has been a soldier for 3 y

11、ears. It is/Has been 3 years since he joined the army. He joined the army 3 years ago.1.我买这本书三年了我买这本书三年了。(1).I bought the book three years ago. (2) I have had the book for 3 years. (3) I have had the book since 3 years ago. How long have you had the book ?2.他借这本书两个月了（他借这本书两个月了（1）He borrowed the book

12、 two months ago. (2）He has kept the book for 2 months . (3) He has kept the book since 2 months ago. How long has he kept the book?3.李梅离开济南一年了李梅离开济南一年了 .(1) Li Mei left Jinan one year ago. (2) Li Mei has been away from Jinan for one year. (3) Li Mei has been away from Jinan since 1 year ago. How lon

13、g has Li Mei been away from Jinan?请大声读句子，每个读三遍。请大声读句子，每个读三遍。会议开始会议开始20分钟了。分钟了。(1) The meeting began 20 minutes ago. (2) The meeting has been on for 20 minutes. (3) The meeting has been on since 20 minutes. How long has the meeting been on ?Tom来中国来中国10个月了。个月了。（1） Tom came to China 10 months ago. (2 )

14、 Tom has been in China for 10 months. (3 ) Tom has been in China since 10 months ago. How long has Tom been in China?请大声读句子，每个读三遍。请大声读句子，每个读三遍。Marry的祖父去世三年了。的祖父去世三年了。(1） Marrys grandfather died 3 years ago.(2) Marrys grandfather has been dead for 3 years.(3) Marrys grandfather has been dead since 3

15、years ago. How long has Marrys grandfather been dead?请大声读句子，每个读三遍。请大声读句子，每个读三遍。1. Tom _for several hours. A. went to bed B. has been in bed C. has gone to bed D. has been to bed2.How long have you_this city? A. been to B. been in C. come to D. gone to 3. My aunt _the TV for 4 months. A. has bought B

16、. was bought C. was had D. has had4. Mr Brown _the car for 3 months. A. bought B. had bought C. has had D. buys5. The old man _for two days. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D.dies 6.My sister has_ for 8 years. A. become a driver B. left the city C. arrived in the city D. lived here7.How long have y