情态动词,虚拟语气,英语习题

1、八、情态动词与虚拟语气1.(全国I 29). Just be patient .You_ except the world to change so soon.A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not 解析：通过选项此题考察情态动词，can't在否定句中可以表示推测，译为不可能，可以表示能力，译为不能够，也可以表示命令，不允许，但是语气比mustn't弱，具有劝慰的意思，根据句意此题中选择A，can't表示劝慰。句意：耐心一点儿，你不可能期望世界变化如此快。2.(全国II 17). Im afraid Mr. Harding _

2、see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 解析：结合语境，根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时，要用cant。3.(安徽卷32). Jack descried his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 解析：句意为“杰克把他的父亲描述为一个意志坚强的人，他的父亲多年前肯定很勇敢。”用must have be

3、en表示对过去事情的肯定推测。4.(北京卷23).Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah, good morning. You _ be Mrs. Peters.A. might B. must C. would D. can解析：第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约，那下面的人就回应说，"那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了"因此排除A,C.D5.(北京卷34).The weather has been very hot and dry.

4、Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables _. A. wouldn't die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died解析：第二个说话人的If条件句是我们选择正确答案的关键。要是当时下雨了，现在的情况就好的多了！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。与过去事实相反：过去没有下雨，所以我的蔬菜干死了也是发生在过去。将句子整合还原：If it had rained even a drop, m

5、y vegetables wouldn't have died.If+ had done,主句为couldnt/ shouldn't/ wouldn't have done.8.(湖南卷23). You_ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to解析：dont have to 意为“没有必要”，符合语境，句意为：“你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。”9.(江苏卷25). I havent got the reference book

6、 yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may 解析：shall在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。10.(江苏卷34). George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focuse

7、d C. would focus D. had focused解析：would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式11.(江西卷23). I have told you the truth I keep repeating it?A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will解析：must必须,一定，can可以,能够， may也许，will意愿,倾向性动作。前半句说我告诉你事实了,这里用的是现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响,既然我已经说了,我还必须重复一遍吗？12.(辽宁卷26). Doctors say that exercise is im

8、portant for health, but it _ be regular exercise.A. can B. will C. must D. may解析：考查情态动词。Can一般表示“可能，或能力”；will表示“意志”；may表示“许可，可能”；must表示“必须”。句意：医生说锻炼对身体重要，但是必须是有规律的锻炼。13.(山东卷25). I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt解析：句意应为“我本来不应该看那部电影的它会使我

9、做噩梦的。”表示“本来不应该做而做了某事”用shouldnt have done, 所以A项正确。14.(陕西卷15). If we _ _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken解析：考查虚拟语气。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形式might have arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had+过去分词形式，选B。句意：如果当时走了另一条路，我们就有可能及时赶到这儿开会

10、了。15.(陕西卷23). -May I take this book out of the reading room? -No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. needt D. mustnt解析：英语中用could，might表示询问或征求意见的问句中，肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might，而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustnt，故本题选D。16.(四川卷3). I take the book out?I'm afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must

11、 D. Need解析：表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may.句意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？”“恐怕不行”。故应选表情请求的情态动词may。17.(天津卷9). Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt解析：根据后面的语境，提前半个小时到达，说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙，所以用neednt have done 结构，表示“本来不必要做某事的而

12、实际上做了”。句意：迈克本来不必要那么忙的。这么高速驾驶之后，他早半个小时到达了。18.(天津卷15).John went to the hospital alone.If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told解析：前一句是陈述语气，说明动发生在过去，而且后一句的主句已经是would have gone说明是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与之对应的从句结构，应该用had+过去分词。句意：约翰独自去了医院。如果他告诉我的话，我会跟他一起去的。19.(重庆卷 21

13、).You park.here! Its an emergency exit.A. wouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt解析：mustnt表示禁止：不可以。20.(浙江卷17). "You _ have a wrong number," she said. "There's no one of that name here." A. need B. can C. must D. would解析：肯定的猜测，用must。21.(浙江卷10). Had I known about this computer p

14、rogram, a huge amount of time and energy _ . A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D.was saved解析：根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。22.(上海卷29).Sorry, Professor Smith. I d

15、idn't finish the assignment yesterday.Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't解析：此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should + have +过去分词。本来应该做，而未做。十二、名词性从句1.(全国卷I卷33).We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.A. that B. which C. w

16、hat D. where解析：根据选项此题考察从句。题干中空格划在动词discuss的后面，因此考察宾语从句，根据句意在宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择D。句意：我们还没有讨论要将我们的新家具放在哪里的问题。2.(全国II卷10) Have you finished the book？No. Ive read up to _ the children discover the secret cave.A. which B. what C. that D. where解析：to介词结构，后接宾语从句；而句意是“读到孩子们发现秘密洞穴的地方”，故用where引导这个宾语从句最合适。3.(北京卷31

17、).I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. A. who B. where C. what D. how解析：what既要引导介词for的宾语从句，又要在从句中充当表语。4.(北京卷32). Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether 解析：从句不缺成分，因此用tha

18、t来引导。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己创作的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说非常贴近他本人的真实生活。5.(北京卷33). some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How解析：从句中缺宾语，只能用B. what来引导。C.中的That引导主语从句但不做任何成分。句意：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。6.(福建卷35). We should respect food and think about the people who dont have w

19、e have here and treat food nicely.A. that B. which C. what D. whether解析：what既要引导宾语从句，又要在宾语从句中作宾语。7.(湖南卷35). Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears .No one in the office knew_ she was so angry.A. where B. whether C. that D. why解析：该空引导宾语从句，根据句意“办公室中没人知道她为什么如此生气”可判断选D项。8.(江苏卷35).I prefer shut

20、ting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats_ I dont agree. You should have a more active life.A. where B. how C. when D. what解析：这就是我不同意的地方.agree 是不及物动词,所以用where. 用表语从句.9.(辽宁卷34). -Its no use having ideas only . -Dont worry. Peter can show you _to turn an idea into an act.A. how B

21、. who C. what D. where解析：考查连接词的用法。虽然四个词都可以和动词不定式连用，但是意义不同。how表示“怎样”，强调方式。而who和what是连接代词，在不定式短语中作宾语，此句中动词不定式有宾语，不再需要宾语，所以排除，where则强调地点。与上一句不对应。本句相当于一个宾语从句：how you will turn an idea into an act.句意：光有主意没用。不用担心，皮特可以教你怎样把主意变为行动。10.(山东卷26). Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for

22、the coming season. A. why B. what C. how D. which解析：分析句式结构可知，只有what才能既引导宾语从句又在从句中充当need的宾语。句意：“在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。”11.(陕西卷18). It never occurred to me _ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind. A. which B. what C. that D. if 解析：考查固定句型。It occurs/occurred to sb that .是固定句型，

23、意思是：突然想起.，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是有that引导的主语从句，选C。12.(四川卷14). How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on he goes with，whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why解析：根据句末的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选B。句意：一个人旅游享受得如何很大程度上取决于他和谁去，无论是他的朋友还是亲戚。13.(天津卷14). As a new g

24、raduate, he doesnt know _ it takes to start a business here.A. how B. what C. when D. which解析：空格后的从句中takes动词，其后缺少宾语，所以引导该宾语从句的连接词要用what。句意：作为一名新毕业生，他不知道需要些什么才能在这里开办企业。14.(重庆卷25). To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products.A. whoever B. who C. whichever D. which解析：ask的宾语从句。=anyone who had used the products.宾语从句后置来保持句子平衡。To improve the quality of our products we asked whoever had used the produst for suggestions.15.(浙江卷1).How about camping this weekend, just for a change? OK,_ you want. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever解析：句意：“这个周末野营