初三英语语法练习题答案

1、- 1 -语 法专题 1 名 词知识网络名 词 名词的分类 专有名词普通名词 可数名词 规则变化 不规则变化 不可数名词:不可数名词的量 名词所有格 所有格的构成 所有格的用法 名词双重所有格 名词的句法作用:作主语、宾语、定语等名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。名词可数名词 个体名词:chair , book 集体名词:people , family不可数名词 物质名词:rain , ice , sunshine 抽象名词:love , knowledge考点一 名词的分类考 点二 名词的复数形式 - 2 - 3. 复合名词的复数形式有两种 (1将主体词变为复数,如: siste

2、r-in-law sisters-in-law(嫂子 boy classmate boy classmates(2将复合词中两个词都变为复数,此种复合词中第一个词须是 man 或 woman ,如: man worker men workerswoman teacher women teachers 4.特殊情况(1有些名词只有复数形式,如:clothes , shorts , pants , scissors(剪刀 , goods , glasses(眼镜 (2有些名词以 s 结尾,但不是复数形式,如: news , maths , physics , politics(3有些物质名词或抽象

3、名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义,如: room(空间 a room(房间 work(工作 works(著作 (4不可数名词的数量表达不可数名词本身不可数,但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量,如: a piece of bread/news/paper一片面包 /一条新闻 /一张纸 a cup of tea/coffee一杯茶 /一杯咖啡还可用 much , little , a little, a large amount of, some , any , no , lots of, plenty of等 来修饰不可数名词,如: much money, some milk(5数词+名词+形容词构

4、成的复合形容词,中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形 式,如: He is a four-year-old boy.他是个 4岁的男孩。(four-year-old 不能说成 four-years-olda five-foot-deep hole一个五英尺深的洞考 点三 名词所有格 1.表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式,在此名词词尾加 s ,或直接加 。(1单数名词加 s ,如:Marys book(2以 s 结尾的复数名词只加 ,不以 s 结尾的复数名词要加 s ,如:the three girls father 这三个女孩的父亲the childrens presents 孩子们的礼物(

5、3表示几个人共有,仅在最后一个人的名字后加 s ,表示各自所有时,需在各个名字后 加 s ,如:Mary and Janes car(她俩人共有的车 Marys and Janes cars(她俩各自的车 (4表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时,名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。如:the barbers=the barbers shop理发店to my aunts=to my aunts house到我姑姑家(5有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词,也可以加 s 构成所有 格。如:a weeks time 一周的时间Chinas population中国的人口two miles

6、 distance两英里的距离2.表示无生命的东西的所有格形式:名词+of +所有者,如:the name of the zoo动物园的名字the front wall of the classroom教室的前墙3.双重所有格:即 of +s 或 of +名词性物主代词,如:a book of my daughters 我女儿的一本书The friend of his is very kind.他的朋友非常友好。1.名词作主语名词在句中作的句子成分很多,但作主语尤为重要,应注意以下几种情况:(1一些以 s 结尾的名词。如:maths 、 physics 、 news 是单数或不可数名词,在句中

7、作主 语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式;但 trousers , shoes , glasses 等为复数概念,它们 在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但 a (thispair of +名词复数时,其主语是 a(thispair,故谓语动词应用单数形式。如:Physics is a new subject in Grade Two.物理在初二是一门新科目。My glasses are red. 我的眼镜是红色的。A new pair of pants is on the bed.床上有一条新短裤。(2表示时间、金钱、距离、价格等名词后加 s 作主语时,应视为一个整体,故谓语动词 用单数形

8、式。如:Twenty dollars is enough. 20美元足够了。Three months is a short time. 三个月很短。(3family, class , police 等作主语时,若表示整体概念,谓语动词用第三人称单数;当表 示其中的各个成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:Her family is moving to Liaoning next week.她家下周要搬到辽宁去。Her family are having supper now.她的家人正在吃晚饭。(4the+姓氏名词复数 (后加 s 表示“一家”或“夫妇”,在句中作主语时,谓 语动词应用复数形式。如:

9、The Greens are Americans.格林一家是美国人。(5neither+单数名词或 neither of+复数名词,在句中作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数 形式,如:Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。Neither of the boys often goes to the zoo on Sundays.星期天两个男孩都不经常去动物园。- 3 -(6主语后跟 with , except , together with, as well as等短语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语 保持一致,而不受这些短语的影响。如:Mr Li with his studen

10、ts is discussing the math problem.李老师和他的学生在讨论数学题。All the girls except Mary are drawing in the classroom.除了玛丽以外所有的女生都在教室里画画。(7兼有双重身份的人作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。A writer and worker often gives us a talk on Sundays.一位工人作家经常在星期天给我们做报告。(8主语和谓语的就近一致。就近一致即指谓语的人称和数与靠近它的那个主语保持一致。有下面几种情况:在 there be 句型中或以 here 开头的句子中,谓语

11、动词 be 应与后面的名词保持一致, 当后面的名词不止一个时, be 应和其最靠近的名词的人称和数保持一致。如:There are twenty-two boys and twenty girls in our class.我们班有 22名男生和 20名女生。There is a car and two jeeps behind the house.房子后有一辆小汽车和两辆吉普车。Here are two oranges and some milk.这里有两个橘子和一些牛奶。 either.or.(或 者 或 者 ; neither.nor.(既 不 也 不 ; .or.( 或 者 ; not

12、 only.but also.(不但而且 等平等结构,连接并列主语时谓语动词 的人 称和数应和与之靠近的一个主语保持一致。如:Either you or he has to go shopping this afternoon.今天下午或者是你或者是他必须去购物。Neither he nor we are students now.他和我们现在都不是学生了。both.and. 连接两个主语时,谓语用复数形式。如:Both he and she do well in English.他和她都擅长英语。2.名词作定语(1名词作定语,一般用单数形式。如:girl students(女学生 paper

13、 flowers(纸花 (2名词作定语时,个别情况用复数形式。如:sports meeting (运动会 一、单项选择 (31分 1. (2010安徽 Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now? Sorry, I know nothing about him. We are _.A . friends B . neighborsC . classmates D . strangers2. (2010河北 I dont think looking after children is just _ work.

14、A . woman B . womans C . women D . womens3. (2010武汉 Why are you still waiting in line? Ive missed my _.A . place B . order C . turn D . time4. (2010晋江 Lily has a silk _. Listen, she is singing in the next room! How nice!A . look B . noise C . voice- 4 - 5 -5. (2010咸宁 I hear you have to run for half

15、an hour every day. Right. It is one of the _ in my school. A . choices B . plans C . hobbies D . rules 6. (2010娄底 Its said that you have moved into a new house. Yeah, and we need to buy some _ in the mall nearby. A . food B . furniture C . hamburger 7. (2010内江 _ mothers cant go to the meeting, becau

16、se they have gone to New York on business. A . Alice and Lilys B . Alices and Lilys C . Alices and Lily8. (2010宜宾 When I was a student, I liked to sit in the front of the classroom so that I could see the words more clearly on the _. A . blackboard B . desk C . dictionary D . postcard 9. (2010重庆 Som

17、ething is wrong with my _. I cant see anything around me. A . nose B . ears C . eyes D . mouth 10. (2010义乌 The land in the southwest of China is in great need of _. Yes, it hasnt rained for a long time there. A . milk B . tea C . coffee D . water 11. (2010鸡西 Which is the mascot of Shanghai Expositio

18、n(世界博览会 ?A. B. C. 12. (2010广安 How far is your home from school? Its about two _ walk. A . hours B . hours C . hours13. (2010沈阳 Im not sure about the meaning of the word. Youd better look it up in a _.A . letter B . dictionary C . postcard D . notice 14. (2010沈阳 Whose computer doesnt work? _, I think

19、. A . John has B . John does C . John D . Johns 15. (2010襄樊 Whats your job, Henry? Im a _. I work late. Im very busy when people go out to dinners.A . waiter B . reporter C . teacher D . nurse 16. (2009中考变式题 You can get much _ about the world expo on the Internet. A . map B . picture C . ticket D .

20、information 17. (2009中考变式题 Lets get some _ about tourism on the Internet. A . information B . message C . invention 18. (2009中考变式题 Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do? Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. A . choice B . decision C . reason D . information 19. (2009中考变式题 G

21、ood morning, madam. Can I help you? Sure, Id like _ for cooking vegetables. A . two cups of tea B . three pieces of breadC . one bowl of dumplings D . five kilos of oil20. (2009中考变式题 I hear you have to get up early every morning. Right. Its one of the_ in my family.A . plans B . ordersC . rules D .

22、suggestions21. (2009中考变式题 Two_ died in the accident. _terrible it is!A . policemen; How B . policeman; WhatC . police; What D . policemans; How22. (2009中考变式题 Connie took off her_. She wanted to feel the grass with her feet.A . shoes and socks B . shirt and pantsC . cap and gloves D . sweater and jac

23、ket23. (2011中考预测题 Do you know the woman over there? Yes. Shes _aunt.A . Lily and Lucy B . Lilys and LucysC . Lilys and Lucy D . Lily and Lucys24. (2011中考预测题 After playing football for more than half an hour, the students took_ rest.A . a few minutes B . a few minutesC . a little minutes D . a little

24、 minutes25. (2011中考预测题 Where are the_? They are playing_ basketball on the playground.A . man teachers; the B . men teachers; theC . man teachers; / D . men teachers; /26. (2011中考预测题 Betty has a beautiful_. She can sing very well.A . voice B . look C . sound D . smell27. (2011中考预测题 Oh, there isnt en

25、ough_ for us on the bus. No hurry. Lets wait for the next one.A . floor B . ground C . room D . place28. (2011中考预测题 What _ do you have for Paul? I think he should study harder than before.A . news B . advice C . help D . information29. (2011中考预测题 Well, you look so happy! Because I got a good _.A . w

26、ork B . news C . job30. (2011中考预测题 I saw many _ eating grass on the hill.A . horse B . cow C . rabbit D . sheep31. (2011中考预测题 Its hot. Lets have some _.A . wine B . porridgeC . ice cream D . strawberries考 点一 定冠词的用专题 2 冠 词单数可数名词前一 定要用 冠词 a (n 泛指单一,每一,任一事物 指类别the 特 指 上文提到过的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物 说话双方所默认的

27、人或事物 世上独一无二的事物 指类别复数可数 名词,不可数名词前the 特指 上文提到的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物 说话双方所默认的人或事物零冠词 泛指的人或事物 指类别定冠词 the 与指示代词 this , that 同源,有“那 (这 个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名 词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。 1.特指双方都明白的人或物。 Take the medicine.把药吃了。 2.上文提到过的人或事。He bought a house. Ive been to the house. 他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。3.指世上独一无二的事物或用于对两个人或事物比较时起特

28、指作用的比较级前。 He is the taller of the two boys.两个男孩中他较高点。 the fox (狐狸 , the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth4.与单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar“美元”;或与形容词或分词连用表示 一类人,如:the rich“富人”; the living“生者”。5.用在序数词和形容词最高级及形容词 only, very, same 等前面。 Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。Thats the very

29、thing Ive been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。6.与复数名词连用,指整个群体。They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师 他们是这个学校的全体老师。They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师 他们是这个学校的老师。7.表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前。 She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂。8.用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前。 the Peoples Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the

30、 United States 美国9.用在表示西洋乐器的名词之前,但中国乐器前不加 the 。 play the piano 弹钢琴10.用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”。 the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇 11.用在惯用语中。in the morning/afternoon/evening, in the end, by the way, at the age of, at the moment等。 12.用于方向名词或表示江河、山脉、海峡等专有地理名称前。 in the southeast of, at the back of, the Red Sea13

31、.用在逢十的复数名词前,表示年代,也指人的大约岁数。 The young girl is in the twenties. 这个年轻的女孩大约二十几岁。 The war broke out in the forties. 这场战争发生在 40年代。考 点二 不定冠词的用1.不定冠词用来表示“一”这个数量,其意思和 “one” 差不多。 What can I do for you, madam?要点什么,女士? I want an orange skirt for my daughter.我想为我女儿买条橘黄色的裙子。2.泛指人或事物的某一类,尤其是作表语时要用 a +单数名词,而不用 the

32、+单数名 词。The dog is an honest animal to human beings.狗是对人类忠诚的动物。3.用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前,有“每一”之义,相当于 every 。 How much is the meat? 肉多少钱? Its eight yuan a kilo. 8块钱每公斤。4.泛指某人或某物。A boy is looking at you. 一个男孩在看你。5.用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一份,一场”等。Would you like a drink? 你想喝杯饮料吗?There will be a heavy rain tomorrow

33、. 明天将会有大雨。6.用于可视为一体的两个名词前。a knife and fork 一副刀叉7.用于某些习语中,如:a little/few/bit, in a hurry, catch a cold, have a good time, have a rest=rest , after a while, in a word8.用于固定结构后,如:quite/half/rather/many/such+a(an+名词Hes quite a famous artist. 他是个很有名的艺术家。Many a man would welcome such an opportunity.许多人会很高

34、兴有这样一个机会。考 点三 零冠词的用1.在专有名词前不加冠词,如国名、省名、城市名、街名、公园名等。Sanya is in Hainan Province. 三亚在海南省。We live in China. 我们住在中国。2.一日三餐、球类运动和学科前不加冠词。He went to school without breakfast this morning.早上他没吃早饭就去上学了。They like playing football after school.他们喜欢放学后踢足球。I like English very much. 我非常喜欢英语。3.表示节日、季节、星期、月份的名词前不加

35、冠词,但若特指某年的某月、某季节, 则需要在月份、季节前加 the 。Today is Friday /July 14th. 今天是星期五 /7月 14日。It is summer now. 现在是夏天。Yesterday was March 8th, Womens Day.昨天是 3月 8日妇女节。4.表示称呼或头衔的名词前,不加冠词。This is Professor Wang. 这是王教授。He is captain of the team. 他是队长。5.在有物主代词、不定代词、指示代词等作定语的名词前,不用冠词。His birthday is September 8th. 他的生日是

36、 9月 8日。How much are these shoes? 这些鞋多少钱?6.不可数名词前一般不用冠词。Which does he like better, fish or chicken? 他更喜欢哪一个,鱼还是鸡? 7.泛指的复数名词前不用冠词。Animals live in the forest. 动物生活在树林里。8.与 by 连用的交通工具前不用冠词,但与 take 或介词连用时,名词前要加冠词。 They often go to school by bus. 他们通常做公共汽车去上学。 take a bus, in a boat, on the bike9.在某些固定的词组或

37、习语中,不用冠词。face to face , watch TV , step by step , at first/last, in trouble/danger, on/in time , go to school/work, at noon/night特别提醒:1.不定冠词 a/an的区别a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前, an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前,判断一个单词是元 音开头还是辅音开头,要根据其读音,而不是根据首字母。如: an honest boy, a useful book There is an “f” in the word “five”. 在 “five” 中有字母 “

38、f” 。我们可以这样来记忆:不见元音不加 an ,不看字母看发音。(1在 26个字母中,前面用 an 的字母有:a , e , f , h , i , l , m , n , o , r , s , x ,其他用 a 。(2以 u 开头的单词,要注意区别。如:an umbrella, an unusual story, an unhappy boy, a university, a useful book 2.有定冠词与无定冠词的区别 (1go to school上学 (是学生 go to the school到学校去 (不一定是学生 (2go to bed就寝,上床睡觉 go to the

39、bed向床边走去,走到床前 (不一定是去睡觉 (3in hospital因病住院in the hospital在医院里 (不一定是病人 (4at table吃饭 at the table在桌子旁边(5 at school在上学 at the school在学校里 (6in class在上课in the class在班级里(7in future今后 in the future将来(8in front of在 (外部的 前面 in the front of在 (内部的 前面(9 next year明年 the next year第二年 (10by sea 乘船 by the sea在海边(11in

40、 bed(睡、病、躺 在床上 in the bed(某物 在床上(12on earth究竟 on the earth在地球上3.序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别“ the +序数词”表示“第几”;“ a +序数词”表示“又一,再一”。如:The cake is delicious,蛋糕很好吃,我想再吃一块。4. a number of与 the number of的辨析a number of 意思是“许多”,相当于 a lot of; the number of意思是“的数目, 的数量”,当它作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:A number of students like playing

41、 computer games.许多学生喜欢玩电脑游戏。The number of the students is about 1,500 in our school.我们学校学生的人数大约是 1 500。5.在句型“动词+人+介词+the +人体部位”中要用 the ,而不用物主代词。如: take sb. by the hand 抓住某人的手hit sb. on the head打某人的头pat sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩hit sb. in the face打某人的脸6.当名词被其他词修饰时,不定冠词 a 或 an 的位置应注意:(1当名词被 such , half

42、 , what , many 修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。如:He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.他离开得如此匆忙以至于忘了关门。It took me half an hour to write the letter.写那封信花了我半个小时。(但在美国,半个小时也可以说成 a half hour。 What an interesting book it is!这是多么有趣的一本书啊!Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.许多人到大城市去打工了。(2当名词前面

43、的形容词前有 so , how , too 等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词后。如: She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.她是如此好的一个女孩,她把那位盲人带到了车站。How nice a film this is! 这是多么好看的一部电影啊!(3当名词前面有形容词和 quite , rather 或 very 时,不定冠词置于 quite 或 rather 之后, very 之前。如:quite a good book, rather a useful tool, a very interesting

44、 story1. (2010广安 Do you know Meimei? Yes, she is from a university and she is _ honest girl.A . a B . an C . /2. (2010自贡 What would you like for _ breakfast, Mr. Green? Two pieces of bread and _ cup of tea, please.A . a; the B . /; a C . /; the3. (2010晋江 There are sixty minutes in _ hour.A . a B . a

45、n C . the4. (2010衢州 Many people think that 2012 is one of _ most successful films. A . a B . an C . the D . /5. (2010鸡西 If you work hard, youll get _ “A” in the exam.A . a B . an C . the6. (2010泰安 Whats _ most useful invention in the 20th century? _ computer, I think.A . the; A B . a; AC . the; The

46、D . /; The7. (2010龙岩 Is there _ clock in your room? Yes, there is.A . a B . an C . the8. (2010定西 They often take _ walk after dinner.A . a B . C . the D . an9. (2010菏泽 May I have a look at _ book tonight? Of course, you can. I have _ old one at home.A . the; a B . a; theC . the; an D . the; the10. (

47、2010长沙 My sister can play _ violin very well.A . the B . a C . /11. (2010淮安 Look! There is _ map of China on the wall.A . a B . an C . the D . /12. (2010扬州 Look! Whats that moving high up in _ sky? It must be _ plane.A . a; the B . the; /C . the; a D . /; a13. (2010南京 There is _ local shop for peopl

48、e to buy daily things in the small village.A . a B . an C . the D . /14. (2010铜仁 Have you found _ address that you wanted? Yes. Its Mr Wang268.A . a B . an C . the D . /15. (2010潍坊 Avatar(阿凡达 is such _ wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it _ second time.A . a; a B . a; theC . /; the

49、D . /; a16. (2010河南 Shall we pay _ visit to Expo 2010, Shanghai? No , Id rather stay at home and play _ football.A a; the B . the ; aC . /; the D . a; /17. (2009中考变式题 Jack likes playing _ soccer, but he doesnt like playing _ piano.A . /; / B . the; / C . the; the D . /; the18. (2009中考变式题 Look! _ man

50、 over there is Li Les father.A . An B . A C . The19. (2009中考变式题 The doctor advises me to eat _ apple a day.A . a B . an C . the D . /20. (2009中考变式题 Do you know the story of Goldilaks and the Three Bears? Yes, I do. Its _ interesting story.A . a B . an C . the D . /21. (2009中考变式题 Do you play _ piano

51、in your free time? No, I like sports. I often play _ soccer with my friends.A . /; the B . the; /C . the; the D . a; a22. (2009中考变式题 Theres _ 800-metre-long road behind _ hospital. A . an; an B . a; aC . an; the D . a; the23. (2009中考变式题 I hope we can fly to _ moon one day.A . a B . an C . the D . /2

52、4. (2009中考变式题 Its not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break.A . a; a B . the; theC . a; the D . the; a25. (2009中考变式题 How about _ charity show? I should say it was _ success.A . the; a B . the; /C . a; a D . a; /26. (2009中考变式题 After school we usually play _ basketball for half an hour o

53、n _ playground.A . the; the B . /; /C . /; the D . the; /27. (2009中考变式题 What should I buy for Toms birthday? How about _ camera? He loves taking photos?A . a B . an C . the D . /28. (2009中考变式题 How was _ dinner at Mikes house? It was great. Mikes mum is _ wonderful cook.A . a; the B . the; aC . the; the D . a; an29. (2009中考变式题 There is _ umbrella near the window.A . the B . an C . a30. (2009中考变式题 How do you go to _ work? I usually take _ bus.A . the; a B . /; aC . a; a D . the; /31. (2009中考变式题 We can see _ full moon on the evening of August _ 15th every year.A . the; a B . a; a