



下载本文档
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
1、上海高考英语新题型之概要写作澄衷高级中学孙吉从2017年起,上海英语高考试卷的题型将面临许多调整,其中之一便是增加了概要写作(Summarywriting),也有许多人将之称为小作文”。概要写作分值占据15分,考查的是考生阅读和写作的综合能力。概要写作所给定的语篇一般在200-250字,内容丰富多样,包含故事、时政、科普等,体裁以记叙文、说明文为主,字数一般要求在50-60字,答案尽量符合“Keypointsofasummary勺要求。一.正确认识概要写作1. Definitionofsummarywritincj(概要写作的定义)Bysummary,wemeanabriefrestateme
2、nt,inyourownwords,ofthecontentofapassage,anarticle,achapterorabook.2. Keypointsofasummary(概要写作的要点)Conciseness简要性):Omitunnecessarydetailslikeexamples,explanationsandotherunimportantinformation.Length:1/4-1/3oftheoriginaltext.Completeness完整性):Toincludeallthemainandsupportingpointsdeliveredinyouownword
3、sinacondensedmanner.Accuracy(准确性):Togivethesameattentionandstresstothepointsastheauthordoes.Coherence(连贯性):Ratherthananoutlinelistedaskeywordsandphrases,asummaryisaparagraphwithnecessarytransitionsandfunctionstructurestomakeitflow.Objectivity(客观性):Donotincludeyourownideasoremotionsonthetopic.Thesumm
4、aryshouldreflectthecontentoftheoriginalpassageonly.3. Stepstowriteasummary(概要写作的步骤)1) Skimthetexttofindoutthegeneraltheme.2) Analyzethetextsstructuretodivideitintoseveralsections,findoutthemainideaofeachsectionandwriteitoutbrieflywithyourownwords.(onesentence)3) Writedownthekeysupportingpointsforeac
5、hmainideawithoutinvolvingminordetails.4) Organizethemainandrelatedsupportingpointsinalogicalorderwithnecessarytransitionstoachievecoherence.5) Proofreadforgrammatical,spellingandpunctuationmistakes.4. Beginningofasummary(概要写作的开头)Beginyoursummarywith:*Theauthorsname*Thearticlesorchaptersname*Theautho
6、rsthesisstatemengeneraloverview(survey)ofthearticle.TheBody:Firstofall,theauthordescribesHethenpointsoutthatInaddtion,theauthortalksaboutFinally,theauthorsuggestsSomeotherintroductoryphrases:*(Theauthor)statesin(thisarticle)that*(Theauthor),in(thisarticle)showsthat*In(thisarticle),(theauthor)writest
7、hat*As(theauthor)saysin(thisarticle),*Themainideaof(theauthorsarticle)is*Theauthorbelieves(holds;maintains;claims;argues;pointsout;suggests;proposes)that+clause*Theauthortalksabout(explains;describes;reveals;discusses;focuseson)+n.二.记叙文概要写作要点点拨记叙文体的阅读材料,相比其他文体而言,写概要相对容易。在写概要前,除明确文章主题外,还应抓住六个要素:when,
8、where,who,what,why,how。在这六个要素中,所占内容比重最大的是what。一般来说,记叙文的故事概要可以用这样的模板来表示:Whodidwhatbybecause当然,不是说每个故事概要都包含how或why,有时两者选其一即可。下文是课堂训练的一个例子:DirectionsPleasereadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofitinnomorethan60wordsItookatriptoabiglakeinIndonesiawithmyfamilytwoyearsago.Itwasreallyahugelakewithbeautif
9、ulsceneryallaround.Peoplewereamazedbytheendlessviewinfrontofoureyes.Lateron,unlikeothergirls,Ivolunteeredtogowater-skiingalone.Iputonthelifejacket,gotonthemotorboatimmediatelyandstartedmyengineassoonaspossible.Thelakeseemedbroadandendless.Iwassothrilled(激动)toenjoymytripamongthemountainsandwatersthat
10、Ispedmymotorboat.Then,aftersometime,Ifoundmyselfinthemiddleoftheendlesslake.Asuddenfearcamearoundme.IdidntknowwhereIwasorevenhowfarIhadgonefromtheshore.Whatwasworse,itbegantorainanditbecameverycoldandfoggy.Irodeeverywherebutcouldnndtmywayback.Itwasuselessformetocryorshoutforhelp.IwassoterrifiedthatI
11、begantothinkaboutallkindsofhorriblethings.Afterfloatingonthewaterhelplesslyandhopelesslyforalongtime,suddenlyIheardsomeonecallingmyname.Soon,abigsteamboatsailedtomeandtheypulledmeuptothedeckandaskedmeifIwashurt.Icouldntsayawordbutcriedinmyfathersarms.材料分析:根据文本内容,这是一篇故事类的记叙文,要求对其进行概要写作。因此,我们先找出记叙文的六要
12、素:WhentwoyearsagoWhereatriptoabiglakeinIndonesiaWhoT,thewriterWhatgotlost;wasfoundWhygowater-skiingalone;toothrilledResultfathercametoherrescue列出了要点之后,我们就可以用自己的话将要点组织起来,概括成一段约50词的通顺概要:Thepassagetellsusthewritersexperienceofadventure.Oncethewriterwasonatriptoalakewhereshewentwater-skiingalone.Shewass
13、oexcitedandenjoyedherselfthatsoonshegotlost.Fortunately,herfatherfinallycametoherrescue.(44words)三.说明文概要写作要点点拨说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类:现象揭示类:Thearticlepointsoutthecommonphenomenon(主题),which(补充解释)利弊对比类:Thearticlecomparesthedisadvantages/benefitsofAandB.AwhileBThepassagediscussestheimpactofsth.Ontheposit
14、iveside,,butitmayalso研究显示类:ThestudyrevealsthatThepurposeofthereportistoshowthat下文是课堂训练的一个例子:DirectionsPleasereadthefollowingpassageandwriteasummaryofitinnomorethan60wordsAlargesourceofrubbishispackagingmaterial.Itoftenmakesupmorethan30percentofthetotal.Tounderstandwhythisistrue,thinkofthepackagingco
15、mmonlyusedforasimpleproduct,suchastoothpaste.Thepackagingincludesnotonlythetubeforthetoothpaste,butalsotheboxforthetube.Thisboxisputintoaplasticwrapper.Then,theboxesaretransportedinacardboardcontainer.Mostpackagingmaterialendsupinalandfillafteritisthrownaway.Thoughnecessary,landfillstakeupvaluablesp
16、ace,oftenstink(发出恶臭),andcanleakharmfulsubstancesintothesoil.Landfillsnotincluded,theproductionofpackagingmaterialitselfisamajorsourceofairandwaterpollution.Peoplearenowtryingtosolvetheproblemscausedbypackagingmaterials.In1991,Germanytooktheleadbyrequiringcompaniestorecyclethepackagingusedfortheirgoo
17、ds.Todothis,thecompaniessetuprecyclingbinsineveryneighborhood.Consumersnowseparatetheirrubbishintothreecategoriesmetal,plasticandpapercartons.Theythenputitintotheappropriatebin.Therubbishsorted,itistransportedtoarecyclingcompanyforprocessing.Theprogrammeworkedwellatfirst.However,theamountofrubbishha
18、sbeguntoincreaseagain.Onereasonforthisisthatmanyconsumersnolongerreducewastebecausetheythinktheproblemissolved.Itseemsthattoproperlydealwiththeproblemofrubbish,everyonemustremainalertanddotheirpart.材料分析:根据文本内容,这是一篇讲包装材料所带来的问题的说明文,要求对其进行概要写作。因此,我们必须首先弄清每一段落的主要内容是什么。第一段开头第一句话“Alargesourceofrubbishispa
19、ckagngmaterial.Itoftenmakesupmorethan30percentofthetotal是段落的中心旬,同时也点明了文章的主题,后面就在以牙膏为例进行举例说明。第二段主要讲的是包装材料所带来的问题,主要包括两方面,一是垃圾进入填埋场后所造成的污染;二是这些包装材料在生产过程中会产生对空气和水的污染。第三段主要在讲人们正在采取措施解决包装材料所带来的问题,其中第句Peoplearenowtryingtosolvetheproblemscausbypackagingmaterials.是段落的中心旬,后面就在用德国的事情举例说明,政府、制造商和个人采取的措施试图解决包装材料
20、带来的污染问题。第四段开头的however至关重要,说明德国的方法尽管起到了一定的作用,但包装材料的污染仍然是一个大问题,我们绝不能放松警惕。弄清了每段的主要内容后,我们就按照概要写作的几个原则对其进行连接,在连接段落时需要添加必要的连接词使其通顺连贯即可:Thearticlepointsouttheproblemofpackaging.Aboutonethirdofrubbishresultsfromthepackagingmaterials,whichcausedamagetotheenvironmentduringtheirproductionandafterendinginlandfi
21、lls.Thoughtheprogramscarriedouttocombattheproblemaretemporarilysuccessful,theproblemremainsagreatconcern.(50words)四.小试牛刀Readthefollowingparagraphsanduseonesentenceorphrasetowritethesummaryofeachparagraph.1. AnIowahighschoolcounselorgetsacallfromaparentprotestingtheCherchildreceivedonanassignment.“Th
22、eparentarguedeverypointintheessay,thecounselor,whosoonrealizedwhythemotherwassodisappointedaboutthegrade.“Itbecameapparentthatshedwrittenit.”2. Inasurvey,90%ofnewteachersagreedthatinvolvingparentsintheirchildreneducationisapriorityattheirschoolbutonly25%describedtheirexperienceworkingwithparentsas“v
23、erysatisfyingWhenaskedtochoosethebiggestchallengetheyface,31%ofthemquotedinvolvingparentsandcommunicatingwiththemastheirtopchoice.73%ofnewteacherssaidtoomanyparentstreatschoolsandteachersasenemies.3. Atatimewhencompetitionisrisingandresourcesarelimited,whenbattlesovertestingforceschoolstoadjusttheirpriorities,whencellphoneande-mailspeeduptheinformationflowandallkindsofprivateghostsandpublicquarrelsslipintotheparent弋e
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 陕煤招待管理办法
- 高级病房管理办法
- 煤矿通防现场管理课件
- 云资源使用管理办法
- 高项沟通管理办法
- 法律服务所管理办法
- 人员进出洞管理办法
- 珠海流浪汉管理办法
- 集体供暖管理办法
- 样板管理办法及流程
- 贵州旅投集团考试真题
- DL∕T 806-2013 火力发电厂循环水用阻垢缓蚀剂
- DL∕ T 748.3-2001 火力发电厂锅炉机组检修导则 第3部分阀门与汽水管道系统检修
- 初中必背古诗61首
- 沪教版一年级下册数学口算题大全带答案
- 电力行业标准《能源量测监控系统 第5部分:通信协议-数据交换协议》
- 2023年广西中医药大学赛恩斯新医药学院招聘考试真题
- 网络安全预警与监控培训
- 《气胸护理查房》课件
- 村级维稳应急预案
- 乡村振兴背景下广西农村产业振兴的问题及策略
评论
0/150
提交评论