循环流化床原理及运行

1、按用途按用途purposepurpose 电站锅炉电站锅炉power plant boiler:power plant boiler:发电发电electricity generationelectricity generation 工业锅炉工业锅炉Industry boiler:Industry boiler:工业生产工业生产 Industrial production Industrial production 生活锅炉生活锅炉boiler for living:boiler for living:采暖和热水供应采暖和热水供应 heating and hot heating and hot

2、water supply water supply 按结构按结构structurestructure 火管锅炉火管锅炉 fire tube boiler:fire tube boiler:烟气在管内烟气在管内流过流过 flue gas flow through tubeflue gas flow through tube 水管锅炉水管锅炉water tube boiler:water tube boiler:汽水在管内流汽水在管内流过过 steam water flow through tubesteam water flow through tube 按燃烧方式按燃烧方式burning bu

3、rning 火床燃烧锅炉火床燃烧锅炉 fire bed fire bed burning boilerburning boiler火室燃烧锅炉火室燃烧锅炉 fire fire chamber burning boilerchamber burning boiler旋风燃烧锅炉旋风燃烧锅炉 cyclone cyclone burning boilerburning boiler流化床燃烧锅炉流化床燃烧锅炉 fluidized bed burning fluidized bed burning boilerboiler按循环方式按循环方式circulating circulating 自然循环锅炉

4、自然循环锅炉natural circulating boiler:natural circulating boiler: 控制循环锅炉控制循环锅炉controlled circulation boiler :controlled circulation boiler :直流锅炉直流锅炉once through boiler:once through boiler: 具有锅筒，利用下降管和上升管中工质密度差产生工质循环，具有锅筒，利用下降管和上升管中工质密度差产生工质循环，只能在临界压力以下应用只能在临界压力以下应用. With drum. Use the medium density . Wi

5、th drum. Use the medium density difference inside downcomerdifference inside downcomer and riser to create circulation. and riser to create circulation. This type is applicable for boilers below critical pressure.This type is applicable for boilers below critical pressure. 无锅筒，给水靠水泵压头一次通过受热面，适用于各种压无

6、锅筒，给水靠水泵压头一次通过受热面，适用于各种压力。力。Without drum, feedwaterWithout drum, feedwater through heating surface one through heating surface one time by water pump head. This type is applicable for time by water pump head. This type is applicable for boilers with all pressure.boilers with all pressure. 在循环回路的下降管与

7、上升管之间设置循环泵用以辅助水在循环回路的下降管与上升管之间设置循环泵用以辅助水循环并作强制流动，又称辅助循环锅炉。循环并作强制流动，又称辅助循环锅炉。 Circulated pump is Circulated pump is arranged between downcomerarranged between downcomer and riser to support water and riser to support water circulation and force flow. This type is also called circulation and force flo

8、w. This type is also called auxiliary circulation boiler.auxiliary circulation boiler.按出按出工质压力工质压力outlet medium pressureoutlet medium pressure 常压锅炉常压锅炉: :表压为零表压为零 normal pressure boiler: gauge pressure is normal pressure boiler: gauge pressure is 0 0微压锅炉微压锅炉: :表压为几十个表压为几十个PaPa micro pressure boiler:

9、 gauge pressure is micro pressure boiler: gauge pressure is dozens of padozens of pa低压锅炉低压锅炉: :压力一般压力一般1.275MPa1.275MPa low pressure boiler: usually pressure low pressure boiler: usually pressure 1.275MPa27 MPa27 MPa super-super critical pressure super-super critical pressure boiler: usually pressur

10、e 27MPaboiler: usually pressure 27MPa旋风筒入口速度旋风筒旋流数旋风筒直径旋风分离器进口宽xrCcqgxrcqljwNNDBBNwBd; 5,)(25. 0,2905 . 0./,;25.02 .0)(;563.044.0)(;/,000kgkgDbkDakskgGwkkGDbaygxrbay度进分离器的气固质量浓分离器入口宽分离器入口高进旋风分离器的烟气量图图5104 典型的回料装置典型的回料装置 typical material return device （a）L型阀型阀 L-type valve；(b) U阀阀 U-type valve；（；（c）V

11、型阀型阀V-type valveD(ij-is)-D(ib-is)BQydw16. 19)273(01276. 0exp(1077. 8pbpdT 煤粒径 165.47127.73.74.0557.1640.9425.5811.4580089.4267.4939.1230.2021.1313.516.0585046.1935.6620.6715.6911.437.143.2090024.4318.8010.928.436.033.771.6995010.08.05.04.03.02.01.0 (mm) T() (min)ppppp 从800升高到950时，碳粒子的燃烬时间缩短6倍左右 to 9

12、50 , the burnout time of carbon particles shortens around 6 times. 当燃烧温度从870提高燃烧温度（）到920，燃烧温度增加50时，锅炉燃烧效率提高了2个百分点左右. When burning temp rises from 870 to 920 , the 50 increase can improve boiler burning efficiency around 2%.燃烧温度burning temp. （）当燃烧温度从当燃烧温度从900提高到提高到950时，时，飞灰含碳量从飞灰含碳量从22.5%降到降到10%左右，左右

13、，降低了降低了12.5个百分点。燃烧温度提个百分点。燃烧温度提高高1，飞灰含碳量降低，飞灰含碳量降低0.25个百分个百分点。点。When burning temp rises from 900 to 950 , carbon content in fly ash decreases from 22.5% to around 10%, with decrease of 12.5%. So, 1 burning temp increases, 0.25% carbon content in fly ash decreases.分离灰循环倍率为分离灰循环倍率为5时，飞灰含碳量时，飞灰含碳量12.5%

14、左右左右 when circulation ratio of separating ash is 5, carbon content in fly ash is around 12.5%.分离灰循环倍率从分离灰循环倍率从3提高到提高到4，飞灰含碳，飞灰含碳量降低约量降低约2.5个百分点个百分点.when circulation ratio of separating ash rises from 3 to 4, carbon content in fly ash reduces around 2.5%.从从7提高到提高到8时，降低了时，降低了1个百分点。个百分点。 when circulati

15、on ratio rises from 7 to 8, carbon content reduces 1%.从从14 提高到提高到18时，只降低了时，只降低了0.5个百分个百分点。点。when circulation ratio rises from 14 to 18, carbon content reduces 0.5%.分离灰循环倍率在分离灰循环倍率在2-6之间变化，对飞灰之间变化，对飞灰含碳量的影响是最有效的。含碳量的影响是最有效的。When circulation ratio of separating ash changes in 2-6, its effect on carbon content in fly ash in most effective. 燃烧室深度(m)(左为前墙方向) furnace depth (m) (left is front wall direction前墙缺氧：回料管给煤，煤燃烧消耗了氧气；front wall shortage of oxygen: coal feeding by material return pipe, coal burning c