中考话题分类复习-科普知识与现代技术

1、话题十二话题十二科普知识与现代技术科普知识与现代技术Popular Science and Modern TechnologyTopicUnitFunctionStructuresLife in the future8A Unit7Will people have robots?Make predictions1. Future with will2,Quantities with more,less,fewerThings made in China9 Unit5What are the shirts made of?Talk about what products are made of

2、and where they were made.Passive voice(Present tense)Inventions9 Unit6When was it invented?Talk aout the history of inventionsPassive voice(Past tense)常用词汇分析、讲解be made of “由由.制成制成” 能看出原材料，强调物理变化能看出原材料，强调物理变化 be made from “由由.制成制成”不能看出原材料，强调化学变化不能看出原材料，强调化学变化 be made into “被制成被制成.” 后接成品，强调被制成什么成品后接成品

3、，强调被制成什么成品 be made by “被被.制造制造” 后接制作人，强调制作人是谁后接制作人，强调制作人是谁 be made in “在在.制造制造” 强调物品的产地强调物品的产地widely adv. 广泛地；普遍地广泛地；普遍地produce v. 生产；制造；出产生产；制造；出产 production nas far as I knowavoid v. 避免；回避避免；回避 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事避免做某事everyday adj. 每天的；日常的每天的；日常的&every daycomplete v. 完成完成 . have a point 有道理

4、有道理doubt v.怀疑，疑虑怀疑，疑虑doubt+宾语从句宾语从句 （1）在否定句和疑问句中，）在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接后面接that引引导的宾语从句。导的宾语从句。I dont doubt that he can finish the task on time. （2）在肯定句中，）在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接后面一般接whether或或if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句。 I doubt whether they can swim across the river. 在肯定句中，在肯定句中，doubt后面也可以接后面也可以接that引导的引导的宾语从句，但表示疑虑较大或宾

5、语从句，但表示疑虑较大或“不相信不相信”。I doubt that he will come. 我看他未必会来。我看他未必会来。take place&happendivide v. 分开；分散分开；分散 divide into 把把分开；分散分开；分散the number&a number oflook up toachieve ones dream&dreams come turestop/keep/prevent sb. from doing sth. 一、被动语态一、被动语态当主语为动作的当主语为动作的执行者执行者时时, 谓语的形式为谓语的形式为主动主动语态语态;

6、 当主语为动作的当主语为动作的承受者承受者时时, 谓语要用谓语要用被动被动语态。语态。Passive voice被动语态由被动语态由“be+V3”构成。与主动语态构成。与主动语态一样，被动语态也有一样，被动语态也有时态、人称和数时态、人称和数的变的变化。化。二、被动语态的构成二、被动语态的构成Many people speak English. 主动句与被动句之间的转换主动句与被动句之间的转换English is spoken by many people.主语主语 谓语动词主动语态的过去式谓语动词主动语态的过去式 宾语宾语主语主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词介

7、词+ 宾语宾语1.People play football all over the world.2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. Football is played all over the world by people.A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday.The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully. Write

8、the sentences using passive voice主动句变为被动句所遵循的主动句变为被动句所遵循的4个步骤：个步骤：1. 把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。2. 把动词变为被动形式即把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。保持不变。3. 原主动句的主语如需要则放在原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格后面以它的宾格 形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4. 其它的成分（定语、状语）

9、不变。其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。被动语态的运用被动语态的运用:（1） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没不知道谁是动作的执行者或没 有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. 这座房子太旧了，它是这座房子太旧了，它是1950年建的。年建的。When will the road be opened to traffic? 这条路什么时候通车这条路什么时候通车?（2） 需要强调动作的对象需要强调动作的对象即宾语即宾语时时。 Calculator cant be used in the math

10、exam. 计算器不能用于数学考试。计算器不能用于数学考试。 He was awarded first prize in that contest. 他在比赛中得了第一。他在比赛中得了第一。 有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者,这时也常用被动语态。这时也常用被动语态。The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. 新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。You are requested to give a performance. 请你给我

11、们表演一个节目。请你给我们表演一个节目。（3） 主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语含有双宾语，即直接宾语(常指事物常指事物)和间和间接宾语接宾语(常指人常指人)的句子，每个宾语都可变的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack tells us the truth.We are told the truth by Jack. The truth is told (to) us by Jack. He gives me the

12、football. (改成被动语态改成被动语态)I _ _ the football by him.The football _ _ _ me by him.to 七七“给给”一一“带带”give pass lend write show send hand;bringfor“买，画，制作买，画，制作”buy draw makeamgivenisgivento 动词的动词的主动形式表示被动主动形式表示被动之意之意 1). 系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有：之意。常见的系动词有： be动词动词, look, seem, appear,

13、feel, sound, smell, taste等等 It smells terrible. 2).下列动词下列动词(词组词组)没有被动式：没有被动式： happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, take An accident happened yesterday. notice3). 不及物动词不及物动词sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。被动意义。 This book sells well. 这本书畅销。这本书畅

14、销。 The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。这种布很容易洗。 基本句型运用一）一）The history of invention（发明史）（发明史）1._tea_(bring) to Korea? It_Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.2.Who_the special shoes_（被发明）（被发明）? They_（被发明）（被发明）Julie Thompson.3.Tea,_（最受欢迎的）（最受欢迎的）drink in the world,was invented_（意外地）（意外地）.When was

15、broughtwas brought towereinvented bywere invented bythe most popularby accident4.Its_(use) serving really cold ice cream.5.Today,sky lanterns _(use)at festivals and other celebrations.They_（make）of bamboo and covered with paper. They_(see) as bright symbols of happiness and good wishes.6.Paper cutti

16、ng_(be)around for over 1500 years.During the Spring Festival, they_(put)on windows,doors and walls as_(象征象征)of wishes for good luck and a happy new year.used forare usedare madeare seenhas beenare putsymbols二）二）Inventions and technological advances（发明（发明与技术）与技术）7.Why do you think the zipper is_(如此伟大

17、的发明如此伟大的发明)？Think about how often it_in our daily life.You can see zippers almost everywhere.三）三）Predictions about the future life（对未来生活（对未来生活的的8.What will the future_?such a great inventionwas usedlikeI think_(将来将来有有)more polluted and there will be f_ trees.I dont agree_you.I think cities will be l

18、_polluted and there will be m_and m_ trees around us.9.What will robots be like in the future? They_(将会将会) very human-like. And at some point,they will even_(能够能够)think like human.there will beewerwithessoreorewill bebe able to10._people use money_100 years? Yes,they_./No,they_.11.Kids will study at home_computer. They w_go to school.12._(将来有将来有) world peace？ Yes，I hope so.Willin willwonton ontWill there be请用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。请用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。1. The computer gameTraveling in Fairy Tales _( design) by Ja