膨胀型阻燃剂

1、Key Role of Reinforcing Structures in the FlameRetardant Performance of Self-ReinforcedPolypropylene Composites KatalinKatalin BoczBocz , , DnielDniel Simon , Simon , TamsTams BrnyBrny and and GyrgyGyrgy MarosiMarosiPolymers 2016, 8(8), 289; doi:10.3390/polym8080289contentsPART 01PART 01PART PART 02

2、02PART PART 0303PART PART 0404PART PART 0505BackgroundBackgroundIntroductionIntroductionMaterials and MethodsMaterials and MethodsResults and DiscussionResults and DiscussionConclusionsConclusions01PART ONEBackground0101Reinforced compositesWhat is reinforced composites ?PolymerFibres reinorced comp

3、ositesmatrixmatrix reinforcementsreinforcements Strengthen Strengthen the the strength and hardness strength and hardness of polymersof polymersdeformation Plasticity High modulus high strength0101Reinforced compositesWhat is reinorced composites ?e.g.e.g.PPglass fibreglass fibre reinforced PP 0101R

4、einforced composites Reinorced composites DisadvantagesDisadvantagesThe existence of interface influence the mechanical propertiesThe existence of interface influence the mechanical propertiesReduce the transparency of the composites Reduce the transparency of the composites Poor liquidity Poor liqu

5、idity , ,difficult to processingdifficult to processingDifficult Difficult to to recycle recycle How to eliminate those disadvantages？FF0101Self-reinforced composites (SRCs) What is self reinorced composites ?PolymerPolymerfibres Self reinorced compositesMatrixMatrixReinforcementsReinforcementshigh-

6、performancefrom the samepolymer type 0101Self-reinforced composites (SRCs) What is self reinorced composites ?e.g.e.g.PEUHMWPESelf-reinforced PE0101Self-reinforced composites (SRCs) What is self reinorced composites ?AdvantagesAdvantageslow densitylow densitylow costlow costRecyclabilityRecyclabilit

7、ygood good interfacial bonding interfacial bonding without without any surface treatment any surface treatment 0202Intumescent flame retardants(IFRs) Flame retardantAdditive Additive flame retardantflame retardantHalide : IHalide : I、BrBr、ClCl、F F intumescentflameretardantsintumescentflameretardants

8、reactiveflameretardantreactiveflameretardant0202Intumescent flame retardants(IFRs)IFRsIFRsCarbon Carbon sourcesource（char-formingagents）Gas sourceGas source（expansionagents）Acid Acid sourcesource（dehydratingagent）0202CarbonCarbon sourcesourceIntumescent flame retardants(IFRs)MechanismMechanismestere

9、stercompoundcompoundHeatHeatDehydratingDehydrating agent agentDehydrationDehydrationCCrosslinkingrosslinkingCarbideCarbideExpansionExpansionagentsagentsFoam char Foam char layerlayerGasGasHeatHeat02PART TWOIntroduction0202IntroductionSelf-reinforced composites (SRCs) are a relatively new family of c

10、omposite materials .The self-reinforced composites, made entirely of highly flammable polymeric components, have found applications in various fields where fire retardancy is a high priority, but until recently no solutions were published for their flame retardation. 0101IntroductionIt was proposed

11、by researchers that fibres, depending on their type and chemical structure, may interact with intumescent flame retardant systems. fibersInorganic fibersInorganic fibersOrganic char forming fibersOrganic char forming fibersNon-char forming fibersNon-char forming fibersIntumescent flame retardants (I

12、FRs) are of general application in polymers, in particularly in polyolefins, and more recently in their fibre-reinforced composites as well. 0101IntroductionCandle-wick effectglass fibres are able to transfer and feed the fuel from the pyrolysis zone of the polymer matrices to the flame by capillary

13、 action, speed the heat flowing back to polymers and thus make the polymers decompose and burn faster. need a higher amount of flame retardants 0101IntroductionIn this work , the effect of reinforcing structure, i.e., fibre alignment and weave type, and the consolidation quality of multilayer film-s

14、tacked composites were examined on the flame retardant performance of intumescent system. 03PART THREEMaterials and Methods0303MaterialsMatrix：A Tipplen R 1059 A Random copolymer polypropylene (PP)(T Tmm = 148 ) (produced by MOL Petrochemicals, Tiszajvros, Hungary) Fibers：Two types of PP reinforcing

15、 fabrics were used, quasi-unidirectional woven (UD) quasi-unidirectional woven (UD) and plain-wovenplain-wovenfabric (PW)fabric (PW), each composed of the same highly stretched PP same highly stretched PP multifilamentmultifilament. (T Tmm = 170 ) (Bolatice, Czech Republic)a single a single fibrefib

16、re: :a tensile strength of 620 MPa a tensile modulus of 7800 MPaFlame retardant (FR) additive: Exolit AP 766 (produced by Clariant Plastics & Coatings Ltd., Muttenz, Schwitzerland) 0303MaterialsThe areal weight and the mechanical characteristics of the reinforcing structures UD fabric：PW fabric：

17、WarpWeftWarpWeft0303Preparationflame retardant SRCs: UD fibersCP (cross-ply arrangement of UD fabrics) fibers PW fibers12 12 reinforcing layers reinforcing layers and 13 matrix foils 13 matrix foils using film-stacking method using film-stacking method and compression compression mouldingmoulding te

18、chnique. technique. Reference:flame retardant SRCs non-reinforced PP sheets wereprepared by straightforward mixing of the required amount of IFR additive (0, 9 and 13 wt %) with PP 13 X25 mm2X（3.5-4.2mm）0303Characterization MethodsDensity Measurements Mechanical Characterisation Characterisation of

19、the Fire Behaviour universal testing machine Mass loss type cone calorimeter tests limitingoxygen index measurements 04PART FORE Results and Discussion0404Results and DiscussionInvestigation of the Effect of the Self-Reinforcing Structure on the Mechanical Properties the tensile strength and modulus

20、 values are related to the ratio of fibres aligned in the load bearing direction. the flame retardant content of the matrix layers does not significantly influence the mechanical performance of the composites 0404Results and DiscussionMass loss-type cone calorimeter tests The heat flux is applied pe

21、rpendicular to the layers of highly stretched reinforcing fibers Only the result of the additive-free and 9 wt % flame retardant containing samples are shown. the 13 wt % additive containing samples have the same trends.0404Results and DiscussionMass loss-type cone calorimeter tests in additive-free

22、 form the burning of self-reinforced composites is accompanied with higher peaks of heat release rate (pkHRR) than the non-reinforced PP reference (0) the inherently higher heat release rate (HRR) of the reinforcing isotactic PP fibres (5560 wt % of the SRCs) than that of the random copolymer matrix

23、 material. 0404Results and DiscussionMass loss-type cone calorimeter tests It is noteworthy that the dissimilar burning characteristics ofthe chemically identical SRCs are only explainable by physical factors. 0404Results and DiscussionMass loss-type cone calorimeter tests the shape of HRR curves of

24、 UD_9 and CP_9 are similar to that of non-reinforced 9 no sharp peak of heat release rate can be observed for the PW_9 composite in the first 300 s of burning significantly lower heat release rates were recorded for the multilayered composites 0404Results and DiscussionMass loss-type cone calorimete

25、r tests a fairly thick but loose heat insulating foam forms in the initial stage of burning that protects the underlying polymer from combustion. The heat protective efficiency of this foam can be preserveduntil the degradation of the protective shield begins. 0404Results and DiscussionMass loss-typ

26、e cone calorimeter tests The PP plain-woven fabrics（PW） hinder the development of a highly expanded foam structure. the shrinkage of the highly stretched, interweaving fibres occurs simultaneously with the intumescence of the flame retarded matrix layers, and thus a more compact charred layer forms

27、on the surface of the PW_9 sample. 0404Results and DiscussionThe effectiveness of the observed synergism obviouslydepends on the ratio of the expanding domains and the shrinking ability 0404Results and DiscussionStandard UL-94 tests V-0 rating：10 s combustion test，test twice，,the flame goes out in 3

28、0 seconds，no sample fallsV-1 rating：10 s combustion test，test twice，,the flame goes out in 60 seconds，no sample fallsV-2 rating：10 s combustion test，test twice，,the flame goes out in 60 secondsHB rating：3-13mm sample，Burning speed13mm sample ,burning speed70mm/min0404Results and DiscussionStandard U

29、L-94 tests 0404Results and DiscussionStandard UL-94 tests 0404Results and DiscussionStandard UL-94 tests 0404Results and DiscussionInvestigation of the Effect of Molecular Orientation of Aligned Fibres on the Flame Retardant Performance of Self-Reinforced Composites Density measurements Density meas

30、urements were carried out to characterize the consolidation quality of UD SRCs manufactured between 145 and 190 . the actual density values the actual density values of theprepared SRCs increased increased monotonically with with increasing consolidation temperatureincreasing consolidation temperatu

31、re, which indicates less less void fraction and better void fraction and better consolidation quality consolidation quality as a function increasing processing temperature. 0404Results and DiscussionThe interlayer bonding was quantified by peel tests. the peel strength reaches a plateau of 1.5 N/mm around the melting temperature of the reinforcing fibre (Tm