UnitTheRealTruthaboutLies实用教案

1、Teaching objectivesI.To talk about the topic of lying freely and understand the real truth of lies.III.To master some key vocabulary and difficult language points.To grasp the main idea of the text, master the authors writing style and make clear the structure of the whole passage.II.第1页/共62页第一页，共63

2、页。ContentsConsolidation activitiesWarming-up activitiesGlobal study of the text Detailed study of the text第2页/共62页第二页，共63页。Warming-up activities第3页/共62页第三页，共63页。Black lies第4页/共62页第四页，共63页。Black lies Black lies refers to malicious lies, they are told to deceive someone else for the liars advantage. U

3、sually, people get hurt or is taken advantage of.第5页/共62页第五页，共63页。White lies Suppose you are in trouble. When your parents call you and ask how you are, will you tell them a lie by saying that you are fine or tell them the truth? A white lie is one that lacks evil intent. It is harmless or trivial,

4、and is frequently said in order to show the speakers good intention and avoid hurting someones feelings. 第6页/共62页第六页，共63页。 List some situations in which you think a white lie would be told. Discuss about the would-be benefits and would-be costs about white lies.Group discussion第7页/共62页第七页，共63页。Quote

5、s lie & truth Truth is beautiful, without doubt; but so are lies. - - - Ralph Waldo Emerson A lie stands on one leg, truth on two. - - - Benjamin Franklin Truth is completely spontaneous. Lies have to be taught. - - - Richard Buckminster Fuller Jr. Truth is the safest lie. - - - Jewish Proverb I

6、t is always the best policy to tell the truth, unless, of course, you are an exceptionally good liar. - - - Jerome K. Jerome 第8页/共62页第八页，共63页。Global study of the textTextwriting stylebackgourndstrucutral analysismain ideatone of writingconsequences of lying第9页/共62页第九页，共63页。 It is an essay which inte

7、nds to convince the reader to believe what the author believes about a certain topic.(a clear topic statement, sufficient evidence or examples, logical reasoning)Background information This text is selected from Readers Digest in November, 1999. the author: Randy FitzgeraldStyle: an _ essay in a _ s

8、tyle. argumentative or persuasivejournalistic第10页/共62页第十页，共63页。Main ideaTheme: to prove the real truth about lies.The tone: quite humorous as it resorts to daily life and causes much resonance. In this text, the author asserts the ubiquitous presence of petty white lies, analyzes its _, discusses it

9、s grave _, and concludes that some lies are _, while others are to be _.causesconsequencesavoidedjustifiable第11页/共62页第十一页，共63页。Structural analysisparas 16-18Discussing whether lies should be avoided at all costs.Part IPart IIPart IIIPart IVparas 7-11Telling little white lies is a common practice and

10、 the reason for telling such lies is familiar - we dont want to hurt others.paras 12-15The consequences of telling lies.paras 1-6Introducing the topic by reporting two survey results.第12页/共62页第十二页，共63页。The consequences of lying fall into three aspects: the deceived may feel cheated and wont trust th

11、e liar any more; the liar will lose trust from the deceived and get entangled in the lies he fabricates; the society as a whole would collapse as its members do not trust each other any more.Consequences of lying (paras. 12-15)第13页/共62页第十三页，共63页。Detailed study of the textvocabularysentence structure

12、cultural noteswriting techniquegrammarrhetorical featuressentenceparaphrase第14页/共62页第十四页，共63页。Part 1 1 At the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, psychology professor Bella DePaulo got 77 students and 70 townspeople to volunteer for an unusual project. All kept diaries for a week, recording t

13、he numbers and details of the lies they told. 2 One student and six Charlottesville residents professed to have told no falsehoods. The other 140 participants told 1535.questions: paras. 1-6第15页/共62页第十五页，共63页。Part 1 3 The lies were most often not what most of us would call earth-shattering. Someone

14、would pretend to be more positive or supportive of a spouse or friend than he or she really was, or feign agreement with a relatives opinion. According to DePaulo, women in their interactions with other women lied mostly to spare the others feelings. Men lied to other men generally for self-promotin

15、g reasons.第16页/共62页第十六页，共63页。Part 1 4 Most strikingly, these tellers-of-a-thousand-lies reported that their deceptions caused them little preoccupation or regret. Might that, too, be a lie? Perhaps. But there is evidence that this attitude towards casual use of prevarication is common.第17页/共62页第十七页，

16、共63页。Part 1 5 *For example, 20,000 middle-and high-schoolers were surveyed by the Josephson Institute of Ethics a nonprofit organization in Marina del Rey, California, devoted to character education. *Ninety-two per cent of the teenagers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous year, an

17、d 73 per cent characterized themselves as serial liars, meaning they told lies weekly. Despite these admissions, 91 per cent of all respondents said they were satisfied with my own ethics and character.第18页/共62页第十八页，共63页。Part 1 6 Think how often we hear the expressions Ill call you or The check is i

18、n the mail or Im sorry, but he stepped out.*And then there are professions lawyers, pundits, public relations consultants whose members seem to specialize in shaping or spinning the truth to suit clients needs.第19页/共62页第十九页，共63页。Part 2 7 Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reasons we g

19、ive each other for telling fibs are familiar. Consider, for example, a corporate executive whom Ill call Tom. He goes with his wife and son to his mother-in-laws home for a holiday dinner every year. Tom dislikes her special pumpkin pie intensely. Invariably he tells her how wonderful it is, to avoi

20、d hurting her feelings.questions: paras. 7-11第20页/共62页第二十页，共63页。Part 2 8 Whats wrong with that? Tom asked Michael Josephson, president of the Josephson Institute. Its a question we might all ask.第21页/共62页第二十一页，共63页。Part 2 9 Josephson replied by asking Tom to consider the lie from his mother-in-laws

21、point of view. Suppose that one day Toms child blurts out the truth, and she discovers the deceit. Will she tell her son-in-law, Thank you for caring so much? Or is she more likely to feel hurt and say, How could you have misled me all these years? And what else have you lied to me about?第22页/共62页第二

22、十二页，共63页。Part 2 10 And what might Toms mother-in-law now suspect about her own daughter? And will Toms boy lie to his parents and yet be satisfied with his own character?第23页/共62页第二十三页，共63页。Part 2 11 How often do we compliment people on how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when

23、 we dont really mean it? Surely, these nice lies are harmless and well-intended, a necessary social lubricant. But, like Tom, we should remember the words of English novelist Sir Walter Scott, who wrote, *What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive.第24页/共62页第二十四页，共63页。Part 3 12 Ev

24、en seemingly harmless falsehoods can have unforeseen consequences.*Philosopher Sissela Bok warns us that they can put us on a slippery slope. After the first lies, others can come more easily, she wrote in her book Lying: Moral Choice in Public and Private Life. “Psychological barriers wear down; th

25、e ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liars perception of his chances of being caught may warp.”questions: paras. 12-15第25页/共62页第二十五页，共63页。Part 3 13 Take the pumpkin-pie lies. In the first place, it wasnt just that he wanted his mother-in-law to feel good. Whether he realized it or no

26、t, he really wanted her to think highly of him. And after the initial deceit he needed to tell more lies to cover up the first one.第26页/共62页第二十六页，共63页。Part 3 14 Who believes it anymore when theyre told that the person they want to reach by phone is in a meeting? By itself, that kind of lie is of no

27、great consequence. Still, the endless proliferation of these little prevarications does matter.第27页/共62页第二十七页，共63页。Part 3 15 *Once theyve become common enough, even the small untruths that are not meant to hurt encourage a certain cynicism and loss of trust. *“When (trust) is damaged,” warns Bok, “t

28、he community as a whole suffers; and when it is destroyed, societies falter and collapse.”第28页/共62页第二十八页，共63页。Part 4 16 *Are all white lies to be avoided at all costs? Not necessarily.*The most understandable and forgivable lies are an exchange of what ethicists refer to as the principle of trust fo

29、r the principle of caring, “like telling children the tooth fairy, or deceiving someone to set them up for a surprise party,” Josephson says. “Still,*we must ask ourselves if we are willing to give our friends and associates the authority to lie to us whenever they think it is for our own good.”Home

30、workquestions: paras. 16-18第29页/共62页第二十九页，共63页。Part 4 17 Josephson suggests a simple test. If someone you lie to finds out the truth, will he thank you for caring? Or will he feel his long-term trust in you has been undermined?第30页/共62页第三十页，共63页。Part 4 18 *And if youre not sure, Mark Twain has given

31、 us a good rule of thumb. “When in doubt, tell the truth.*It will confound your enemies and astound your friends.”Questions (Paras.16-18)第31页/共62页第三十一页，共63页。 1. How does the writer begin with the topic? The author begins with the results of two surveys. 2. What is the result of Professor Bella DePau

32、los survey? What conclusion can we draw from the result? According to the survey done by Professor DePaulo, 140 out of 147 people admitted having told lies. As some of the lies are well-intentioned, people may not regard them as lies. This result shows that telling lies is common. Part I (paras. 1-6

33、)第32页/共62页第三十二页，共63页。3. What is the result of the survey conducted by Josephson Institute of Ethics? According to this survey, among 20,000 students surveyed, 92 percent professed to have told lies and meanwhile, 91 percent never doubted about their own ethics or character. Again, this result shows

34、that telling lies is common and people seldom relate telling lies to morality.4. How does he convince the readers “the real truth” of lies? scientific research; example; scholarly quotationPart I (paras. 1-6)第33页/共62页第三十三页，共63页。The University of Virginia The University of Virginia is distinctive amo

35、ng institutions of higher education. Founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1819, the University is public and remains the No. 2 best, according to the 2005 US News & World Report. Numerous distinguished alumni graduated from the university and now dominate various areas, a few of whom are the 28th pres

36、ident Wilson, Senator Robert Kennedy and Edward Kennedy; and world-famous director Mark Johnson.第34页/共62页第三十四页，共63页。Bella DePaulo Professor Bella M. DePaulo is specialized in Social Psychology. For more than 20 years, she has studied the communication of deception. More recently, she has also been s

37、tudying the social psychology of singles. She received her Ph. D. from Harvard University in 1979. She is the author of more than 100 publications, and her work has been funded by NSF(国家(guji)科学基金会), NIMH(国家(guji)精神卫生研究院), and the National Academy of Education.第35页/共62页第三十五页，共63页。Language work 1. pr

38、ofess: v. to make a claim (of / about)e.g.James professed to know everything about sculpture. He professed the greatest respect for the law.Derivation: professor 教授( jioshu)，声称的人 profession 职业，声明 professorial 教授( jioshu)似的，学者派头的 professorship 教授( jioshu)职位第36页/共62页第三十六页，共63页。Language work falsehood:

39、 n. (count) a liee.g. 他指责(zhz)他们故意散布有关他的谎言。 He blamed them for knowingly spreading falsehoods about him.n. (uncount) the quality or fact of being untrue or of being a lie 虚伪性；虚假性；谬误e.g. She called the verdict a victory of truth over falsehood. 她将这一判决称为真理对谬误的胜利。第37页/共62页第三十七页，共63页。Language work2. ear

40、th-shattering: of the greatest importance to the whole worlde.g. After years of hard work, they finally made an earth-shattering discovery. The new invention is of earth-shattering importance.第38页/共62页第三十八页，共63页。3. feign: v. to pretend to have or be; to put on a false air of e.g.She feigned to be il

41、l in order not to do the exercises. He feigned surprise and they all believed him.Collocation:feign interest / surprise / ignorance / illness (formal) pretend that you are interested, surprised, etc.e.g. “Oh really!” he said, trying to feign interest.Sometimes its best just to feign ignorance (=pret

42、end that you do not know anything).Language work第39页/共62页第三十九页，共63页。Language work4. spare ones feelings : to avoid doing something that would upset somebody e.g. He simply wished to minimize the fuss and to spare her feelings. We carefully avoided mentioning the news to spare his feelings.第40页/共62页第

43、四十页，共63页。5. preoccupation: n.the state of constantly thinking or worrying about somethinge.g. Because of his preoccupation with his books, he didnt realize we were already back. Such preoccupation with your work isnt healthy.Language work第41页/共62页第四十一页，共63页。Might that, too, be a lie? Is it possible

44、to consider that a lie?Might here means “possibility”. Note that may, when used to mean “possibility”, is normally not used in a question. Language work第42页/共62页第四十二页，共63页。6. prevarication: n. the state of avoiding giving a direct answer or making a firm decision e.g. After months of prevarication,

45、a decision was finally made. When we questioned the authorities on the subject, we were met by prevarication.Language work第43页/共62页第四十三页，共63页。Josephson Institute of Ethics The Joseph & Edna Josephson Institute of Ethics is a public-benefit, nonprofit, nonpartisan无党派 and nonsectarian无宗派(zngpi) me

46、mbership organization founded by Michael Josephson in honor of his parents.第44页/共62页第四十四页，共63页。7. devote togive all or a large part of ones time or resources to (a person, activity, or cause)e.g.I want to devote more time to my family.He devotes himself to philanthropy(慈善事业(c shn sh y). Language wor

47、k第45页/共62页第四十五页，共63页。7. pundit : n. a person who is an authority on a particular subject; an expert Mr. Johnson is a well-known political pundit. Weve invited a foreign-policy pundit to give us a lecture.8. shape or spin the truth: to modify the truthLanguage work第46页/共62页第四十六页，共63页。Part 2Qs:nWhat i

48、s the author trying to argue in this part? And how does he put it?nWhat are little white lies?nAccording to the writer, what could be considered “nice lies”?1.What does this sentence mean: “What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive”?第47页/共62页第四十七页，共63页。Language work9. ubiquitous

49、: a. seeming to be everywhere By the end of last century, the computer had become ubiquitous. We are now confronted with the ubiquitous spread of English.10. fib: n. a small unimportant lie Have you ever told fibs? She told innocent fibs like anyone else.11. invariably: ad. always Its invariably wet

50、 when I take my holidays. She invariably forgets to take her keys.第48页/共62页第四十八页，共63页。12. blurt out : to say something suddenly and without thinking, usually because one is nervous or excited To our surprise,he blurted his secret out at table. John blurted out that he dreamed of becoming a computer

51、programmer. 13. lubricant :n. a substance such as oil which causes a machine to operate more easily14. tangled: plicated or made up of many confusing parts After listening to his speech I thought his ideas and opinions were so tangled that I could not vote for him. The floor of the forest was covere

52、d with tangled grass.第49页/共62页第四十九页，共63页。Part 3Q:1. What is the grave consequences of telling lies?第50页/共62页第五十页，共63页。Language work15. wear down: v.to reduce or become weaker until useless Heavy traffic and variable weather can wear down the surface of the road. Your back tyres are badly worn down;

53、you should fit new ones.16. warp : v. to (cause to) turn or twist out of shape Left in the garage where it was damp, the wooden frame had warped. The door must be warped. It wont close properly.17. proliferation : n. a rapid increase in the amount or number of something Over the past two years, we h

54、ave witnessed the proliferation of TV channels.第51页/共62页第五十一页，共63页。Language work18. associate : n. somebody whom you work or do business with He is not a friend, but a business associate.19. undermine: v. to gradually make sb. or sth. less strong or effective She jealously tried to undermine our fri

55、endship. Lack of food has undermined his health.第52页/共62页第五十二页，共63页。20. rule of thumb : a rough method of calculation, based on practical experience I never weigh anything when Im cooking I just do it by rule of thumb. As a rule of thumb, a cup of filter coffee contains about 89mg caffeine.第53页/共62页第五十三页，共63页。Part 4 1. Are all white lies unacceptable? What is the yardstick of acceptable lies? Not all white lies are unacceptable. Some falsehoods like setting somebody up for a surprise party or telling childre