语法测试要求-(1)-掌握基本的英语语法知识-要求能在

1、1启-启动观点承-内容承接转-语义转折合-总结概括启、承、转、合2启-启动观点 开头段Nowadays, a heated debate is springing up as toWhen it comes toAs is shown in the picture/ table above,With the development of It is generally believed that启、承、转、合3承-内容承接 拓展段首先,第一: firstly/ above all/ to begin with/ first and foremost/ in the first place/ o

2、n the one hand/ for one thing其次，第二: secondly/ besides/ in addition/ furthermore/moreover/ whats more/ in the second place/ on the other hand/ for another最后，第三: at last/ the last but not the least/ even more,even worse/ more importantly启、承、转、合4承-内容承接 拓展段中间过渡：in the meantime/ meanwhile/ as a matter of

3、 fact/ in fact/ actually/ obviously/ undoubtedly/ no doubt/ in particular/ to be specific/ similarly/ luckily/ in other words/ at the same time/ the same is also true of ,for/ for instance/ for example 启、承、转、合5转-语义转折 拓展段转折：however/ otherwise/ nevertheness/ conversely/ on the contrary/ unfortunately/

4、 unlike/ whereas/ yet/ by contrast/ instead/ the reverse is also true启、承、转、合6合-总结概括 结尾段因此：accordingly/ consequently/ as a consequence/ as a result/ therefore/ thus/ hence总之：by and large/ in general/ on the whole/ generally speaking结论：in short/ in brief/ in a word/ in conclusion/ to sum up/ on the ba

5、sis of the analysis above, we can draw a conclusion that/ given all the above factors,/ with the advantages and disadvantages weighed启、承、转、合7七、写作的八大问题及对策6、语言的修补纠错问题检查流程的6个环节：1）主谓一致2）时态：议论文常采用现在时3）冠词：a/ an /the4) 名词单复数5）介词搭配6）拼写错误 8七、写作的八大问题及对策7、语言的升级替换问题表明、揭示: showindicate, reveal, reflect, demonstr

6、ate, convey the message that, imply, suggest, illustrate重要的：importantbe of great importance, significant, vital, essential, critical, crucial, play a role in, should be taken seriously, importance should be attached to9七、写作的八大问题及对策7、语言的升级替换问题极大的：great increaseSharp, dramatic, significant, enormous,

7、numerous, considerable, profound认为：thinkBelieve, be convinced, suppose, assume, guess, reckon, insist, maintain, argue, claim, in ones opinion, be of the opinion/view that, hold the view that, as far as be concerned, in my eyes 10七、写作的十大问题及对策8、语言的书写问题 书写工整 11起始段写法拓展段写法结尾段写法第二部分 段落（十种段落句型）12一、话题引出段/现

8、象、现状说明段oNowadays/ Currently, there is a great/wide/widespread concern over the issue ofoPeople in growing numbers are directing their attention to oWith the development of , the issue/ problem of has aroused deep concern from the public.oWith the rapidly growing popularity of .in china, the quality

9、of our lives is improving for the better.oThere is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of. Those who object toargue that. But people who favor, on the other hand, argue that 起始段写法（2种）13一、话题引出段/现象、现状说明段6. With the rapid development of science and technology, the quality of our lives is impro

10、ving for the better.7. With the rapid growth of our economy/market economy, an increasing number of problems, such as., are beginning to surface/ emerge/occur./an increasing number of people come to realize that 8. When it comes to, peoples notion may vary from one to another.9. when it comes to .,

11、most people belive that But other people argue that 起始段写法（2种）14一、话题引出段/现象、现状说明段10. .has become an increasingly important issue over which opinion is divided. 11. Different people have different attitudes towards Some are in favor of while others are against. 12. One thing that almost everyone is agr

12、eed on, including all of us, is that 13. As far as Im concerned, I am inclinded to support the latter view that 14.It is a striking fact that It is a undenying that. It is inescapable fact that 起始段写法（2种）15一、观点对比段 Currently, opposite views are presented in the debate. Some people firmly believe that.

13、 On the contrary, quite a few people argue that拓展段写法(5种)16二、利弊列举段 Every coin has two sides and this issue is no exception. Above all, In addition ,However, the negative elements should not be neglected not only but also even worse.拓展段写法(5种)17三、举例论证段oFor instanceoTake for a exampleoA case in point is

14、1.The thought-provoking saying can be best illustrated by the following examples.拓展段写法(5种)18四、原因列举段 1. Why should this phenomenon take place? There are generally three factors accounting for it.2. Considering every aspect of the issue, we may attribute the sharp change to three factors.拓展段写法(5种)19五、

15、意义阐释段oThe purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid tooThe fact/ phenomenon that indicates/ reveals that.1.What is conveyed in the picture goes far beyond merely an issue of Instead, it carries the message that 拓展段写法(5种)20一、归纳结论段oAs a result/ consequence,oIn conclusion,

16、oIn my opinion,oAs far as I am concerned,oOn the basis of / taking into account all the factors above, we may draw a conclusion thato Trough the above-mentioned analysis, we have no difficulties in drawing the conclusion that 1.From the above discussion, we can easily conclude that both proponents a

17、nd opponents ofhave their respective reasons and justifications. However, as a supporter/opponent of , I would like to stand by/support/ aprove of 结论段写法(3种)21二、预测趋势段 There is no denying that the tendency of increase/decline reflected from the chart will continue in the future.结论段写法(3种)22一、观点对比型基本模式：

18、热门话题，利弊共存，观点针锋相对，考生阐述个人见解Where to LiveIn the City or the Country? oOutline: 1. Conveniences of the cityo 2. Attractions of the countryo 3. Disadvantages of botho 4. My preference第三部分 作文四大主题题型 23一、观点对比型Where to LiveIn the City or the Country?都市生活优势 发达的教育(advanced level of education) 便捷的交通(convenient

19、transportation) 繁荣的商业(prosperous business) 丰富的文化娱乐(rich cultural life)第三部分 作文四大主题题型 24一、观点对比型Where to LiveIn the City or the Country? 乡村生活优势 close to nature, fresh air, quiet and relaxing, idyllic and simple way of life, carefree都市生活劣势 polluted, crowded, noisy, pressures, temptations第三部分 作文四大主题题型 25

20、乡村生活劣势 boring, idle, sluggish, isolated from the outside world, inconvenient daily life我的选择自由选择，但是必须声明喜好原因，自圆其说一、观点对比型26o观点对比型作文模板观点对比型作文模板oTopic: Topic: 参考的内容oWhen it comes to , odifferent people hold different views . 两种观点针对的争论焦点oSome contend that . 观点一oFor one thing, . 观点一的理由1oFor another, . 观点二的

21、理由2o oIn spite of all these claims, others maintain that . 与观点一对立的观点二oThey point out that . 观点二的理由1oAnother instance cited often is that . 观点二的理由2 oIts no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.oAs for me, theres some truth to both arguments . oIts advisable to . 个人的结论 一、观点对比型27句型参考：Th

22、e advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.Obviously, it has both negative effects and positive effects.There are advantages and disadvantages.Like anything else, it has its faults.Nothing can equalNothing is morethan一、观点对比型28句型参考：句型参考：两者相同 A is notany more than B The same is true of A and B have s

23、everal things in common A bears some resemblances to B两者不同 A, whereas B A and B differ in several ways一、观点对比型29补充练习oWhich to celebrate-West Festivals or Chinese Festivals?oCyber-caf- A Blessing or Curse?oPrivate Cars-Advantages or Disadvantages?一、观点对比型30基本模式：以阐释现象、分析原因、阐述观点为主Advertisements on TVTopi

24、c sentence: Today, more and more advertisements are seen on TV screen. Outline: 1、current state现状 2、reasons 原因 3、My comments 我的评论二、现象阐释型31Cultures-National and International Outline:1describe the picture and interpret its meaning; 2.give your comments on the phenomenon. 图画作文的审题方式：以小见大，把握象征意义二、现象阐释型3

25、2Cultures-National and International写作提纲：第一段：详细描述图画信息（外貌，表情，服饰）第二段：图画揭示，随着中国国际地位不断提高，博大精深的中国文化吸引外国友人，通过文化交流，民族文化具有世界意义第三段：提出文化交流使不同文化相互取长补短，共同发展，同时也提高了不同国家人民的审美情趣，开阔了视野。二、现象阐释型33第一段：The picture vividly depicts a lovely American girl dressed in traditional Chinese costume with a sweet smile on her fa

26、ce . She wears a pearl necklace, colorful ribbon, ear rings, and other accessories that are characteristic of the clothes of a Chinese minority nationality. Undoubtedly, the costume has added oriental glamour to her beautiful features二、现象阐释型34第二段：The picture tells that traditional Chinese culture ap

27、peals to foreigner. Since the successful application for hosting the Olympic Games in 2008 and the entrance into World Trade Organizatin, China has attracted more and more attention in the international community. 二、现象阐释型35第三段：Chinese civilization , a creation of unremitting efforts over 5000 years,

28、 appeals to foreigners to such a degree that they appreciate not only our food but also our costumes, arts and so on as well. Chinese culture is not only national but also international.二、现象阐释型36第四段：Cultural exchange certainly has much to offer. It is by no means a process of losing ones own culture

29、 to a foreign culture, but the one of enching a nations own culture. It can be said that cultural exchange will not result in the disappearance of the particular features of each culture. On the contrary, by exchanging and communicating, people all over the world could learn from each other. Thus, t

30、he vision of people will be broadened and their taste for arts improved. There is no doubt that cultural exchange between peoples and nations is helpful to each culture and each country.二、现象阐释型37o现象解释型作文模板现象解释型作文模板oTopic: Topic: 参考的内容o Recently, . 描述现象，引起话题o What amazes us most is . 表现较为典型的一个方面o It

31、is true that . 对于现象做出的评论o There are many reasons explaining . 承上启下,解释这一现象的原因oThe main reason is . 说明原因一oWhat is more, . 原因二oThirdly, . 原因三oAs a result, . 讲述导致的结果o Considering all these, . 作者的态度oFor one thing, . 观点一o11For another, . 11观点二o12In conclusion, . 12总结全文二、现象阐释型38通过漫画讽刺现实，针砭时弊，建议措施为主基本模式：摆出现

32、实中人类所制造的社会或环境生态问题（用主题、情景、图表或漫画），让考生描述现状或图表、分析数据，推理漫画作者的真实意图并提出可能解决措施。第一段：描述情景现状/图画/图表的内容第二段：指出问题所在（作者意图）/分析问题原因第三段：给出解决措施三、问题解决型39世界商业捕鱼简史Outline:Describe the pictures. Deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures. Suggest counter-measures.三、问题解决型40世界商业捕鱼简史三、问题解决型41世界商业捕鱼简史第一段：In those pictures

33、we can see that a dramatic change has taken place in the world commercial fishing in the past century. When the fishing industry was not well developed in 1900, there were plenty of fish in the sea. However, 1995, with an ever-increasing number of fishing boats, few fish could be found. It is clear

34、that the abundant fishing resource has nearly been exhausted by over-fishing.三、问题解决型42世界商业捕鱼简史第二段：The drawer of the pictures intends to warn us that we should put an end to the uncontrolled commercial fishing before it is too late. We have to try our best to protect the natural resources while tryin

35、g to make money to live a better life.三、问题解决型43世界商业捕鱼简史第三段： I think we can take some effective measures to deal with the problem of over-fishing. On the one hand, stricter laws should be enforced to confine fishing in certain areas and seasons so that the fish can have enough time to reproduce itsel

36、f in mating seasons. On the other hand, the government should help people not only realize the value of limited natural resources but also cultivate a sense of social responsibility. Thus, we can keep a balance between the social development and the protection of natural resources.三、问题解决型44o问题解决型作文模

37、板问题解决型作文模板o Topic: Topic：参考的内容oWith the of ， . 问题出现的背景oSo it is of great importance for us to . 提出问题oOn the one hand, . 问题的后果一oOn the other hand, . 问题的后果二oHowever, we have figured out many . oways to . 提出解决这一问题的方法oFirstly, . 解决方法一oSo long as . 进一步说明方法一oSecondly, . 方法二oThirdly, . 方法三oIn fact, . 提出解决问

38、题的根本途径o11That is because . 11支持句的理由o12In a word, . 12总结全文 三、问题解决型45基本模式：作者通过情景描述/图画/主题句提出一个重 要论点，往往提出的是积极的正面的思想， 让考生加以举例论证。特殊情况：情景说明，举例论证段四、观点论证型四、观点论证型46四、观点论证型四、观点论证型47oDirections:oWrite an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you shouldo1) describe the drawing bri

39、efly,o2) explain its intended meaning, and theno3) give your comments.四、观点论证型四、观点论证型48o范文：范文：o第一段：第一段：In the picture there are two handicapped men. When staggering alone, either one could hardly move a bit unless he relies on the crutches. However, when standing united with each other, they can stri

40、de ahead.四、观点论证型四、观点论证型49o范文：范文：o第二段：第二段：This picture is thought-provoking in that it reveals to us the importance of mutual help. Theres no doubt that no one is so advantageous that he could succeed in all aspects. Everyone, especially when he gets into trouble, needs to learn from others to offset

41、 his own weakness so as to fulfil the mission almost impossible. Take the two handicapped men in the picture as an example. Dont you believe mutual help can make them stand united, thus overcome the difficulties in walking forward? 四、观点论证型四、观点论证型50o范文：范文：o第三段：第三段：One more convincing example is the c

42、ooperation that was once held between the Communist Party and the Nationalist Party. When the Japanese invaded China in the 1930s and 1940s, the two parties were both in difficulty and danger. However, putting their disagreement aside, at least for the time being, they fought together and managed to

43、 drive the aggressors away from the homeland. Could such a huge victory be obtained with one party fighting and the other standing aside? Thats actually the case we can come across much often in our life. Therefore, it is of great importance to cooperate with others and work together with others. 四、

44、观点论证型四、观点论证型51o观点论证型作文模板观点论证型作文模板oTopic: _ Topic：参考的内容oIt is well known that . 提出观点oThe truth of it is self-evident.oNo one can deny . 观点的理论依据oTherefore, . 证明观点的正确性o oMany examples can be found to prove . 提出事实，论证观点oTake as a typical example. 提出具体的例子oPeople . 人们的习惯做法oFurthermore, . 其他相关的事实o oIt goes

45、without saying that . 该观点在日常生活中的体现o oThen, . 重申该观点的正确性o11There is no doubt that . 11得出结论o12In conclusion, . 12总结全文四、观点论证型四、观点论证型52 万能句型万能句型英语写作的英语写作的12种句型模版种句型模版万能字、词、句升级万能字、词、句升级常用字、词、句升级常用字、词、句升级第四部分第四部分 万能句型和句型模板万能句型和句型模板531.The above-mentioned issue results from the following factors./ Many fact

46、ors are responsible for the problem. To begin with, _. Whats more, _. Last but not the least, _.2.There is no doubt that_.oNo one can deny that_.o It goes without saying that_.3. When it comes to the issue , different people have different opinions.4.Just as any coin has two sides. I believe there i

47、s some truth to both. If I am allowed to make a decision, I prefer _ to _ because _.5.sth. is an indispensable part of sth.万能句型546.People can not imagine the world without_./ People can not imagine what the world would be like without_.7.In my view, we have to think carefully before we make the deci

48、sion to _. Question1 ? Question2 ? These questions need to be answered before we make the final decision.8.in all walks of life9.As an old saying goes,10.Instead of doing sth, we should .rather than11.It is true that, but eg. It is true that we cant do anything without money, but money is not everyt

49、hing.12.attach great importance to sth.万能句型5513. is a hot issue14. satisfy/meet ones needs and desires15.sth. benefit sb.= sth. do good to sb. sb. benefit from sth. sb. receive benefit from/by sth. sth/it. is beneficial to sth./sb.16.The past several years have witnessed a phenomenon that a variety

50、of have been arising from all walks of life.17.try every means to do sth./strive to do sth.18.sb. do sth., while sb. others do sth. else19.it is supposed to do sth. 20. play a significant role in 万能句型56英语写作的12种句型模版o1表示原因表示原因 o1）There are three reasons for this 2）The reasons for this are as follows 3

51、）The reason for this is obvious 4）The reason for this is not far to seek 5）The reason for this is that 6）We have good reason to believe that 例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our lifeFirstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly，most people are

52、well paid， and they can afford what they need or likeLast but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life 57英语写作的12种句型模版o2表示好处表示好处 1）It has the following advantages 2）It does us a lot of good 3）It benefits us quite a lot 4）It is beneficial to us 5）It is of great benefit to us 例如： Book

53、s are like friendsThey can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us 58英语写作的12种句型模版o3表示坏处表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than o advantages 2）It does us much harm 3）It is harmful to us 例如： However，everythin

54、g divides into twoTelevision can also be harmful to usIt can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television 59英语写作的12种句型模版o4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， o possible）for sbto do sth 2）We think it necessary to d

55、o sth 3）It plays an important role in our life 例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every home，tooWe have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have st

56、epped into the Computer Age 60英语写作的12种句型模版o5表示措施表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the o difficulties 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth 4）We should solve the problems that we are o confronted（faced）with 例如： The housing problem that we are

57、confronted with is becoming more and more seriousTherefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it 61英语写作的12种句型模版o6表示变化表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds o communications 3）The computer has brought about many

58、 changes in o education 例如： Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five yearsThe major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins62英语写作的12种句型模版o7表示事实、现状表示

59、事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that 2）No one can deny the fact that 3）There is no denying the fact that 4）This is a phenomenon that many people o are interested in 5）However，thats not the case 例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollutionTo solve th

60、ese problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollutionThe government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment 63英语写作的12种句型模版o8表示比较表示比较 1）Compared with A，B 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV 3）There is a striking contrast between th