现代大学英语精读4 Lesson 10 (课件)

1、Lesson TenThe TelephoneThe TelephoneENTERCould you imagine a life without the telephone? When did the telephone come to your life? How do you think the telephone relates to you and your life respectively? The end of Warming-up Qs.ENTER. Author Anwar F. Accawi Teaching Experiences Works Comments on W

2、orks Born in Lebanon in a family whose ancestors are believed to have gone to Jerusalem in the Crusades. While he was living in Lebanon teaching English as a second language at the American University in Beruit, he married an American woman from Tennessee. To be continued on the next page.When the c

3、ivil war broke out in Lebanon, Anwar F. Accawi and his wife were forced to leave the country and eventually moved to her native city of La Follette, Tennessee, and later settled down in the States. Anwar F. Accawi currently teaches as a full-time instructor at the English Language Institute of the U

4、niversity of Tennessee, Knoxville. He has lived and taught in the U.S. since 1965.As a teacher of ESL/EFL for thirty-two years. He has taught in the USA and in Lebanon, first at the National Evangelical Institute and then at Sidoon High School, Sidon, Lebanon, and also taught at the American Univers

5、ity of Beirut before coming to the University of Tennessee in 1979. He has also trained students planning to become ESL teachers. ENTER1) The text describes, from a boys perspective, howthe telephone affected peoples way of life in a Lebanese mountain village: It broke the seclusion of the village.2

6、) The text raised us a question: what attitude we should adopt toward new things, whether we should welcome them or boycott them.Theme of the TextThe end of Text Theme.Part 1 (Paras. ) :Part 2 (Paras. ) :Structure of the TextThe author introduced the story by providing background information: very d

7、etailed description of the villagers way of life before the telephone came. How the telephone was installed, and what changes it brought about in the village.1101125The end of Text StructureFor reference Plot: The coming of telephone brought some changes into a small village, both personally and soc

8、ially.Setting: social setting: in the early 20th century before the process of modernization story setting: in the village in Lebanon Protagonist: “I”when the author was youngTo be continued on the nest page.Part 1 (Paras. 110): village life before the telephone came(Para. 1)Q1: What was the overall

9、 picture of the this village before the telephone arrived? What specific details did the narrator give to present this picture? A: from its geographical location; (Para. 1) from the detailed description; (Paras. 13) from the carefully-chosen words To be continued on the nest page.For more reference

10、in the text(Paras. 27) Q2: What do you make of the fact that the people in the village had no calendar and clock and had no need for them? What kind of society is it that does not need so much to keep track of the hours, days, months, and years? A: Not industrialized countryside. Everything is slow

11、and there is no need to hurry. To be continued on the nest page.(Para. 4) Q3: What can we infer from the fact that the roof of the mayors house caved in under the heavy snow? A: Snow was usually heavy. It was a good sign of heavy snow. To be continued on the nest page.(Paras. 89) Q4: How did the peo

12、ple there keep track of the important events in their lives?A: The important events were always remembered with time marked by the mentioning of earthquakes, droughts, floods, locusts, and pestilences To be continued on the nest page.Q5: What interesting things happened the year of the drought which

13、 the narrator remembered so vividly as a boy?A: Arguments escalated into full-blown, knockdown-dragout fights for water. (Paras. 910)Boys memories reveal anything important?To be continued on the nest page.A: The very traditional countryside society.Q: Retell the normal life in the small village. Q:

14、 What impression did you get about the life in the small village according to the text? Part 1 (Paras. 110)To be continued on the nest page.(Para. 11)Q1: Why did the narrator say that it was one of the worst years for him? What happened?A: Magdaluna decided to install its own telephone. Q2: Why does

15、 the author introduce the subject of the telephone so late in the article? Does it indicate poor organization and lack of coherence on the part of the author? Part 2 (Paras. 1125): changes brought by the telephoneDo you find the decision-making process interesting?To be continued on the nest page.(P

16、aras. 1218)Q3: Why did the narrator think the telephone installment was a big event?Well-chosen words to describe peoples reactionto the telephone installment.Find moreexamples in the text to demonstrate it. To be continued on the nest page.A: The home of Im KaleemHer appearance: short, middle-aged,

17、 black-haired, with a loud unpleasant voiceHer character: generous, understanding, sensibleHer role: confessor, good listener, pressure-reliever and troubleshooterQ4: Where had the village center been in the past? Changes brought by the telephone(Paras. 1921): the shifting of the village center as a

18、 result of the installation of the telephone To be continued on the nest page.Q5: Where was it now?A. At Abu Rajas home where the telephone was installed. Why? no longer contented with their way of life; hungry for news from the outside worldChanges brought by the telephone(Paras. 1921): the shiftin

19、g of the village center as a result of the installation of the telephone To be continued on the nest page. The coming of the telephone ended his role as the messenge boy.(Para. 22)Q6: What changes happened to the narrator as a boy? Why?Changes brought by the telephoneTo be continued on the nest page

20、. Many people were leaving the village for big cities or foreign countries to find jobs and better life.Result: the village reduced to a skeleton of its former self.(Paras. 2325)Q7: What other changes took place in the village? Changes brought by the telephoneTo be continued on the nest page.Q: What

21、 was the narrators feeling toward the changes?Part. 2 (Paras. 1125)The end of Text AnalysisPara. 1 time didnt mean much to anybody, except maybe to those who were dying.The villagers didnt think time was important until perhaps when they were dying. go to 2In those days, there was no real need for a

22、 calendar or a watch to keep track of the hours, days, months, and years. keep track of: to keep oneself informed about a person, situation, etc. cf. lose track of: to fail to remain informedExamples:They try hard to keep track of their favorite stars.He loses track of time whenever he surfs the Net

23、. Note:go to 3Para. 2 But ours was a natural or, rather, a divine-calendar, because it was framed by acts of God: earthquakes and droughts and floods and locusts and pestilences. We used natural disasters to keep track of time and of the important events in our lives. This was a natural calendar tho

24、ugh it is more accurate to say a divine calendar, for sunrise and sunset, the change of seasons, and earthquakes and droughts and floods and locusts and pestilences were all works of God.go to 4Para. 4 that caused the roof on the mayors house to cave in. (of roof or wall) to fall down or inward; to

25、collapse go to 5塌落，倒塌 that caused the mayors house roof to collapse.Para. 7 You couldnt be more accurate than that, now, could you? go to 6 (spoken) used for giving emphasis to a request, order, or commentExamples:Be careful, now. (order)Now, whats going on here? (request)Its marvelous, now isnt it?

26、 (comment)Para. 8 And thats the way it was in our little village for as far back as anybody could remember. go to 7And thats how we kept track of the important events in our little village to the extent that/ for as long as the oldest people could remember.serve as the object of “for”Para. 8 because

27、 men who would not lie even to save their own souls told and retold that story until it was incorporated into Magdalunas calendar.go to 8 to save their lives This shows, to some extent, the way of thinking of the villagers in those days when honesty prevailed. They trusted honest people and didnt se

28、ek any proof for what had been said about past events.Note until the event became one of the things by which we kept track of the important events in our lives.To be continued on the nest page.incorporate sth. (into): to add or include sth. as part of sth. elseExamples:The company decided to incorpo

29、rate the new feature into their microcomputer.A number of courses in public relations have been incorporated into our curriculum.包含，并入back to 7Note:Para. 9 There was, for instance, the year of the drought, when the heavens were shut for months and the spring from which the entire village got its dri

30、nking water slowed to a trickle.Gradually there was only a small amount of water coming slowly out of the spring.go to 9 It didnt rain for months as if the sky were shut tight. (literary) the skyNoteTo be continued on the nest page.to: used for stating what condition or state sb. or sth. is after a

31、changeNote:Examples:The ancient temple has been restored to its former glory.The disease has reduced the patient to a bag of bones.back to 8 Para. 9 their napping men and wet babies go to 10 their husbands who were taking a nap and their babies who were breast fedCultural Note:Men in Arab countries,

32、 especially in the countryside, usually dont do any housework.Para. 10 And sometimes the arguments escalated into full-blown, knockdown-dragout fights.go to 11 And sometimes the arguments became so fierce that the women began to fight violently.(AmE.) very violent or uncontrolledin the most complete

33、 and developed formPara. 10 call each other names that made my ears tingle go to 12cf. call ones name to abuse them by insulting words the words they used when they were quarreling were so offensive that we little boys felt uncomfortablePara. 10 I remember the rush, the excitement, the sun dancing o

34、n the dust clouds as a dress ripped and a young white breast was revealed, then quickly hidden.Some women were fighting furiously creating dust clouds. The sun was moving quickly on the dust when a young womans dress was torn open and her breast exposed. We little boys would rush to steal a glance b

35、efore it was hidden again. I still remember the excitement I felt at such moments.go to 13 Para. 11 Magdaluna was not going to get anywhere until it had one.go to 14 Magdaluna wouldnt achieve any success without a telephone. NoteTo be continued on the nest page.Losing your temper wont get you anywhe

36、re with them.to get anywhere/somewhere/nowhere: to make some/no progress or have some/no successNote:Examples:Have you got anywhere in your project?Youll surely get somewhere if you persist in it.back to 13cf. not to get sb. anywhere: wont help sb. to succeedPara. 11 But they were outshouted and ign

37、ored and finally shunned by the other villagersgo to 15 But the majority of the villagers were for the telephone, and they wouldnt listen to those few people who were finally deliberately avoided for resisting progress.self-coined word: prefix “out-” + shoutthose for the telephone were louder (or st

38、ronger) than the others in their argumentsPara. 20 when the loud voices of the men talking, laughing, and arguing could be heard in the street belowa reassuring, homey sound.go to 16a sound that makes you feel less worried and that is in a pleasant way and reminds you of homeappositivePara. 21 the s

39、ignal that they were ready to toss back and forth, like a ball, the latest rumors going around the village.go to 17 this showed that now they were ready to exchange the latest news.appositive clausePara. 22 The telephone was also bad news for me personally. It took away my lucrative businessa source

40、 of much-needed income.go to 18 For the boy the coming of the telephone deprived him of the opportunity to earn some money. used humorously to exaggerate the boys disappointment at his lossPara. 22 On a good day, I ran nine or ten of those errands, which assured a steady supply of marbles that I usu

41、ally lost to other boys.go to 19 When I was lucky, I got nine or ten errands to run a day. With the money I earned I could buy new marbles so that I always had an adequate number to play with, although I usually lost them to other boys.to make sth. certain to happenExample:Strength and good tactics

42、assured his success at the Asian Games.Para. 24 Magdaluna became a skeleton of its former self, desolate and forsaken, like the tombs, a place to get away from. With the healthy, the young, and the able-bodied all gone, Magdaluna was not what it had been. The house, the streets and the store were th

43、ere, but they were no longer alive with laughter and the loud voices of the men talking, laughing, and arguing. It became a much-deserted place, a place to escape from, like a graveyard or cemetery.The end of Sentence Paraphrase. Typical Narrative Techniques the use of figure of speech with a local

44、flavorWe knew what to do and when to do it, just as the Iraqi geese knew when to fly north, driven by the hot wind that blew in from the desert. (Para. 1)The most striking narrative technique in the essay To be continued on the nest page. Typical Narrative Techniques the two important-looking men fr

45、om the telephone company, who proceeded with utmost gravity, like priests at communion, to wire up the telephone. (Para. 13)I wriggled my way through the dense forest of legs to get a firsthand look at the action. (Para. 1)figure of speech with a local flavorTo be continued on the nest page. Typical

46、 Narrative Techniques Her house was an island of comfort, an oasis for the weary village men, exhausted from having so little to do. (Para. 1) they were ready to toss back and forth, like a ball, the latest rumors going around the village. (Para.1)Magdaluna bacame a skeleton of its former self, deso

47、late and forsaken, like the tombs, a place to get away from. (Para. 1)figure of speech with a local flavorTo be continued on the nest page.paradox a situation or statement that seems strange or impossible because it contains two ideas that are both trueExamples:He was shocked by the poverty in the m

48、idst of affluence.She was a devout Catholic and also the village whore.He is vain about not being vain.To be continued on the nest page.Her house was an oasis for the weary village men, exhausted from having so little to do.All mothers know that they sometimes have to be cruel to be kind.The more we

49、 possess, the more we are possessed.No belief is in itself a belief.The end of Writing Devices.ENTER I. Word Study II. Phrases and Expressions III. Word BuildingWord list:1. congregate2. curse3. desolate4. devout5. dung6. escalate7. forsake8. lure9. reveal10. shun11. weary12. wring1.congregate v. to

50、 assemble; to get togetherExamples: The famous singer was congregated by a crowd of enthusiastic fans. A congregation of wild geese flied south. a congregate prison 集体监狱集体监狱adj. congregate n. congregation Word formation To be continued on the next page.Examples:congregational singing 会众唱歌会众唱歌Congreg

51、ational Church 公理会公理会congregationalism （基督教）公理制（基督教）公理制 congregational adj. Identify these words. Lesson 10 The Telephone2. curse v./ n to appeal to some supernatural power; to bring evil or injury to sb. you hate Examples:She cursed terribly. 她大肆咒骂。她大肆咒骂。curse and swear 恶言辱骂恶言辱骂 call down curses up

52、on sb. 祈求上天降祸于某人祈求上天降祸于某人 be under a curse 受诅咒遭殃受诅咒遭殃lay sb. under a curse 诅咒某人诅咒某人3.desolate adj. / v. deserted; made unfit for habitationExamples:She was desolate after her parents died.The land was desolated by floods.We were desolated to hear the news of her death. More examplesTo be continued o

53、n the next page.desolate landa desolate old housethe desolate poor a desolate lifedesolate memories desolateTranslation 不毛之地不毛之地 废旧的房屋废旧的房屋 悲惨的穷人悲惨的穷人 沉闷的生活沉闷的生活 令人沮丧的回忆令人沮丧的回忆Examples:a devout admirer devout thanks4. devout adj. devoted to divine worship or serviceSynonymspiousferventearnest5.dungn

54、. a.solid waste material passed from the bowels of animals (esp. cows and horses) b. sth. often mixed with soil to make the soil produce more plants dungy adj. Synonymsexcrementmanure Examples:escalate the arms raceescalating price/pressureIf we surrender on this small issue, they undoubtedly will e

55、scalate their demands. escalator 自动扶梯自动扶梯v. to increase in intensity or extent6. escalateTranslation逐渐增强逐渐增强逐渐上升逐渐上升扩大扩大 7.forsake v. a. to quit or leave entirely b. to give up or renounce (a habit, way of life, etc.) Examples:forsake the theater forsake a bad habit an old forsaken houseHe was forsa

56、ken by his friends. Synonymsabandondesert 8. lurev. to attract, draw or recall n. anything that attracts; power of attractingSynonyms allure decoy entice temptExamples:The hunter lured the fox into a trap.Large firms lure customers away with slick advertisement.The beaches have become a lure for wal

57、king, especially in the early evening.9.reveal v. a. to make known; to disclose b. to lay open to view; to expose/show/ display/exhibitExamples:Investigation has revealed him to be a criminal.She drew the curtains aside to reveal a beautiful garden.Their faces revealed anger and alarm.Translation揭露揭

58、示揭露揭示展示显示展示显示cf. revealingTo be continued on the next page.Examples: a revealing dress a revealing conversation/experience We listened to him for two solid hours, but he had nothing very revealing to say.revealing adj.Translation暴露身体的暴露身体的有启迪作用的有启迪作用的a. exposing parts of the body that are usually co

59、veredb. giving information or insight about sth. previously concealed 10. shun v. to keep away from; to take pains to avoid Examples:He was shunned by his former friends.Most medical graduates shun posts in geriatric medicine. cf. shunt转移；摆脱转移；摆脱疲劳的疲劳的沉闷的沉闷的11. weary adj. Examples:She took on a wear

60、y look with 30 days, continuous fighting.Programs on TV have degenerated into weary repetition of each other. He has been weary of/with power politics.Translation绞出，拧出绞出，拧出强行索取强行索取使痛苦使痛苦TranslationExamples:The worker wrings the water from the towel.The robber intends to wring money out of/ from the