2012版高考英语 3-2-1精品系列 专题25 新题型 七选五阅读理解

1、3年高考2年模拟1年原创专题25 新题型七选五阅读理解（教师版）【考点定位】 2013考纲解读和近几年考点分布目前考察7选5阅读理解的省份有北京，宁夏、海南，辽宁和新课标1地区。2008年宁夏推出了阅读理解新题型,2009年辽宁省也选用了这一题型,"如果希望明确、深刻地理解一篇文章,必须对文章的结构有所了解,把握住全篇的文脉,即句与句.段与段之间的逻辑关系."是普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（宁夏卷)说明中的要求.阅读填空题就很好地体现了这一要求。【考点pk】 名师考点透析根据出题形式的不同,填空类题型可以分为句子填空题,段落摘要,带选项的段落摘要等题型。.传统的分题型讲解的

2、方法倾向于把这些题型拆开,这些题型的出题思路大同小异,一旦掌握了这些题目的共性,做题就会变得易如反掌。1考查内容均为细节每一道填空题的题目基本上都是对原文的一句话或者几句话进行的同义改写,不会出现对多句话或者是整段进行的概括归纳.2所填答案基本唯一虽然这种考试需要考生自己书写答案,但是所有答案均来自于原文,不需要考生用自己的语言对原词进行改写.极个别情况下会出现词序颠倒,但是基本上不需要考生进行词性.时态.单复数等曲折形式的转换.这是由阅读的目的所决定的,只考查考生的阅读能力,而无意检验考生的写作能力.3凸显构成语段的方式一是靠句际间意义的结合,二是靠句际间的关联词,逻辑性插入语来连接,我们在

3、分析语段层次时,可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断,但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系,把握作者的思路,从语序上去发现断续点,理清层次,好文章的层次非矴逦?只有层层入手,才能真正理解文章.通过对高考中“七选五”型阅读理原题以及大量同类试题研究可知，此类试题虽然新颖，但是也有其特有的解题规律，主要注重解题的窍门和方法，成功闯关，选准答案的难度并不大。 根据作者归纳的解题方法和窍门，为帮助同学们记忆和使用，特将此方法归结为“通读全文、详读段落、定位选项、通读复检、确定排除”五步解题法。以下就此方法进行分析，希望此方法能为同学们的解题提供助力。步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键

4、词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。一篇文章作为

5、一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。  【三年高考】 09、10、11 、12高考试题及其解析2012高考英语试题 2012·辽宁卷 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Make FriendsFriendship is a very important huma

6、n relationship and everyone needs good friends. Good friendship has many benefits. It offers companionship, improves self­worth and promotes good health. There are times in our lives such as when we have recently moved into a new town, or changed our jobs or schools. Such changes often leave us

7、 without a friend. _71_ But for many of us the process is difficult and requires courage. Below are some helpful suggestions on how to make and keep friends.1. Associate with others.The first step to making friends is associating with other people. You can go to public places to meet new people. Bes

8、ides, you will need to make yourself known by becoming an active member of such places. 2. Start a conversation.Starting a conversation is the second most important step in making new friends. _72_ You can always start the conversation. Being able to make small talk is a very useful skill in relatin

9、g with other people.3. _73_Choosing friends with common interests is important in building friendship as these interests would always bring you and your friend together. Hanging out will always be a pleasant experience.4. Let it grow.It is a good thing to stay in touch. However, try not to press you

10、r new friend with calls, messages or visits as this would likely wear him or her out and finally you may lose your friend. _74_ The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.5. Enjoy your friendship.The best way to enjoy your friendship is to allow your friends to be themselves. _75_ Try not

11、 to change them from who they are to what you want them to be. Become the kind of friend you will want your friend to be to you. A. Be cheerful. B. Do things together. C. Do not wait to be spoken to. D. Try not to find fault with your friends. E. Making new friends comes easy for some people. F. For

12、 a friendship to develop you need to stay in touch. G. So you will need to give your friend time to react to you.74. G联系空前的内容，以及空后的The best friendships are the ones that grow naturally.我们知道，要给你的朋友时间，让他来接近你。75. D联系Try not to change them我们可以知道，不要老是挑朋友的过错且此处前后句式一样。2012·课标全国卷 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白

13、处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stress Everybody gets stressed from time to time. _71_ Some ways of dealing with stresslike screaming or hitting someonedon't solve (解决) much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or a

14、t least feeling better. Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed：(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. _72_ They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or

15、 the death of a beloved pet.(2) Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself. _73_(3) Try to solve the problem.

16、After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business. _74_ Even if you can't solve it all, you can solve a piece of it. (4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem a

17、nd start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. _75_ AAsk for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. BNotice your friends' fee

18、lings and find a way to help them. CDifferent people feel stress in different ways. DAh, it feels so good when the stress is gone. EYou need to figure out what the problem is. FAnd don't forget about your friends. GThen, find a way to calm down.解析 71. C考查语境理解及主题句。根据后文可知：不同的人减压的方式不同，是因为他们感到压力的方式不

19、同。 2012·北京卷 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _71_ Today, people spend more time alone and are

20、 less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co­director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. _72_There are good reasons

21、not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. _73_ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self­respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader

22、. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. _74_“Academics are important. But if you don't have emotional(情感的) intelligence, you won't be as successful in work or in your love life，”she says.What't the b

23、est way to up your EQ(情商)？For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. _75_To really develop empathy, you'd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for

24、pets at an animal shelter.AEveryone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.BThat could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.C“One doesn't develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking，”Freed sa

25、ys.DHumans learn by exampleand most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.EEmpathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone elseboth what they think and how they feel.FGood social skillsincluding empathyare a kind of“emotional intelligence”that will help you succeed in many area

26、s of life.GHaving relationships with other people is an important part of being humanand having empathy is decisive to those relationships.【要点综述】本文是一篇社会科学方面的论文，内容是Empathy(同感，共鸣)。文章遵循“下定义列举现象分析原因正面导向方法指导”的思路写成。结构严谨。74. F本空考查承上启下。本段主要讲述的是情感智能，因此本句放入文中最能体现文章的整体性和一致性，故选F。75. C本空考查并列的逻辑关系。根据空前“listen to

27、others”说的是要做个好的倾听者，所以空白处会填入有关听的技巧，故选C。2011高考英语试题（2011新课标卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Money MattersParents should help their children understand money. 71 so you may start tallking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things,candy or toys,for example.1. The basic func

28、tion of moneyBeing explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services.its important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have.If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier .72 when your

29、child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money.2.Money lessonsApproach money lessons with openness and honesty. 73 If you must say no to a childs request to spend money,explain,”You have enough toy trucks for now.”Or,if

30、the request is for many different things, say.“You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy.”3. 74 Begin at the grocery store. Pick put similar brands of a producta name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品),for example.You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a

31、 product so that you can save money. 75 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved.Later,you may explains how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases.A. wise decision.B. The value of money.C. Permit the child why he canor cannotha

32、ve certain things.D. Talk yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you.F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store.G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he

33、shows an interest.【解题导语】文章介绍了父母应该如何帮助孩子了解金钱。接下来，文章通过三个方面分别加以介绍，文章为总分结构。71. 答案G。根据后一句so you may start tallking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things,candy or toys。关键词interest，可知G项正确。父母要在孩子对感兴趣的时候教孩子了解金钱。（2011辽宁卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Easy Ways to Keep Your

34、Brain SharpEveryone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bitand that can be a very annoying thing. 71 Read on for some techniques worth trying.1. 72 People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percentreduced chance of Alz

35、heimer's disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study. 73 Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, kee

36、p your brain looking forward.2. Go for a walk.Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact,exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 74 3. Learn something

37、 new.Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. 75 Or

38、go dancing with your friends.A.Focus on the future.B.This can be especially harmful to the aged.C.It should be something like learning gardening.D.So take a few minutes each day to do some reading. E.But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events.F.Luckily, research

39、shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.G.In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.【答案】：71.F 72.A 73.E 74.G 75.C（2011北京卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Public speaking and critical thinkingWhat is critical thinking ? to a certain degree

40、,its a matter of logic （逻辑）of being able to spot weaknesses in other people s argument and to avoid them in your own ,it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence .In the broad sense ,critical thinking is focused ,organized thinking

41、 the ability to see clearly their lationships among ideas. 71 the greatest thinkers ,scientists ,and inventors have often taken information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas.that,too,is critical thinking. 72 As the class goes on, for example, you will pr

42、obably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purely mechanical（机械的）exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking. If the stucture of your speech is loose and con

43、fused, chances are that your thinking is also discovered and confused. If, on the other hand ,the stucture is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech is not a matter of arraging the ideas your already have. 73What is true of organization is true of many aspects of pub

44、lic speaking. 74 As you work on expressing your ideas in clear, accurate language, you will Improve your ability to think clearly and accutately. 75 As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class. You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take

45、full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as critical thinker in many circumstances. This is one reason public speaking has been regarded as a vital part of education since the days of ancient Greece.7175 DEAFG2010高考英语试题高考题（2010高考辽宁卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项

46、中有两项为多余选项。I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier（收银台）in her general store. 71 I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you.”At first I was paid in candy. 72 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and

47、holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account. 73 By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics（化妆品）. I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women woul

48、d ask me such things as “ What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup（化妆）ideas. 74 The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didnt need to be a Rocket scientistyou needed to be

49、 a great listener. _75_ Except they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.A. Later I received 50 cents an hour.B. Before long, she let me sit there by myself.C. I ended my selling a record amount

50、of cosmetics.D. Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.E. My grandmas trust taught me how to handle responsibility.F. Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before.G. Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.75. D。上文提到a valuabl

51、e lesson，这里承接上下文。(2010高考英语北京卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Muzak The next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear? 71 It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's because this music was especial

52、ly designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy. Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway. Quiet background music used to be called "elevator (电梯) music" because we often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more

53、 places, and it has a new name "Muzak". About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak" everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the a

54、fternoon, when people are more tired. 72 If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73 Music is often played in publ

55、ic places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak doeswhat it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers b

56、uy 38 percent more groceries. 75 . They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they he

57、ar Muzak! A. Some people don't like Muzak.B. The music gives them extra energy.C. Music is playing in the background.D. Factory workers produce 13 percent more. E. Muzak tends to help people understand music better.F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.G. Muzak is play

58、ed in most of the big supermarkets in the world.【语篇解读】本文介绍了现在流行的录音助兴音乐-Muzak，即在很多商店，超市或者银行等公共场所被播放的背景音乐，在讲述它所所带来的好处的同事也谈到了其缺点。74. 【答案】D【解析】根据上句“tired office workers suddenly have more energy”以及下句“supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent more groceries”可知D项正确。.2009高考英语试题高考题（2009高考辽宁卷）（A）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。71 Home can be a great place for ch