7英语历年真题与命题规律解析

1、目 录第一部分 考研英语试题特点分析 .2一、测试内容的总体特点 .2 二、试题的个性化特点 .2 三、试题的唯一性 .3 第二部分20072009 考研英语真题及解析.52007 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题.52007 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案.172008 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题 .202008 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案.312009 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题.332009 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题参考答案.44 第三部分 考研英语全程复习攻略 .47 一、参考书选择建议 .47 二、考研英语四轮复习法 .48第一部分 考研英

2、语试题特点分析全国硕士研究生入学统一考试是为高等学校和科研机构招收硕士研究生而设置的。作为一项 大规模的选拔性考试，考研英语的试题鲜明地体现了自身的特色与宗旨。 一、测试内容的总体特点1. 注重语言意义，而非语言形式 近几年的考研英语试题都有特定的语境和情景，体现了对语言意义的领悟与判断。试卷里几乎没有死记硬背、单纯使用语言形式来选择选项的试题，而是更注重对考生语言意义理解能力的 考查。2测试的基本点定位在语篇上 近几年的试卷测重对语篇能力的检测，对语言知识、语言技能的考核都是通过语境和语篇来完成的。尤其是在完形填空和阅读理解两个题型，题材广泛而新颖，涉及人文、社会、科普、经 济、文化教育和生

3、物自然等方面，深层次理解题的比例在逐年加大。这些题的答案，考生若不经 过上下文的逻辑推理、揣测作者的意图、挖掘深层含义，是完成不好的。另外，考题中语篇加长， 对学生的阅读速度也提出更高的要求，需要猜测的词语约占语篇数的 3，若考生的知识面狭窄， 理解的难度就会更大。3注重基础知识的测试，加强了对学生语言运用能力的考核 在近几年的考研英语试题中不在设置单纯考查词汇、语法的项目，这是否意味着考研试题忽略了对基础知识的测试？在 2002 年至 2009 年的考研大纲中，都明确要求考生具备“在交际中更 准确、自如地运用语法知识”这一语言能力。由此可见，考研英语绝不是不注重基础知识的测试， 而是考核形式

4、改变了，考查要求更高了。考研英语对基础知识的测试贯穿在整个英语考卷中。完 型填空题会直接考查语法知识；阅读理解题和英译汉中有大量的长难句，这些句子只有具备一定 的语法知识才能正确分析；作文中要写出正确无误的句子，也需要语法知识做积淀。因此，考研 英语是从语篇角度测试考生对英语基础知识的运用能力。4. 注重选材的时代性和实用性 考研试题的素材均选自英文原版书籍、英文主流媒体和英语国家经常阅读的书刊。试卷中的文章均是原汁原味的真实语料，体现了语言的真实性和实用性。而且所选文章多来自最新的英文 资料，更好的反映了当代英语语言的时代特点。同时从历年命制的试题看，被选取的文章的体裁 绝大多数为议论性的、

5、评论性的和报道性的；多为分析论证的文章，很少有纯粹的文学文章。这 同攻读硕士学位研究生期间将面对大量的概括性强、抽象思维为主的材料有关。二、试题的个性化特点目前面向大学生及社会人员的大规模英语考试共有 8 种左右，但考研英语作为一种选拔性的 考试在考查内容、考查角度以及测试目标上和其他考试都有着本质区别，保持了自身独特的特点。 由于大英四、六级是考生普遍参加的一项考试，现仅对比分析考研英语与大英四六级。考研英语与大英四、六级英语有如下具体的区别： 第一，词汇。考研英语在词汇上主要考察熟词新义，有些中学词汇的新用法都能考的一塌糊涂；四、六级英语主要考察生词的第一意义或常用意义，只要你背了大纲的词

6、汇表，基本就没问 题；第二，语言材料。考研英语的语言材料多长难句；四、六级英语几乎没有长难句，都是很简 单的句子，意思几乎一看就明白，不用仔细琢磨其意义；第三，试题选项。完型和阅读理解是考研和四六级都要考到的题型，但考研英语试题选项多 陷阱，考生要有很强的分析能力和抗干扰的能力；四、六级英语试题选项的迷惑性不是很强，一 眼就能看出哪个是正确答案，哪个是干扰项。第四，大英四六级中也涉及翻译、写作题型，但考研英语对翻译、写作能力的考查在难度及 复杂性上远远大于大英四六级的要求；第五，考研阅读理解 B 部分即阅读理解新题型是考研独有的题型，该题型主要考查考生对连 贯性、一致性、逻辑性等语篇、语段整体

7、性特征及文章结构的理解，这对考生的综合阅读能力提 出了更高的要求；第六，测试目的。考研英语体现的是难度，四、六级英语体现的是速度。比如一个阅读片段， 考研英语一般要花 15 分钟去推敲琢磨，而六级英语必须在 8-9 分钟作完；第七、大英四六级严格规定对试题的作答顺序而考研英语只需在三小时完成试题就可，至于 答题的顺序可根据个人喜好自主进行。综上所述，大学英语四、六级是针对大部分大学生的一种测试，主要在于考查大学生在大学 期间的英语学习成果，其宗旨是希望大多数学生都能够在正规英语课堂训练之后通过这些测试， 因此四、六级考的主要是水平和速度。而考研阅读考的则是更高层次的英语能力，因为研究生入 学考

8、试是一种选拔性测试，意在通过考试选出优秀的学生进行深造，因而对考生各方面的素质和 能力、包括英语阅读能力提出了更高的要求。因此，想比四、六级考试的阅读文章和阅读题，考研阅读文章选材更加广泛，文章不论从长 度、词汇、句子、还是逻辑等各个角度来说难度都远远大于四、六级，同时命题也更加具有多变 性和迷惑性。这些都对考生的实战能力提出了更高的要求，特别要对阅读理解题目的考点和命题 原则知根知底。一般来说，四、六级阅读每篇花大约 8-10 分钟就能够完成，而考研阅读每篇则 需要 10-20 分钟。三、试题的唯一性考研英语试题的命制是一门科学，也是一项系统工程。需经过前期命题理论的研究，试题的 研发，题库

9、的规划与建设，以及试题命制过程中的人力、财力与物力等的强有力的保障，才能达 到考研试题的科学性、合理性、均衡性和前瞻性诸要求并能有效发挥考研试题的功能。而且试题 在命制时要恪守七项标准：1试题应该符合该学科的学理逻辑；2试题应该符合语言发展的逻辑；3试题应该符合文化的发展规律；4试题应该符合测试学的一般规律；5试题应该符合试题命制的一般规律；6试题应该符合试题自身的功能目的；7试题应该符合统计学意义上的考点变化规律。 因此，经过这样一个周密而浩大的流程命制出的试题，试题所体现出的信度、效度、区分度是任何模拟试题都难以披靡的。当然，考研试题除了在测试内容上具有唯一性外，还值得一提的是，既然考研的

10、全称是全国 硕士研究生入学统一考试，那自然是试卷由教育部考试中心统一命制，全国报考不同院校的考生 大家共同作答唯一的一份试卷，虽然有些高校可以自主划定初始录取分数线，但他们也不具有单 独、自主命制试题的资格。第二部分20072009 考研英语真题及解析2007 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or Don ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 p

11、oints)By 1830, the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1_ of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3_ the ideas of representative government, ca

12、reers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade in the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the

13、 issue of 8_ of religion and the position of the church, 9 , there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown, 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states, some sough to en

14、d the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he lib

15、erated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spains 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18_ because the new nations still needed the revenue. Such policies 19 Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass

16、 of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.A nativesB inhabitantsC peopleD individuals2.A confusedlyB cheerfullyC worriedlyD hopefully3.A sharedB forgotC attainedD rejected4.A relatedB closeC openD devoted5.A accessB successionC rightD return6.A PresumablyB IncidentallyC ObviouslyD Generall

17、y7.A uniqueB commonC particularD typical8.A freedomB originC impactD reform9.A thereforeB howeverC indeedD moreover10.A withB aboutC amongD by11.A allowedB preachedC grantedD funded12.A SinceB IfC UnlessD While13.A asB forC underD against14.A spreadB interferenceC exclusionD influence15.A supportB c

18、ryC pleaD wish16.A urgedB intendedC expectedD promised17.A controllingB formerC remainingD original18.A slowerB fasterC easierD tougher19.A createdB producedC contributedD preferred20.A puzzled byB hostile toC pessimistic aboutD unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the

19、 following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer

20、 players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.What might account for this s

21、trange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, atthe annual peak of soccer man

22、ia; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he s

23、witched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after

24、about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn

25、differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice e

26、ntails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather

27、 all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers

28、whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned toA stress the importance of professional training. B spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.C introduce the topic of what makes

29、 expert performance. D explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably meansA fun. B craze. C hysteria.D excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memoryA depends on meaningful processing of information. B results from intuitive rather

30、than cognitive exercises.C is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.D requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe thatA talent is a dominating factor for professional success.B biographical data provide the key to excellent

31、 performance. C the role of talent tends to be overlooked.D high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? A “Faith will move mountains.”B “One reaps what one sows.” C “Practice makes perfect.” D “Like father

32、, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 the highest score ever

33、 recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, Whats the dif

34、ference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? Its not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more t

35、han a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are no

36、t given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and childrens version).Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variatio

37、ns of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savants are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other st

38、andardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intell

39、igent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ test do not necessarily predict so well once populations

40、or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that t

41、est-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligent test? A Answering philosophical questions.B Folding or cutting paper into different shapes. C Telling the difference between certain concepts.D Choo

42、sing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3? A People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence. B More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.C The test contents and formats for adults and children

43、 may be different. D Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savants becauseA the scores are obtained through different computational procedures. B creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized n

44、ow.C vos Savants case is an extreme one that will not repeat. D the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph thatA test scores may not be reliable indicators of ones ability. B IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.C testing involves a lot

45、 of guesswork. D traditional test are out of date.30. What is the authors attitude towards IQ test? A Supportive.B Skeptical. C Impartial. D Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure ha

46、d been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, p

47、olicymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to the limits of theirs new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachuted they once ha

48、d in times of financial setback a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But to

49、day, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining

50、 millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their

51、guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart worke

52、rs, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. Evendemographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in

53、 just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened sho

54、ulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Todays double-income families are at greater financial risk in thatA the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.B their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.C they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics. D they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bushs reform, retired people m