唐叔考研英语阅读笔记

1、食用小指南，尽情享用：建议用电脑或者手机端Wps打开，标注较多，直接打开无法显示。根据题型汇总题目。包含4篇精读。加粗重点看，其中选项中加粗的为正确选项。红色是关键，蓝色是定位，黄色是观点。一起分享，共同进步时间紧促，如有错误，敬请谅解。正反选项特征l 1正反混淆l 2偷换概念l 3答非所问l 4不同容的嫁接（逻辑错误）Lest 表示因果关系00.Text5.t69Should 表示相反00.Text5.t70l 5非最佳答案（与中心不统一）l 6绝对化用词（最高级）正确答案特征l 1同义改写干扰选项，主动偷换被动l 2与中心思想密切相关3语气缓和（may ）在infer 题目里只要选项里有m

2、ay100%正确标点符号的作用：逗号，两个逗号之外是主干，一个逗号之后不是主干！00-Text1-2， 96-T5-1,06-T2冒号，解释前面的容97-T3-t60We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive:(=)an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves

3、. When do these socially.60. The word “pervasive” (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean _.A widespread B overwhelmingC piercing D fashionable07-T4-t36-para1It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their fee

4、ble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them especially in America the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: (=)data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich indus

5、tries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the bosss agenda in businesses of every variety.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduceA the fierce business competition. B the feeble boss-board relations.C the threat from news report

6、s. D the severity of data leakage.分号，前后为并列关系，画等号03-T4-Para2Death is normal;(=)we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved.97-T5-Para3It is also less than

7、 most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation

8、 is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan;(=)over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.例证题(蓝色表示定位，黄色是观点)标志：example case illustrate demonstrate to show 例子本身不重要，例子前后观

9、点最重要！干扰选项就是例子本身99.T5.t67Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments.Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries a

10、nd thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didnt they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the questi

11、on he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that _.A inquiring minds are more important than scientific experimentsB science advances when fruitful researches are conductedC scientists se

12、ldom forget the essential nature of researchD unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research01.T2.t57To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still

13、 think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why Americas

14、Second Wave infrastructure - including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on - were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britains former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The America

15、ns.57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _.A providing financial support overseasB preventing foreign capitals controlC building industrial infrastructure D accepting foreign investment00.T2.t56 Where is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive

16、, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between peopl

17、e and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today - everyone being the same in survival and number of

18、offspring - means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes56 What does the example of India illustrate?A Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.B Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.C The middle cl

19、ass population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.D India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.03.Text2.t46To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end b

20、iomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates（情态动词表示作者观点）, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the ani

21、mal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately harm an animal46. The author begins hi

22、s article with Edmund Burkes words to _.A call on scientists to take some actionsB criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC warn of the doom of biomedical researchD show the triumph of the animal rights movementFor example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent str

23、eet fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animalsno meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would h

24、ave to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just dont understandt4848. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _. A discontent with animal researchB ignora

25、nce about medical science（ignorancedont understand反复出现） C indifference to epidemicsD anxiety about animal rights06T01t4 例子A yet观点B(AB相反)Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks,(A)yet(B)“some Americans fear t

26、hat immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nations assimilative power.”(B:移民对国家的同化力量免疫=国家的同化力量弱（Yet，说明应该与A事实相反）倒推A:（国家力量强大）=选项D)24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5? A To prove their popularity around the world.B To reveal the p

27、ublics fear of immigrants.C To give examples of successful immigrants.D To show the powerful influence of American culture.08T04t36 In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into hi

28、s jaw having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.Thats a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books（A） 。But（B）recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation.。36. Ge

29、orge Washingtons dental surgery is mentioned toA show the primitive medical practice in the past.（无中生有）B demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.（例子本身不是重点）C stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.(来自but后面的容即B，与A意思相反，而A与第一段才属于一个意群。)D reveal some unknown aspect of his life.（para2第一句Far d

30、ifferent:与承认自己砍了樱桃树的诚实的乔治的例子截然不同）作者观点态度情态动词作者态度03.02.t49Scientistsmust communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way - in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replac

31、ement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys vaccinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.49. The author believes that, in fac

32、e of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.A communicate more with the publicB employ hi-tech means in researchC feel no shame for their causeD strive to develop new cures引用名人名言作者观点2000TEXT51 If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition - wealth, distinction,

33、 control over ones destiny - must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambitions behalf（为了表达）. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an od

34、d way, however, it is the educated（who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal（定语从句）. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition - if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy（虚伪的！不认识的背单词去） in this, a case

35、 ofclosing the barn door after the horses have escaped - with the educated themselves riding on them.（这个例子简直就是虚伪本身啊！所以68答案出来啦=不诚实）2Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs - the locations, place names and name brands

36、 may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest（连词，以免，表因果关系）they be thought（被动！被认为！是。） pushing（有进取心的）, acquisitive （贪得无厌的）and vulgar（世俗的）.

37、 Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy

38、in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”3The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders ar

39、e few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that

40、 people no longer feel its stirrings （刺激）and promptings（促进）, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly（正确选项应该与之相反）.Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left

41、 angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.（拿到文章先看选项，串联成线索，由2000-text5 为例，通读题干中心词ambition野心，而且有些人不愿意表达自己的野心）67. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regardedif _.A its returns well compensate for

42、the sacrifices（这些补偿包含了物质权利等。）B it is rewarded with money, fame and power（片面）C its goals are spiritual rather than material（选项本身错误，有物质财富）D it is shared by the rich and the famous68. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is _.A customary of the educated to discard ambi

43、tion in wordsB too late to check ambition once it has been let outC dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal（=hypocritical）D impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because _.（因果逻辑关系）A they think of it as

44、immoral（原文be thought主被动混淆）B their pursuits are not fame or wealthC ambition is not closely related to material benefitsD they do not want to appear greedy 贪婪的and contemptible受鄙视的（同义替换）70. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained _.（should表示相反，所以是“应该”）AB选

45、项意思相反（注意情态动词的使用）A secretly and vigorously（=driven underground, or made sly）B openly and enthusiastically公开地，满腔热情地C easily and momentarilyD verbally and spiritually2004TEXT21 Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form

46、continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.2 It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when cu

47、stomers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A a

48、nd K.3 Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bushs predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of governme

49、nt of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi). The worlds three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the wo

50、rlds five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).4 Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabet

51、ically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the r

52、esult may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.5The humiliation continues.（=discrimination歧视） At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people a

53、re literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA A cars and Zodia

54、c cars?A A kind of overlooked inequality.(与unaware of同义替换 )B A type of conspicuous（显而易见的） bias.C A type of personal prejudice.D A kind of brand discrimination.47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?（infer推理题）A In both East and West, names are essential to success.B The alphabet is to

55、blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.C Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.D Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.（与t46相似）48. The 4th paragraph suggests that _.A questions are often put to the more intelligent students（无中生有）B alphabetically disadvantaged s

56、tudents often escape from class（未提与逃课）干扰来自：. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.C teachers should pay attention to all of their students（情态动词should=作者观点）来自：“ Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as we

57、ll as less confidence in speaking publicly”.D students should be seated according to their eyesight（无中生有）AB都可以选择，b更优，选项是比较出来的。49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph 5)?A They are getting impatient.B They are noisily dozing off.（打瞌睡）C They are feeling humiliated.（羞辱的）D They are busy with word puzzles.50. Which of the following is true according to the