考研英语1992真题及标准答案—选自1980真题

1、1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IStructure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets

2、. (5 points)1.The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds, _ could go penniless by next year.A the larger oneB the larger of whichC the largest one（B）D the largest of which2.Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always _ with other elements, most commonly wi

3、th oxygen.A combinedB having combinedC combine（D）D being combined3.Andrew, my fathers younger brother, will not be at the picnic, _ to the familys disappointment.A muchB moreC too much（A）D much more4.I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I _ fully occupied t

4、he whole of last week.A wereB had beenC have been（D）D was5.Help will come from the UN, but the aid will be _ near whats needed.A everywhereB somewhereC nowhere（C）D anywhere6.The chief reason for the population growth isnt so much a rise in birth rates _ a fall in death rates as a result of improveme

5、nts in medical care.A andB asC but（B）D or7.He claims to be an expert in astronomy, but in actual fact he is quite ignorant on the subject. _ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.A What littleB So muchC How much（A）D So little8.Although we feel dissatisfied with the election results, we hav

6、e to become reconciled _ the decision made by our fellow countrymen.A forB onC to（C）D in9.Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new phone _ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.A addingB to have addedC to add（D）D added

7、10.The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly _.A noticedB to be noticedC being noticed（B）D to noticePart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C and D. Identify the part of the sentenc

8、e that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)Example: foreign visitors to the industrial exhibition they many new products.Part C is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were taken to the in

9、dustrial exhibition where they saw many new products.” So you should choose C.11.Although Professor Greens lectures usually ran the period, of his students objected as they found his lectures both informative and interesting.（C）12. Edison died, it was proposed that the American people in their homes

10、, streets, and factories for several minutes this great man.（B）13.They the damage they supposed had been done by last storm.（B）14. the recent accidents, our parents forbid my brother and me in the river someone agrees over us.（B）15.A teachers believe that English is one of the subjects in high schoo

11、ls （C）16.In this way these insects show an efficient use of their ability, two sounds at a high rate as one （A）17.I thought the technician was for the of the fuse, but I see now I mistaken.（C）18.For him what is essential is not that his policy , the public believe that it （D）19. I am concerned, his

12、politics rather conservative with other （D）20.Id say whenever you after something that to you, anyone who you of the right to have it is （B）Part CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark you

13、r answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway.A vanishedB scatteredC abandonedD rejectedThe sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods o

14、ff the highway.” Therefore, you should choose C.21.When workers are organized in trade unions, employers find it hard to lay them _.A offB asideC out（A）D down22.The wealth of a country should be measured _ the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.A in line

15、withB in terms ofC in regard with（B）D by means of23.He has failed me so many times that I no longer place any _ on what he promises.A faithB beliefC credit（D）D reliance24.My students found the book _: it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.A enlighteningB confusingC distrac

16、ting（A）D amusing25.Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _ down the economy.A putB settleC drag（C）D knock26.In this factory the machines are not regulated _ but are jointly controlled by a central computer system.A independentlyB individuallyC irrespe

17、ctively（B）D irregularly27.Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be _ in some form.A given offB put outC set off（A）D used up28.If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that income

18、s from taxation might actually _.A shrinkB delayC disperse（A）D sink29.American companies are evolving from mass-production manufacturing to _ enterprises.A moveableB changingC flexible（C）D varying30.If you know what the trouble is, why dont you help them to _ the situation?A simplifyB modifyC verify

19、（D）D rectify31.I cant _ what has happened to the vegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning.A figure outB draw outC look out（A）D work out32.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat _.A disapprovalB rejectionC refusal（C）D decline33.From this material we can

20、 _ hundreds of what you may call direct products.A deriveB discernC diminish（A）D displace34.She had clearly no _ of doing any work, although she was very well paid.A tendencyB ambitionC intention（C）D willingness35.What seems confusing or fragmented at first might well become _ a third time.A clean a

21、nd measurableB notable and systematicC pure and wholesome（D）D clear and organic36.The public opinion was that the time was not _ for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.A reasonableB ripeC ready（B）D practical37.Hudson said he could not kill a living thing except for the _ of hunger

22、.A sensationB causeC purpose（D）D motive38.For the new country to survive, _ for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.A to name a fewB let aloneC not to speak（B）D lets say39.Foreign disinvestment and the _ of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985 further

23、 weakened its economy.A displacementB eliminationC exclusion（C）D exception40.When a number of people _ together in a conversational knot, each individual expresses his position in the group by where he stands.A padB packC squeeze（D）D clusterSection IICloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in t

24、he following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)Manpower Inc., with 560,000 workers, is the worlds largest temporary employment agency. Every morning,

25、 its people into the offices and factories of America, seeking a days work for a days pay. One day at a time. industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming. its economy continues to recover, the

26、 US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This “” work force is the most important in American business today, and it is changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive avoiding mark

27、et cycles and the growing burdens by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of that came from being a loyal employee.41.A swarmB strideC separate（A）D slip42.A ForB BecauseC As（C）D Since43.A fromB inC on（D）D by44.A Even

28、 thoughB Now thatC If only（A）D Provided that45.A durableB disposableC available（B）D transferable46.A approachB flowC fashion（D）D trend47.A instantlyB reverselyC fundamentally（C）D sufficiently48.A butB whileC and（B）D whereas49.A imposedB restrictedC illustrated（A）D confined50.A excitementB conviction

29、C enthusiasm（D）D importanceSection IIIReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the

30、 ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40 points)Text 1It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australias Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world

31、to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sen

32、t it on via the groups on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isnt just something that happened in Australia. Its world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and c

33、itizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Aust

34、ralia - where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part - other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiti

35、ng for the dominoes to start falling.Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death - probably by a deadly injection or pill - to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient

36、 can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his b

37、reathing condition. “Im not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how Id go, because Ive watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.51.From the second paragraph we learn that _.A the objection to euthanasia is sl

38、ow to come in other countriesB physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasiaC changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law（D）D it takes time to realize the significance of the laws passage52.When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes t

39、o start falling, he means _.A observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasiaB similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countriesC observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes（B）D the effect-taking process of the passed bill m

40、ay finally come to a stop53.When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will _.A face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasiaB experience the suffering of a lung cancer patientC have an intense fear of terrible suffering（A）D undergo a cooling off period of seven days54.The authors attitude towards euthanas

41、ia seems to be that of _.A oppositionB suspicionC approval（C）D indifferenceText 2A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best

42、 be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a travel

43、er was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.The harsh realities of the frontier also

44、shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of dai

45、ly life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers

46、 is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner - amazing.” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, b

47、ut are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumpt

48、ions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “translate” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American

49、uses the word “friend,” the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Am

50、ericans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.55.In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, _.A rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors（D）D most Americans are ready to off

51、er help56.It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _.A culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends（A）D social interrelationships equal the complex s

52、et of cultural conventions57.Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers _.A to improve their hard lifeB in view of their long-distance travelC to add some flavor to their own daily life（C）D out of a charitable impulse58.The tradition of hospitality to strangers _.A tends to be supe

53、rficial and artificialB is generally well kept up in the United StatesC is always understood properly（B）D has something to do with the busy tourist trailsText 3Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term d

54、rug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They dont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase “substance abuse” is

55、often used instead of “drug abuse” to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misus