全新大学英语第二 UNIT 语言点

1、Unit 2 ValuesHappiness is not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. Franklin D. Roosevelt幸福不在于仅仅拥有金钱，而在于取得成就时的喜悦和创造性劳动带来的喜悦、激动。 富兰克林·D·罗斯福Detailed Reading. Difficult Sentences1. (LL. 12) It was early December 2003, my first se

2、ason as a Salvation Army bell ringer, when I was confronted with the question.1. What does a Salvation Army bell ringer do?(=To ring the bell and ask people to donate money to help the poor.)2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=首次面对这个问题，是在2003年12月初我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。)2. (LL. 56) I can still see th

3、e confusion and curiosity in his eyes as he asked, “Are you poor?” 1. Why did the boy ask such a question?(=Because he was confused and curious.)2. How much did the boy know about the Salvation Army bell ringer?(=Obviously he knew nothing about that.)3. (LL. 78) “Well,” I stammered, trying to think,

4、 “I have more than some people, but not as much as other.” 1. How did the author think of the question?(=He thought it was difficult to answer.)2. What does the authors answer mean?(=This means he is neither poor nor rich.)4. (LL. 89) His mother scolded him for the social no-no .1. What is “social n

5、o-no”? (=Something that is socially inappropriate.)2. Why did the mother scold her son?(=Because the author looked poor, the question was socially inappropriate to ask.)5. (LL. 1314) Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have.1. What do many o

6、ther people have?(=The material things.)2. Please paraphrase this sentence. (=However, I have only occasionally felt the urge to go after the material things so many other people have.)6. (LL. 1920) And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.1. What is the “can do” attitude?(=That is self confide

7、nce.)2. How do you understand this sentence?(=And I love the feeling of self confidence brought by brisk exercises.)7. (L. 31) Shortly after her visit, our relationship went straight south. 1. What was their relationship after her visit?(=Their relationship went sour. That is to say, they were no lo

8、nger boyfriend and girlfriend.)2. Why there was such a change in their relationship?(=Because the girl actually paid much attention to material things although she claimed that she was interested in what was on the inside, and after she went to the authors apartment, she found he was really poor.) 8

9、. (LL. 3538) There is a commercial on the radio that begins, “Everybody wants a high-end TV ” The pressure to purchase is real. It may be true that everybody wants a high-end TV. After all, nobody wants to be a nobody.1. What is “a high-end TV”? (=A TV that is expensive and of high quality.)2. What

10、can be inferred from this part about what role commercials can play in society?(=Commercials can put people under pressure to purchase more than is really necessary.)9. (L. 49) December is the time of year I feel wealthiest. Why does the author think so?(=Because December is the time for him to work

11、 for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer, which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.)10. (LL. 5051) Over the past four years, Ive grown to understand more about myself because of a single question from a curious child.1. How has the boys question affecte

12、d the author?(=The boys question has helped him realize that, despite his lack of expensive possessions, he is rich in many other ways and should be thankful for that.)2. Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=由于一个好奇的孩子提了一个简单问题，我在过去的四年中对自己的了解进了一步。). Words and Expressions1. (L. 2) confront: vt. 1) (

13、of a problem, difficulty, etc.) face (sb.) threateningly * The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.* A major difficulty that confronts international students is how best to judge the quality of a program in a foreign university.2) (of a person) face and deal with (a problem, difficulty, e

14、tc.)军人必须面对危险和死亡。(=A soldier has to confront danger and death.)* Astronauts have to confront the unknown. be confronted with: be brought face to face (=The prisoner was confronted with his accusers.) * conclusions that can be confronted with experience2. (L. 3) donation: n. money or goods given for a

15、 good cause* The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations.他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。(=They made a generous donation to charity.)Collocation:a blood donation献血make/give a donation 捐赠promise a donation允诺捐助3. (L. 5) confusion: n. a state of uncertainty about what sth. means, etc.* The enemy retreated in g

16、reat confusion.他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。(=Their unexpected arrival threw our plan into confusion.)Collocation:covered with confusion非常慌张in confusion乱七八糟，处于混乱状态throw into confusion 使狼狈，使慌乱N.B.: 该词的动词为confuse，confusing意思是“令人困惑、迷惑的”， confused意思是“糊涂的、混杂的”。4. (L. 5) curiosity: n. a strong desire to know about sth

17、. * Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car?(=We burned with curiosity over what was in the box.)Collocation:from/out of curiosity在好奇心驱使下in open curiosity 公然出头过问与自己无关的事Curiosity killed a cat.好奇伤身。5. (L. 7) stammer: v. speak with a tendency to repeat rapidly the same sound or

18、syllable* Its cruel to make fun of people who stammer.他结结巴巴地道了谢。(=He stammered his thanks.)6. (L. 10) deny: vt.1) say that sth. is not true * There is no denying the fact that Japan began to invade China as early as the early 1930s. 2) refuse to admit or accept(=He denied knowing anything about thei

19、r plans.)7. (L. 10) fill out: add information such as your name and address in (a form or document)* It took me quite a while to fill out the questionnaire.请把附表填好。(=Please fill out the attached blank.)8. (L. 11) fall into: belong to (a particular group of things that have similar qualities) 理事会成员们意见

20、相左，分成自由和保守两个阵营(=The council members disagreed, falling into liberal and conservative camps.) * All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without.9. (L. 13) nothing more than: only, just(=Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory.) 这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。(=It is nothing mor

21、e than a made-up story.)10. (L. 19) attain: vt. succeed in achieving, esp. after a lot of effort 我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。(=Im determined to attain my purpose at any cost.)* She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot.Collocation:attain ones goal达到目的attain the age of 有岁了attain the top of a moutain到达山顶CF: get

22、, gain, obtain & attain这四个词都是动词，都有“得到”、“获得”之意。get是最普通的用语，可指通过任何方式的获得，多用于口语中。例如：* She got the highest score in fancy rope jumping. 她在花样跳绳中得分最高。gain多指在竞争中获得，所得的东西往往是有用的或是所期待的。例如：* I hope you will gain the victory this time. 我希望你这次获得胜利。obtain是书面语，指靠他人或自己努力而得到，强调结果或目的。例如： * By this method, we obtain

23、ed a good result. 我们用这种方法获得了好结果。attain强调达到完美的地步。例如：* Such a condition is very difficult to attain. 这样的情况是很难达到的。11. (L. 16) minimal: adj. very small in size or amount; as small as possible 暴风雨只造成极轻微的损失。(=The storm did only minimal damage.) * The Ford CEO offered to work for a minimal salary of one do

24、llar a year. N.B.: 该词的动词为minimize。反义词为maximal。12. (L. 21) cherish: vt. love (sth./sb.) very much and protect them(=Riding horses with my mother when I was a kid has become a cherished memory.) * She cherished the child as though he were her own.Collocation:cherish fond dreams of做的美梦cherished desire夙

25、愿cherish a deep love for热爱13. (L. 21) fabricate: vt. make up (a story, a piece of information, etc.) in order to deceive people * Have you ever lied a little, or fabricated a story about yourself, to impress someone you meet the first time?她缺席的借口显然是瞎编的。(=The excuse for her absence was obviously fabr

26、icated.)14. (L. 22) tickle: v. 1) amuse and interest * The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes. * It tickled her to think that her boss would dress up as a clown at the New Year party.2) move ones fingers on a sensitive part of anothers body in a way that makes them laugh * She tickled the boy

27、's feet and made him laugh. 婴儿喜欢轻轻呵痒和紧紧拥抱。(=Babies like to be tickled and hugged.)15. (L. 25) vital: adj. very important, necessary, or essential(=This point is vital to my argument.) * The leaders vital and cheerful manner filled his men with courage.Pattern: be vital to 对极为重要16. (L. 25) well o

28、ff: rich, or having enough money to live well * The Communist Party of China will lead the Chinese people in building a well-off society. 如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。 (=If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.)17. (L. 26) emotional: adj. connected with peoples feelings(=His emotional

29、language reduced many of the audience to tears.)* Nature has programmed us all with both physical and emotional needs.18. (L. 26) pursuit: n. the act of looking for or trying to find 我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作。(=We work hard in pursuit of happy life.)* He exercises every day in pursuit of health.Collocation:dai

30、ly pursuits日常事务educational pursuit教育事业pursuit of profit追逐利润in ones pursuit of happiness追求幸福19. (L. 26) out of place: feeling uncomfortable or not suitable in a particular situation* Your jokes are out of place on such a solemn occasion.在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。(=At the formal party I felt very awkward a

31、nd out of place.)20. (L. 34) in contrast to: when a contrast is made to * In contrast to her sister, she is very tall.(=In contrast to his brother, he is always considerate of others.)21. (L. 35) consequence: n. a result of sth. that has happened * Jimmy experienced severe headache as a consequence

32、of heavy drinking the night before. 这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。 (=Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.)Collocation:as a consequence因而，结果in consequence因此，结果in consequence of的结果，因为的缘故，由于of consequence有势力的，重要的take the consequences自食其果，承担责任CF: effect, result & consequence这三个词都是名词，都有“结

33、果”之意。effect表示由某种原因直接产生的某一结果或状况。result表示某一事件的发生或某一行为所造成的结果，有“最终的结果”之意。consequence表示由于逻辑推断得出的结果，或由于某种原因、一些必要的条件而造成的结果。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. The dilemmas that parents find themselves in today is a _ of changes in society. (=consequence

34、)2. I tried to persuade him, but with little or no _. (=effect)3. One of the _ of this illness is that you lose your hair. (=effects)4. It represents the _ of ten years labor. (=result)5. The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social _. (=consequences)22. (L. 36) commercial: 1. n. an ad

35、vertisement on TV or radio* TV commercials today are more imaginative than they were 20 years ago.2. adj. relating to business * He left the commercial world to become a government official. 商业函件(=commercial correspondence)23. (L. 39) focus: v. concentrate (ones attention, etc.) on (sth.); concentra

36、te (on sth.) (=You should focus your attention on your work.)* The only way to attain your goals is to stay focused and work hard.24. (L. 41) affluent: adj. rich enough to buy things for pleasure 自然资源丰富的土地(=land affluent in natural resources) * In an affluent society people can afford to strike a ba

37、lance between work and life.CF: rich, wealthy & affluent这三个词都是形容词，都有“丰富”、“富有”之意。rich意为“有钱的”、“富有的”，其程度超过正常需要的，语气强烈；形容人时，指拥有大量金钱、财产，其引申义为“富于”。例如：* The rich get richer while the poor get poorer. 富人更富，穷人更穷。wealthy指人、家庭或国家富有、安康、富裕；语气较缓，程度可大可小。尤指拥有大量财产、财富。例如：* Some wealthy people are likely to be phil

38、anthropists. 有些富人往往是慈善家。affluent意为“富裕的”、“富足的”，尤指家庭和社会，在这一点上相当于wealthy，是较正式用语。例如：* Its our duty to build an affluent and civilized society in the new century. 在新世纪建设一个富裕文明的社会是我们的义务。25. (L. 43) genuine: adj. real, true 他真心诚意地愿意帮助我们。 (=He has a genuine desire to help us.)* It appears to be genuine, but

39、 I have my suspicions about it.CF: real, true & genuine这三个词都是形容词，都有“真的”、“真正的”之意。real普通用语，指真实的或与事实相符的。true强调客观事实与实际情况相符合，兼有real的含义。genuine指真实性是有据可查的。(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. It is _ that the earth is round. (=true)2. Is this a _ Min

40、g vase? (=genuine)3. This is a story of _ life. (=real)4. A mirage（海市蜃楼） is not a _ object. (=real)5. _ silver (=genuine)26. (L. 45) go through: experience (sth. difficult or unpleasant)* Hes amazingly cheerful considering all that hes gone through. 孩提时代, 他经历了一个又一个的艰难困苦。(=When he was a child, he wen

41、t through one hardship after another.) (Directions:) Choose the appropriate translation for the expression “go through” in the following sentences.A. 检查、审查、搜查B. 完成、做完C. 遭受、经历D. 看完D 1. How long will it take to go through the book?C 2. Im flattered that you went through all this trouble just for me.A

42、3.They went through our luggage at the customs.B 4. With great concentration she went through the movements.27. (L. 47) linger: vi. 1) last or continue for a long time * Before leaving Suzhou, we took a last lingering look at the beautiful view.(=The beautiful melody is lingering in my mind.)2) take

43、 a long time to leave or disappear * He lingered outside the school after everybody else had gone home.CF: stay, remain & linger这三个词都是动词，都有“停留”、“逗留”之意。stay是本组词中最普通的用语。或长期或短期，或永远或暂时地停留。例如：* My car stays in the garage most of the week. 我的车子一周大部分时间都停放在车库里。remain强调维持原来的状态，表示“逗留”时比stay更正式些。例如：* Littl

44、e of the original architecture remains. 原来的建筑现在留存很少了。linger意思是“逗留”、“徘徊”，尤指迟迟不愿离开的样子。例如： * He should have gone out, but lingered over his meal till it was too late to catch the train. 他本该出门了，可还慢腾腾地吃饭，以致来不及赶火车了。28. (L. 47) individual: 1. n. person considered separately from their society 个人权利 (=rights

45、 of individuals)* The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community. 2. adj. of or for one person* A good coach knows how to take best advantage of the strength of each individual player on the team. * She has her own individual way of walking.29. (L. 52) tangible: adj. tha

46、t can be clearly seen to exist; that you can touch and feel* Tangible assets refer to those assets that have a physical form, such as machinery, buildings and land.(=Sculpture is a tangible art form.)N.B.: 该词的反义词为intangible。 . Language Study of Text B1. (para. 2) discount: n. amount of money which m

47、ay be taken off the full price * Traditional retailers whove opened cyber-stores may offer special discounts to online shoppers. 尽管网上书店常有折扣，但不要期望能省多少。(=Although online bookstores usually offer discounts, don't expect to save much.)2. (para. 5) folk: n. people in general (You can refer to people

48、as folk or folks.) * These are the folks from the local TV station. 他们结了婚，有了孩子，像其他人一样生活。(=They got married and had kids and lived like other folks.)3. (para. 5) get away with: do sth. wrong or risky without being caught or punished (In the text, it means “do sth. without experiencing any problems or

49、 difficulties”) * They claimed that they knew how to play the system and get away with it. 艾力克偷税漏税好些年，都没碰到麻烦。(=Eric has been getting away with tax fraud for years.)4. (para. 5) Only in America can a billionaire carry on like plain folks and get away with it. Paraphrase the sentence. (=Only in Americ

50、a can a very rich person live like ordinary people without experiencing any problems.)5. (para. 5) local: adj. of or for a particular place * The plane was to take off at 6 a.m. and land at 7 a.m. local time. 主办奥运会所需的四分之三的投资将由中央政府和当地政府承担。(=Three-quarters of the investment needed to host the Olympics

51、 would be borne by central and local government.)6. (para. 6) corporate: adj. relating to large companies * The two companies decided to merge to take advantage of similarities in their corporate cultures. 谷歌公司总部位于加州的山景城。(=The corporate headquarters of Google Inc. is located in Mountain View, Califo

52、rnia.)7. (para. 7) by all accounts: according to what everyone says * The Chinese football team will play the Koreans tonight. It should be a match worth watching, by all accounts. 大家都说汤姆是个很棒的老师。(=Tom, by all accounts, is a superb teacher.)8. (para. 7) blend: v. mix together * The singer is known fo

53、r blending Latin pop and American mainstream pop in her songs. 我们早饭吃什么？混合了香蕉、草莓、椰枣和芒果的水果布丁。(=What do we have for breakfast? A fruit pudding of blended bananas, strawberries, dates and mangos.)blend in/into: If sb. blends into a particular group or situation, or if they blend in, they seem to belong

54、there or are not noticeable, because their behavior is similar to that of the other people involved. (used in the patterns: blend in; blend into sth.; blend in with sth.)* As a newly-appointed manager, he was not sure whether he could blend in. * The painter blended in with the crowd at the art sale

55、.他说的话坚定了我的信念，要和周围打成一片。(=What he said reinforced my determination to blend in with my surroundings.)9. (para. 7) By all accounts, hes friendly, cheerful, a fine neighbor who does his best to blend in, never flashy, never throwing his weight around. Translate the sentence. (=人人都说他为人友善，性情开朗，是个好邻居；他尽力与人们融洽相处，从不炫耀，也不盛气凌人。)10. (para. 12) But one recent morning, The Richest Man in America did something that would have made headlines anywhere in the world: He forgot his money. Paraphrase the sentence. (=But one recent morning, The Riches