北京四中高考英语专题情态动词和虚拟语气学生

1、专题八情态动词和虚拟语气考向预测高考中英语里常出现的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；特别是注意“情态动词+完成式”是高考中的重点所在。高考中的虚拟语气一般与情态动词结合进行考查。考点定位 情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单独命题区单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。新课标卷主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。考点依次是：推测(可能性)请求

2、/允许必要性特殊用法。试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。考点1 情态动词基本含义的考查 情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。【典例】The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的基本含义。had to：不得不；would：表示意愿或过去常常；could倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力；was

3、able to表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是C。【典例】Jim is very sick these days.He coughs so badly,In my opinion, he really _ listen to the doctor and cut down on smoking.A.should B.canC.may D.need【答案】A【解析】本题考查情态动词用法。句意：吉姆这些天病得厉害，咳嗽不止。依我看，他真的应该听医生话，少吸些烟。根据语境“吉姆这些天病得厉害，咳嗽不止”推断，说话者会认为“吉姆应该听医生的话，少吸些烟”，故空格中应该填shou

4、ld，表示“应该；理应”。【典例】You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 【答案】C【解析】should 表示说话人感情，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。在此句中表示说话人一种惊奇的语气。句意为：你不可能想象出体面的绅士竟然对一位女士那么粗鲁。答案是 C。考点2 情态动词表示推测的考查 对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。【典例】Sorry，Im late.I have turned off the alar

5、m clock and gone back to sleep again.A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will【答案】A【解析】might have done：（过去）可能做过某事；should have done：本应该做某事。根据本句提供的情境Im late表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。故选A。【典例】My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. m

6、ustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended 【答案】A【解析】couldnt have done：（过去）不可能做某事；neednt have done：本来不必做某事；mustnt have done：一定未做过某事；shouldnt have done：本不该做某事。根据提供的情境My sister met him at the Great Theatre表明他不可能参加讲座。故选A。【典例】Mr Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the open

7、ing ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must 【答案】A【解析】can表示可能性。布什先生按时做一切事，他怎么可能开幕式迟到呢？答案是 A。 考点3 情态动词表示虚拟的考查 情态动词have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。 【典例】There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you?A. must have B. shouldC. need have D. ought to have 【答案】D【解析

8、】ought to have done表示本来应该做某事而实际没做，should do表示现在应该做某事，与题中at yesterdays party表示的时间不一致。故选D。【典例】I was really anxious about you.You home without a word.A. mustnt leaveB. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave【答案】B【解析】shouldnt have done表示本来不应该做而实际上做了。句意为：你不应该不说一句话就离开家，而实际上是没说一句话就离开家了。故选B。考点

9、4 情态动词与助动词混合考查【典例】Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? I_, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt 【答案】C【解析】had to：不得不；didnt：没来；was going to：打算来；wouldnt：不愿来。句意：汤姆，昨晚你没来参加舞会吗？我本打算来，但我突然记起有作业要做。But是关键词，故选C。【典例】Your phone number again? I _ q

10、uite catch it . Its 86184867. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant 【答案】A【解析】记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说没有完全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选A。考点5 虚拟语气的基本用法 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were）+其他成分+if+ should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。【典例】If it were not for the fact that she _ sing，I would invite her to the p

11、arty. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not 【答案】C【解析】句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。故选C。2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分+if+should/would/could+have done+其他成分。【典例】If the weather had been better,we could have had a picnic.But it all day.A. rainedB. rainsC. has r

12、ainedD. is raining【答案】A【解析】句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，故选A。3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。【典例】If I _ plan to do anything I want to，Id like to go to Tibet and travel through a

13、s much of it as possible. A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to 【答案】B【解析】句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，故选B。考点6 含蓄虚拟条件句这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/orherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本法相同。【典例】Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont think we it without you.A

14、. can manageB. could have managedC. could managedD. can have managed【答案】B【解析】由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故选B。考点7 主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。【典例】Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love，at the age of seven，

15、with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 【答案】B【解析】句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情，故选B。考点8 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/e

16、ssential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。【典例】Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York？ I agree，but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will not be sent；that B. not be sent；that C. should not be sent；what D. should not send；what

17、 【答案】B【解析】句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情，故选B。考点9 wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rather+主语+动词一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反，其中be动词用were）/动词过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）/would+动词原型（表示与将来事实相反）。【典例】Look at the trouble Im in,if only I your advice!A

18、. followedB. would followC. had followedD. should follow【答案】C【解析】句意为：看我目前的困境，要是我听你的建议就好了。其描述的是与过去事实相反的事情，故选C。（60分钟）限时训练经典常规题 单项选择1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf.A. must B. should C. can D. need2.【2017·北京卷】If the new safety system

19、_ to use, the accident would never have happened. A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put3.【2017·江苏卷】_ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it4.【2017·天津卷】My room is a mess, but I _clea

20、n it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. darentB. shouldntC. needntD. mustnt5.【2017·天津卷】Do you have Bettys phone number?Yes. Otherwise, I _able to reach her yesterday.A. hadnt been B. wouldnt have been C. werent D. wouldnt be6.【2016·北京】I love the weekend, because I _ get

21、 up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. neednt B. mustntC. wouldnt D. shouldnt7.【2016·北京】Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped.A. told B. had toldC. were to tell D. would tell8.【2016·江苏】If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be her

22、e now.A.had not beenB.should not beC. were not to be D. should not have been9.【2016·天津】It was really annoying; I _ get access to the data bank you had recommended.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt10.【2016·天津】 I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadnt been wearing one, I _. A. were inj

23、ured B. would be injured C. had been injured D. would have been injured11.【2016·浙江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _ since their highest in 2005.A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen12.【2016·浙江】George _ too

24、 far . His coffee is still warm .A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone13.【2015·北京】Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late. I really _go now, My daughter is home alone.A .may B .can C . must D .dare 14.【2015·北京】 If I _it with my own eyes

25、 ,I wouldnt have believed it.A . didnt see B. werent seeing C. wouldnt see D. hadnt seen15.【2015·重庆】 Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A. didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written16.【2015·重庆】You _ be Carol. You haven

26、t changed a bit after all these years.A. must B. can C. will D. shall17.【2015·浙江】It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D neednt18.【2015·天津】 I _ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.A. mightntB.

27、mustntC. needntD. couldnt19.【2015·天津】 I wish I _ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.A. will be B. would beC. have been D. had been 20.【2015·四川】You _be careful with the camera. It costs!A .must B. may C. can D. will21.【2015·陕西】21. You feel

28、 all the training a waste of time, but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.A. should B. need C. shall D. may22.【2015·陕西】 Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced23.【2015·福建】Sorry, Mum! I failed the job inte

29、rview again.Oh, it's too bad. Youhave made full preparations.A. mustB. canC. wouldD. should24.【2015·江苏】 It might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known25.【2015·安徽】It is lucky we booked a room, or we _nowhere to stay now.A. ha

30、dB. had hadC. would haveD. would have had 语法填空（山西省长治二中等五校2017届高三第四次联考）Here is a true story. A man came out of his home to admire his new truck. To his surprise, his three-year-old son was happily scraping(刮) the shiny paint of the truck _41_(use) a sharp knife. The man ran to his son and drove him a

31、way. _42_(scare), the boy ran away quickly. Unfortunately, the boy fell down and hurt his right hand _43_(serious) with the knife sticking into his fingers. The father rushed his son to the hospital immediately.Although the doctor tried desperately _44_(save) the injured fingers, he finally had to c

32、ut them off. When the boy woke up from the _45_(operate), he innocently said, “Daddy, Im sorry about your truck.” Then he asked, “But _46_are my fingers going to grow back?” The father began crying sadly _47_his head down.Think about this story the next time someone _48_(step) on your feet or you wi

33、sh to take revenge(报仇). Think first before you lose your patience with someone you love. Trucks can _49_(repair), but broken bones and hurt feelings often cant. Too often we fail to recognize _50_difference between the person and the performance. We forget that for giveness is greater than revenge.精

34、准预测题短文改错（广西省桂林市九校高三9月联考）One evening I went out with my friends Wang Yi for a meal in a country pub. We left at 9:30 and I was offered to take Wang Yi home. We were driving along when, suddenly, a car drove past us out of control. The car crashed and before that it burst into flames. We ran to the bu

35、rning car quickly. When we get there, we saw three people trapping inside. They were screaming and we knew we had to get them in. It was extreme hot as we opened the doors, and we saved them successfully. It's nice feeling to know they have helped to save those people.参考答案经典常规题1.【答案】C【解题思路】A. mu

36、st必须；B. should应该；C. can能；D. need需要。句意：Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，故选C。2.【答案】A【解题思路】句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故选A。3.【答案】B【解题思路】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were/Should/Had I，故选B，句意：要不

37、是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。4.【答案】C【解题思路】句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A. 不敢；B. 不应该；C. 不需要；D. 不许。根据句意，故选C。5.【答案】B【解题思路】句意：-你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？-有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。根据标志词otherwise，否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。6.【答案】A【解题思路】考查情态动词。句

38、意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. neednt不需要；B. mustnt禁止；C. wouldnt不愿；D. shouldnt不应该。根据句意可知，周六周日不用早起，故选A。7.【答案】B【解题思路】考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。8.【答案】A【解题思路】考查虚拟语气。本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。If从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，所以使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀

39、请，我现在就不会在这里了。故选A。9.【答案】B【解题思路】句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldnt不愿意；couldnt不能；shouldn不应该；neednt不必。故选B。10.【答案】D【解题思路】句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。11.【答案】D【解题思路】句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气， if条件句用的had done，而

40、且省略it，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。12.【答案】C【解题思路】句意：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can't have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；neednt have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。13.【答案】C【解题思路】句意：你不能再多待会儿吗?很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。

41、14.【答案】D【解题思路】句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldnt have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+had+done的形式。故选D。15.【答案】D【解题思路】句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。16.【答案】A【解题思路】句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测。故选A。17.【答案】A【解题思路】句意：太吵了，

42、以致我们不能够听到我们再说什么。A的意思是不能，B的意思是不应该的，C的意思是禁止，D的意思是不需要。该题用到了一个so+形容词+that的句式，做题时应该正确理解句意及这个句式的用法。正确理解这是表达不能还是表达其他的东西。must只能用于肯定句，用于否定句表示禁止，这一点尤其要注意因为往往会出错。如果表示一种可能往往是can的形式（过去时态用could）。故选A。18.【答案】C【解题思路】句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。neednt have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。19.【答案】D【解题思路】句意：上个周二

43、我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had+过去分词。故选D。20.【答案】A【解题思路】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。21.【答案】D【解题思路】句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。22.【答案】C【解题思路】句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳的一样好。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气

44、，和现在相反用一般过去时。故选C。23.【答案】D【解题思路】考查情态动词+have done结构。A.must必须B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过吗？”；could+have+done，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句；should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。该对话意思为：-对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败

45、了-噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。故选D。24.【答案】D【解题思路】句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。If虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。故选D。25.【答案】C【解题思路】句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadnt booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。高频易错题【答案】41. using 42. Scared 43. seriously 44. to save 45. operation 46. when 47. with 48. steps 49. be repaired 50. the【解题思路】本文通过故事告诫我们不要伤害自己心爱的人。41. 句意：他的儿子高兴的用锋利的刀刮卡车上的涂料。空格处不是谓语动词，故使用非谓语