中考英语缺词填空解题技巧与训练策略

1、中考英语缺词填空解题技巧与训练策略完形填空题实际上是恢复原貌式的阅读理解题，各种短文结构严谨，段落清楚，而且首句一般不挖空，便于学生依据首句提示进行整体理解。解答完形填空题要求学生具备快速阅读的各种能力和技巧，如视读、跳读、查读、猜词等。侧重基础知识，考查语言知识的掌握能力完形填空题以文入手，结合文章内容考查基础语言知识，主要是考查学生词语搭配，近义词辩异，正确辨析句子结构，掌握语法规则的能力。【例1】His friend _ the engine(发动机) and the plane began to move. A. began B. carried C. moved D. started

2、 此题主要考查学生辨析四个动词的用法。从句子分析可看出B、C明显不对，他的朋友不可能“搬运、移动”发动机。此题实际上是考查学生辨析began和started的用法，这两个动词作“开始”解是同义词，但只有start可表示“发动、开动”的意思。D是正确答案。【例2】He and saw a noisy square (广场) not far from here.A. looked for B. looked after C. looked at D. looked around此题主要辨析由look构成的四个短语，A、B、C三个选项中looked后的词均为介词，而介词后无宾语，所以是错的。arou

3、nd是副词，所以D为正确答案。【例3】 Mr Green _ his children that Father Christmas is a very kindhearted man.A. asks B. talks C. tells D. says辨析四个意义相似的动词。Ask意为“问”，其后的宾语从句应该有whether或if。talks是不及物动词。say后跟某事，不跟表示“人”的宾语。tell的句式是否tell somebody something，所以C是正确答案。【例4】John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill. He call

4、ed the doctor and made sure they _ neat at five.A. should B. shall C. would D. will此题考查情态动词以及时态。分析此句中可看出，要用过去时，所以B、D可排除。Make sure后是宾语从句，宾语从句的动作meet没发生，要用过去将来时，所以要选C。上下对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力完形填空题设计时，有时单看一句是得不出正确答案的，需要阅读下句、甚至若干句后才有“茅赛顿开”之感。上下对照，即在上文或下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。学生在答题中要有边读边在大脑中储存上下信息的能力，捕捉关键词。【例1】First t

5、hey wash their _ hands in a bowl of waterthey only eat with right hands. A. dirty B. right C. left D. big 此题四个形容词填入空格语法都正确，但阅读下句可发现right一词与选项B一词相对照，根据句意应该选B。【例2】I really do make a living by _ ,and a good one ,too. I can laugh like a king or like a school bay.A. laughing B. writing C. speaking D. wor

6、king此题下文第二句中的laugh与正确答案A相对应，而且laugh是该篇完形填空的关键词，所以A为正确答案。【例3】Mr Baker loved planting _ . The week before last, he bought a few trees home.A. flowers B. grass C. vegetables D. trees此题下文说明了Mr Baker买了几棵树回家；上下对照，可看出是“种树”，trees和trees上下对应，所以D是正确答案。在解题中，往往断章取义，总想急于求成，就句论句，就题论题，“一步到位”。学生未通读全文就边读边填，无法形成连贯的思路，

7、“见木不见林，达不到上下对照，导致出错。实际上学生在解题中应满怀信心，全神贯注，集中目光，越过空格，注重把握文章的整体内容，注意关键词。开始阅读可能会有模糊的感觉，类此“钻出洞”之感，但越往下读，文意会逐渐显露，读完全文心里住往会有“豁然开朗”的感觉。设置语境，考查分析推理能力 完形填空题中，有时答题无上下对照的关键词作参考，而是考查分析前后语境去推理出正确答案。在这种试题中，四个选项填入句中语法、句子结构都正确，但分析前后语境，只有一个正确答案。【例1】So one day when a friend came to his house andofferedto take him for a

8、 ride in his own small plane, Mr. Lee was very _. A. excited B. grateful C. worried D. glad 从此句看，无法作出正确的选择，四个形容词都可表示Mr. Lee的心情。但阅读下文逐步可看到”I am really afraid that there might be some danger.”这一句，这说明Mr. Lee害怕坐飞机，C为正确答案。【例2】It s a beautiful place. I was always very _ there.A. busy B .interested C. heal

9、thy D. happy此题四个选项都是形容词，都可作主语“I”的表语。如要选择正确答案，要分析语境。此句前面提供了一个语境，即“这是一个美丽的地方”，言外之意是旅游的好去处，所以去那儿会开心的，因此要选happy。【例3】The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf _ the children. They were a nice, happy family!A. shouted at B. looked into C. laughed at D. played with此题四个选项是四个动词短语，四个选项放入句中语法都正确，

10、但前后语境分析只有D正确。前后分析，可看出wolf家庭是幸福的大家庭，年轻的wolf应常常带children玩耍，而不应该对孩子“大喊大叫”、“询问调查”和“嘲笑挖苦”。因此要选D。结合生活，考查学生利用常识解题的能力完形填空题中，有时命题者在完形填空题中考查学生的生活常识，看看学生是否能善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做出恰当的选择。这类题的设计，四个选项放入句中语法、句子结构都正确，而且不一定需要上下联系，而是依据常识解答。【例1】When someone asks me what business I am in ,my face feels _. A. warm B. coo

11、l C. hot D. cold该篇完形填空题的短文，描写一个在夜总会为歌舞助兴提供笑声的人。当人问他从事什么工作时，他总难以启齿，他脸部总有一种“感觉”。按常识，人感到害羞，不好意思等，脸就“发热、发烧、发烫”，或“脸红”，所以C是正确答案。其它答案的形容词都不适合这种脸部的感觉。【例2】One afternoon just before Christmas an old man was walking through the city center. Theshops were all filled with good things and crowded with _ shoppers.

12、A. angry B. cheerful C. sad D. surprised圣诞节前夕，商店物品丰富，购物者为节日选购商品，按常识这些shoppers应带着节日的喜悦心情，应选cheerful。【例3】home when they grow up.A. leave B. reach C. love D. hate人们常说美国的年轻人独立性强，不依靠父母生活。当孩子长大后，他们通常离开家，自找工作，这是大家都知道的美国人的生活方式，是常识。该题A为正确答案。关注连词，考查对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力从近几年中考英语完形填空题的分析来看，命题者有时就有关连词进行挖空，以此来考查学生通过阅读能

13、否理解句与句之间的关联关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等连词的用法。【例1】They are served in bowls which everyone shares(共享), _ each person has their own bowl ofrice.A. because B. though C. since D. until 此篇完形填空谈到泰国饮食文化。前句意为“泰国人在共用的碗中就餐”，而后句意为“他们每人都有自己的碗”。前后分析可看出，后句是前句的转折，所以B为正确答案。【例2】Parents now spend more time in th

14、e office, _ they dont have much time to stay with their children.A .because B. if C. but D. so该题考查了四个连词，确定哪一个是正确答案，要分析句与句之间的关系。从前后分析来看，因父母把很多的时间花在办公室，所以他们与孩子相处的时间就少了，此句是因果关系，D为正确答案。【例3】The shops are bigger inLondonthan inMoscow, _ its very dear to enjoy yourself inLondon.A. Then B. So C. Or D. But前后

15、句子分析，它们并非是时间先后，并非因果关系，并非两者选择。伦敦商店大而豪华，但是呆在伦敦花费是很大的，前后应该是转折关系，D是正确答案。完形填空(共15分,每小题1分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。      Kate wants to be a nurse and   1   for sick people. She knows they need her help. When Kate goes to the hospital, she always sees many

16、   2   there.      Last summer, Kate broke her leg. The pain was very great and she could not   3   walk. Her parents   4   her to the hospital   5   and she   6   stay there

17、for about two weeks. One day a nurse came to Kates bed and said with  7  . “Youll be   8   soon. You can walk again, so dont think only about bad things. Try to be   9  !” The nurse was very kind and they became friends.     After Kate

18、 left the hospital, she thought   10   of the kind nurse. She now understands that the nurse job   11   very important,   12  the nurse can often give hope to   13   people.     Kate is now thinking about

19、her   14   future. She often talks with her parents about it. Kate knows what she should do   15   a good nurse, and she is studying very hard at school.(  )1. A. work   B. worker   C. working   D. worked(  )2. A. girls&

20、#160;  B. students   C. workers   D. patients(  )3. A. still B. yet C. even    D. ever(  )4. A. made B. took     C. brought D. let(  )5. A. with car       B. by a car   C. by car &

21、#160;  D. in car(  )6. A. must B. had to C. need    D. could(  )7. A. a smile B. smiling C. smile D. smiles(  )8. A. good B. nice   C. free     D. better(  )9. A. pleasure   B. sad      C. happy&

22、#160;  D. happily(  )10. A. lot     B. a lot    C. lots    D. a little(  )11. A. be B. are     C. am   D. is(  )12. A. because   B. if   C. but      &

23、#160;  D. when(  )13. A. young B. old    C. sick  D. poor(  )14. A. self B. selfs    C. owns   D. own(  )15. A. to be B. be    C. being D. to being. 1-5 ADCBC  6-10 BADCB   11-15 DACDA中考英语缺词填空解题技巧与训练策略1. 通

24、览全文，了解大意答题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。要理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好缺词填空题的关键,因为缺词填空的特点是着眼于整体理解,有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达，结果往往由于"只见树木不见森林"而事倍功半,因此我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文

25、，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。3. 综合考虑，先易后难经过复读全文，对短文有了更深的印象。在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案

26、。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。4. 复读检验，消除疏漏完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。从实际中看，很多学生能够充分利用词首字母和短文内容填写单词，但是，问题往往出现在单词的形式变化上。比首字母为 q ，要求填写 quickly

27、 ，而有些学生只知道填写 quick ，忽略了词性问题。因此，深思熟虑很重要。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，加以改正，弥补疏漏。“台阶式”训练法阅读教学是英语教学中的一个难点，给首字母完形填空又是阅读教学中最令人头痛的一环。它不但考查学生对语篇的理解能力，而且考查学生理解语篇过程中的分析判断、句子成分与词性的对应关系、语法结构、词义辨析等全方位的综合能力。只有具备了相当词汇量、扎实的语法知识、充分的扩散性思维和严密的逻辑推理能力的学生，才能很好地完成语篇，使文章通顺畅达，恢复原样。不少同学经过长期艰苦的努力，可能仍达不到理想的训练效果，下面的“台阶式”教学法也

28、许是在较短时间里提高缺词填空能力的途径之一。台阶一：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。(1) 对主语的判断1. _ are helpful to students. ( teach ) 2. _ is more important to me than money. ( healthy ) 3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science) 4. _ is my favourite spo

29、rt. ( fish ) 5. _ stamps is my hobby. ( collect ) Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting 分析：以上练习中，填入词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-题）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或doing（、）。此外，形容词前加the，带连词的句子也可作主语。(2) 对谓语的判断John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “

30、My boy,” she a_, “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman began r_ the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_ my house.” Key: came asked answered ringin

31、g turned said say isnt 分析：语篇中的所缺字除ringing以外均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。多做用动词的适当形式填空有助于对动词形式的判断。(3) 对宾语的判断1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. ( develop ) 2. The

32、front is in great need of medical _ .( work ) 3. Thank you for your _. ( kind ) 4. At last he sold his _. ( invent ) Key: 1. development 2. workers 3. kindness 4. invention 分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同主语的词性一样，代词作宾语时必须用其宾格。(4) 对表语的判断1. It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible)

33、 2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill ) 3. Patrick is going to be a(n) _ when he grows up.(engine) 4. Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. （ usually ）5. Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members. （please ）Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusu

34、al 5. pleasure 分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。(5) 对定语的判断1. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally) 2. On a _ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly) 3. This is an _book. (interest) 4. The French artist said, “ it is my _ ti

35、me to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. ( one ) 5. The book _ by Luxun is very famous. ( write ) 6. Its a _ day ,ist it ? ( sun) Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) interesting (4) first (5) written (6) sunny 分析:：定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stamp show / physics teacher。动词必须

36、变形为：to do, doing 或done 的形式。(6) 对状语的判断1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so _ (easy) 2. Watch _ , and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care ) 3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _ at last. ( sa

37、fe ) Key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely 状语：说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件，伴随情况的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语，动词必须变形为to do, doing 或done 。(7) 对连词的判断在英语中, 并列连词and, but, or, so , not onlybut also, either or, neithernor, as well as, both and 连接并列的词, 词组和句子; 从属连词连接主句与从句。台阶二：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做做综合的“用所给单词的正确

38、形式填空”，提高对句子成分的判断能力。熟练掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母完形的第二步台阶三：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的能力，或称为“猜谜”的能力Exercise : Guess the missing word. 1. _ are helpful to students. 2. _ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge. 3. _ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and after class they care for them like parents. 4. _ are helpful to students. They