综合英语四unit2重点词汇整理

1、Unit2pervasive prvesv 1. ADJ-GRADED 遍布的；贯穿始终的；四处弥漫的Something, especially something bad, that is pervasive is present or felt throughout a place or thing.· .the pervasive influence of the army in national life. 在国民生活中军队的影响无处不在· She lives with a&#

2、160;pervasive sense of guilt. 她生活在深深的愧疚之中。派生词：N. pervasiveness* The consistency and pervasiveness of this effect is startling, perhaps even disconcerting. 外表的这种作用始终存在、影响甚广,这实在令人惊讶, 甚至烦恼不安.Adv. pervasively* Knowledge is being used pervasively in the overall economic

3、 system. 知识与资讯正全面渗透到整个经济运作过程中去.tacit1. ADJ 默认的;默许的;不言而喻的If you refer to someone's tacit agreement or approval, you mean they are agreeing to something or approving it without actually saying so, often because they are unwilling to admit to doing so.· The question wa

4、s a tacit admission that a mistake had indeed been made.问这个问题实际上等于默认确实出了差错。· The rebels enjoyed the tacit support of elements in the army. 反叛分子得到了军队中部分势力的暗中支持。派生词：adv. tacitlytaciturn1. ADJ-GRADED 寡言少语的;沉默寡言的;不苟言笑的A taciturn person does not say very

5、much and can seem unfriendly.· A taciturn man, he replied to my questions in monosyllables. 他寡言少语，回答我的问题时只是往外蹦单字。underlying ndrla 1. ADJ 潜在的；隐藏的；深层的；根本的The underlying features of an object, event, or situation are not obvious, and it may be difficult

6、 to discover or reveal them.· To stop a problem you have to understand its underlying causes. 要想杜绝问题的发生，必须弄清它的深层原因。· I think that the underlying problem is education, unemployment and bad housing. 我认为深层的问题在于教育、失业和糟糕的住房条件。2. ADJ 表面下的；下层的You describe s

7、omething as underlying when it is below the surface of something else.· .hills with the hard underlying rock poking through the turf. 坚硬的下层岩石穿过草皮凸出来的山丘· Cars were covered with clear-coat finish at the factory to protect theunderlying paint from fading工厂给汽车上了透明

8、罩漆，以防底漆褪色派生词：underlie1. VERB 为的起因；构成的基础If something underlies a feeling or situation, it is the cause or basis of it.· Try to figure out what feeling underlies your anger. 努力找出你的愤怒之下潜藏的情感。· .the energy which seems to underlie all human success. 

9、人类一切成功背后似乎都不可缺少的干劲formidablef:rmdbl 1. ADJ-GRADED 可怕的;令人惊叹的;艰巨的If you describe something or someone as formidable, you mean that you feel slightly frightened by them because they are very great or impressive.· We have a formidable task ahead of us. 我们面临着一项艰巨的任

10、务。· Marsalis has a formidable reputation in both jazz and classical music.马萨利斯在爵士乐和古典音乐领域都有极高的声望。· She looked every bit as formidable as her mother. 她看上去和她母亲一样，令人望而生畏。派生词：formidably advdemonstrable dm:nstrbl1. ADJ 可证明的;可论证的;可表明的;明显的A demonstrabl

11、e fact or quality can be shown to be true or to exist.· The road safety programme is having a demonstrable effect on road users. 道路安全方案在道路使用者身上逐渐显现出明显的效果。· Despite its demonstrable speed and safety, the boat failed to become popular. 虽然其速度和安全性都可得到证明，但这种船还

12、是不受欢迎。派生词： v. demonstrate n. demonstration n. demonstrator 游行示威者; 证明者，示范者; 实物说明者; adj. demonstrative 公开表露感情的，感情外露的stigma stm 1. N-VAR 耻辱;污名If something has a stigma attached to it, people think it is something to be ashamed of.· There is a strong argument

13、 for remaining an unmarried mother. There's nostigma attached any more. 有强有力的理由来支持未婚妈妈。这再也不是什么丢脸的事了。· There is very little stigma attached to crime and criminals. 人们几乎都不把犯罪和罪犯视为一种耻辱派生词：stigmatizestmtaz1. VERB 侮辱;污蔑;使蒙羞If someone or something is stigma

14、tized, they are unfairly regarded by many people as being bad or having something to be ashamed of.· Children in single-parent families must not be stigmatised. 单亲家庭的孩子们不应该受到歧视。· The AIDS epidemic further stigmatised gays. 艾滋病的流行让人们更加瞧不起男同性恋者。· They are often stigmatize

15、d by the rest of society as lazy and dirty. 他们经常被社会中的其他人污蔑为懒惰、肮脏。illuminate lumnet 1. VERB 照亮;照明;照射To illuminate something means to shine light on it and to make it brighter and more visible.· No streetlights illuminated the street. 这条街上没有照明的路灯。·

16、; The black sky was illuminated by forked lightning. 叉状的闪电照亮了黑沉沉的天空。2. VERB 阐释;说明If you illuminate something that is unclear or difficult to understand, you make it clearer by explaining it carefully or giving information about it.· They use games and drawings to&#

17、160;illuminate their subject. 他们用游戏和图画来阐明他们的主题派生词：n. illuminator n. illumination adj. illuminating 富于启发的consternation k:nstrnen 1. N-UNCOUNT 不安;忧虑;害怕Consternation is a feeling of anxiety or fear.· His decision caused consternation in the art photogra

18、phy community.他的决定在艺术摄影圈内引起了恐慌。· Sam stared at him in consternation. 萨姆惊恐不安地注视着他。派生词：v：consternateamalgamate  mælmet 1. V-RECIP-ERG （使）合并When two or more things, especially organizations, amalgamate or are amalgamated, they become one large thin

19、g.· The firm has amalgamated with an American company. 该公司和一家美国公司合并了。· The chemical companies had amalgamated into a vast conglomerate.那些化学品公司已经合并成一个庞大的企业集团。· The Visitors' Centre amalgamates the traditions of the Old World with the technology of the New. 来宾中心将欧洲的传统与美洲的技

20、术结合在一起。派生词：n：amalgamation N：amalgamator  合并者，汞合金搅拌机;forefront f:rfrnt1. N-SING 显著地位;重要位置;最前沿If you are at the forefront of a campaign or other activity, you have a leading and influential position in it.· They have been at the forefront of the campaign fo

21、r political change. 他们一直处于政治变革运动的风口浪尖上。2. N-SING (思考或关注的)重心,焦点If something is at the forefront of people's minds or attention, they think about it a lot because it is particularly important to them.· The pension issue was not at the forefront of

22、his mind in the spring of 1985.在 1985 年春，养老金问题并非他关注的重点。desegregate di:'seret 1. VERB 废除(地区、机构或服务等)的种族隔离To desegregate something such as a place, institution, or service means to officially stop keeping the people who use it in separate groups, especially groups that

23、 are defined by race.· .efforts to desegregate sport. 为废除体育领域的种族隔离所作的努力· The school system itself is not totally desegregated. 教育体系本身并没有完全废除种族隔离。派生词：n ：desegregationsubsequent sbskwnt, -kwnt1. ADJ 随后的;后来的You use subsequent to describe somet

24、hing that happened or existed after the time or event that has just been referred to.· .the increase of population in subsequent years. 随后几年人口的增长· Those concerns were overshadowed by subsequent events. 随后发生的事使之前所关注的那些问题显得无足轻重。2. PHRASE 在之后;继之后If some

25、thing happened subsequent to something else, it happened after that thing.· They won only one more game subsequent to their Cup semi-final win last year. 继去年在杯赛半决赛中获胜后，他们仅又赢过一场比赛。派生词：n：subsequence 后继，随后，顺序*  According to the logical subsequence, it includes th

26、ree parts: value orientation, aim orientation and method orientation. 邓小平决策思想按其内在的逻辑顺序, 可分为价值取向, 目标取向和方法取向.Adv：subsequentlybigoted btd 1. ADJ-GRADED 固执的；执拗的；顽固不化的Someone who is bigoted has strong, unreasonable prejudices or opinions and will not change them, even w

27、hen they are proved to be wrong.· He was bigoted and racist. 他非常偏执，而且具有种族歧视思想。派生词：bigot bt 1. N-COUNT 固执的人；执拗的人；顽固不化的人If you describe someone as a bigot, you mean that they are bigoted.bigotry btri 1. N-UNCOUNT 偏执；顽固Bigotry is the

28、 possession or expression of strong, unreasonable prejudices or opinions.· He deplored religious bigotry. 他强烈谴责了宗教偏执。invidious nvdis 1. ADJ-GRADED (任务、工作)招致不满的，引起反感的If you describe a task or job as invidious, you mean that it is unpleasant because it is likely

29、 to make you unpopular.· The local authority could find itself in the invidious position of having to refuse. 当局可能会发现自己处于必须要拒绝但又会因此而不得人心的境地。2. ADJ (比较、选择)不公平的，难以决定的An invidious comparison or choice between two things is an unfair one because the two things are

30、 very different or are equally good or bad.· Police officers fear invidious comparisons. 警官担心会进行不公正的比较。· It is invidious to make a selection. 不相上下，很难选择。派生词：n：invidiousness Adv：invidiouslyposterity p:sterti 1. N-UNCOUNT 后裔；子孙；后代You can refer

31、 to everyone who will be alive in the future as posterity .· A photographer recorded the scene on video for posterity. 摄影师用摄像机为后代记录下了这个场景。· Was he making these notes for the benefit of posterity? 他写下这些笔记是为让后人受益吗？派生词：posteriorp:stri 1. N-COUNT 臀部

32、；屁股Some-one's bottom can be referred to as their posterior .2. ADJ 背部的；后部的Posterior describes something that is situated at the back of something else.· .the posterior leg muscles. 腿部后侧的肌肉adv：posteriorly其次地，后来地searing sr 1. ADJ 灼热的

33、;强烈的Searing is used to indicate that something such as pain or heat is very intense.· She woke to feel a searing pain in her feet. 她醒来感到脚上火辣辣地痛。· .the searing heat of the Saudi Arabian desert. 沙特阿拉伯沙漠的灼热2. ADJ-GRADED (言谈、文章)吹毛求疵的，尖刻的,苛责的A s

34、earing speech or piece of writing is very critical.· .searing criticism. 尖刻的批评派生词：Adv：searinglysear1. VERB 烧掉的表面;烧焦To sear something means to burn its surface with a sudden intense heat.· Grass fires have seared the land near the farming village of B

35、asekhai.草地野火烧焦了巴斯克亥农庄附近的土地。2. VERB 烧灼;灼伤;灼痛If something sears a part of your body, it causes a painful burning feeling there.· I distinctly felt the heat start to sear my throat. 我分明感觉到嗓子开始烧得难受。depravity dprævti 1. N-UNCOUNT 堕落;腐化;道德败坏

36、;邪恶Depravity is very dishonest or immoral behaviour.· .the righteous struggle between decency and depravity. 在高尚和堕落之间的道德挣扎派生词：n：depravation Childhood was nothing but depravation and humiliation. 堕落与羞辱充塞著他的童年.deprave1. VERB 使堕落;使腐化;使败坏;使邪恶Something th

37、at depraves someone makes them morally bad or evil.· .material likely to deprave or corrupt those who see it. 看了可能会使人腐化堕落的东西allegation1. N-COUNT 指控;指责An allegation is a statement saying that someone has done something wrong.· The company has den

38、ied the allegations. 公司否认了这些指控。· Allegations of brutality and theft have been levelled at the army. 有人指责军队中存在着野蛮暴行和盗窃行为。派生词allege ld 1. VERB （未提出证据而）断言，指称，声称If you allege that something bad is true, you say it but do not prove it.· She alle

39、ged that there was rampant drug use among the male members of the group. 她声称该团体中有大量的男性成员吸毒。· The accused is alleged to have killed a man. 被告据称谋杀了一名男子。alleged ldd, ldd 1. ADJ 声称的；被断言的；涉嫌的An alleged fact has been stated but has not been proved to be tr

40、ue.· They have begun a hunger strike in protest at the alleged beating. 他们开始绝食以抗议有人所宣称的殴打行为。· .a list of alleged war criminals. 战争嫌犯名单condone kndon1. VERB 容忍，纵容（不道德行为）If someone condones behaviour that is morally wrong, they accept it

41、and allow it to happen.· I have never encouraged nor condoned violence. 我从不煽动也不纵容暴力行为。派生词：n：condonation 容忍，宽恕，原谅 n: condonment 不咎，默许 adj：condonable 赎罪的，宽恕的discern1. VERB 觉察出;知道;了解;辨明If you can discern something, you are aware of it and know what it is.· It was

42、 hard to discern why this was happening. 很难弄清楚这为什么会发生。2. VERB 依稀看出;分辨出If you can discern something, you can just see it, but not clearly.· Below the bridge we could just discern a narrow, weedy ditch. 我们仅能依稀辨出桥下一条杂草丛生的窄沟。短语：discern ··&

43、#183; from从···辨别* We could discern from his appearance that he was upset. 我们从他的样子可以察觉出他不快.派生词：n discernment  <褒>识别能力; 洞察力; 敏锐; 精明;discernible ds:nbl, -z:-1. ADJ-GRADED 看得清的;辨别得出的If something is discernible, you can see

44、it or recognize that it exists.· Far away the outline of the island is just discernible. 远处，岛屿轮廓仅依稀可辨。· There has been no discernible overall trend since 1975. 自 1975 年以来一直没有一个明朗的大趋势。durability djrblt 1. ADJ-GRADED 耐用的;持久的Something that is 

45、durable is strong and lasts a long time without breaking or becoming weaker.· Bone china is strong and durable. 骨灰瓷坚固耐用。派生词：adj：durable耐用的，持久的 Adv：durablysubscribe sbskrab 1. VERB 同意;赞成If you subscribe to an opinion or belief, you are one of a number of p

46、eople who have this opinion or belief.· I've personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other. 我个人从来都不同意性别有优劣之分的观点。2. VERB 订阅，订购(杂志或报纸)If you subscribe to a magazine or a newspaper, you pay to receive copies of it regularly.·

47、; My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep abreast of advances in science. 我订阅新科学家主要是为了了解科学的最新进展。派生词：n：subscriber1. N-COUNT (杂志或报纸的)订阅人，订购者，订户A magazine's or a newspaper's subscribers are the people who pay to receive copies of it regularly.· I

48、 have been a subscriber to Railway Magazine for many years. 我订阅铁路杂志已有很多年了。2. N-COUNT 消费者;用户Subscribers to a service are the people who pay to receive the service.· China has almost 15 million subscribers to satellite and cable television.中国有将近 1,500 万卫星电视和有线电视

49、用户。evocative v:ktv 1. ADJ-GRADED 唤起回忆的;引起感情共鸣的If you describe something as evocative, you mean that it is good or interesting because it produces pleasant memories, ideas, emotions, and responses in people.· Her story is sharply evocative of Italian provincial

50、 life. 她的故事让人清晰地回忆起意大利的乡村生活。· .the evocative power of cinema. 电影引起共鸣的力量派生词：n：evocation N：evocatorresort rz:rt 1. VERB 诉诸;采取If you resort to a course of action that you do not really approve of, you adopt it because you cannot see any other way of ach

51、ieving what you want.· His punishing work schedule had made him resort to drugs. 异常紧张的工作安排使他开始吸毒。· Some schools have resorted to recruiting teachers from overseas. 有些学校不得不开始从海外招收老师。2. N-UNCOUNT 采取;凭借;诉诸;求助If you achieve something without resort to

52、60;a particular course of action, you succeed without carrying out that action. To have resort to a particular course of action means to have to do that action in order to achieve something.· Congress has a responsibility to ensure that all peaceful options are exhausted before r

53、esort to war. 国会有责任确保只有在所有和平手段都不奏效的情况下才会诉诸战争。discrepancy  dskrpnsi 1. N-VAR 差异;不符;不一致;出入If there is a discrepancy between two things that ought to be the same, there is a noticeable difference between them.· .the discrepancy between press and ra

54、dio reports. 新闻和广播报道之间的出入· .major discrepancies in payments made to claimants in similar circumstances. 同类情况下索赔人所获款项的巨大差异vex vks 1. VERB 使恼火;使困惑;使伤脑筋If someone or something vexes you, they make you feel annoyed, puzzled, and frustrated.· It vexe

55、d me to think of others gossiping behind my back. 一想到别人在背后说我闲话，我就很恼火。· Everything about her vexed him. 有关她的一切都令他困惑。派生词：vexed1. ADJ-GRADED 令人烦恼的;伤脑筋的;棘手的A vexed problem or question is very difficult and causes people a lot of trouble.· Ministers have begun

56、 work on the vexed issue of economic union. 部长们开始着手处理经济联盟这个棘手的问题。· Later Mr Moi raised the vexed question of refugees. 后来莫伊先生提出了那个让人头疼的难民问题。vexation1. N-UNCOUNT 恼火;困惑;烦恼Vexation is a feeling of being annoyed, puzzled, and frustrated.· He kicked

57、the broken machine in vexation. 他气得踢了那台坏机器一脚。vexing extremely annoying or displeasing It is really vexing to have wait a long time for anyone.baffle bæfl 1. VERB 使困惑；把难住If something baffles you, you cannot understand it or explain it.· An apple tree produ

58、cing square fruit is baffling experts. 一棵结方形苹果的树令专家大惑不解。派生词：bafflement1. N-UNCOUNT 困惑；不解Bafflement is the state of being baffled.· The general response was one of understandable bafflement. 大家的反应是感到困惑，这一点情有可原。hypocrite  hpkrt 1. N-COUNT 伪君子;伪善者;

59、假道学If you accuse someone of being a hypocrite, you mean that they pretend to have qualities, beliefs, or feelings that they do not really have.· The magazine wrongly suggested he was a liar and a hypocrite. 该杂志诬枉地暗示他撒谎，是伪君子。派生词：hypocritical  hpkrtkl 1. ADJ-GRADED&#

60、160;虚伪的;伪善的If you accuse someone of being hypocritical, you mean that they pretend to have qualities, beliefs, or feelings that they do not really have.· It would be hypocritical to say I travel at 70mph simply because that is the law. 如果因为法律规定的时速是70英里我就说自己的车速是这么高，那就是虚伪了。

61、83; If someone is being hypocritical then it is fair to expose that. 如果有人虚伪矫饰，那就应该暴露他的真面目。hypocrisy  hpkrsi 1. N-VAR 虚伪;伪善If you accuse someone of hypocrisy, you mean that they pretend to have qualities, beliefs, or feelings that they do not really have.·

62、 He accused newspapers of hypocrisy in their treatment of the story.他指责了报纸在报道该新闻时的虚伪。· You'll have little patience with the hypocrisy and double standards you encounter. 你将会无法忍受所遭遇的伪善和双重标准。delve  dlv 1. VERB 探究;钻研If you delve into somet

63、hing, you try to discover new information about it.· Tormented by her ignorance, Jenny delves into her mother's past. 珍妮为自己的一无所知而苦恼，开始探究起母亲的过去。· If you're interested in a subject, use the Internet to delve deeper. 如果对某一主题感兴趣，就上网进一步深入研究。2. VERB (在壁

64、橱、袋子等中)搜寻，翻找If you delve inside something such as a cupboard or a bag, you search inside it.· She delved into her rucksack and pulled out a folder. 她在背包里翻找一番后拿出了一个文件夹。albeit  lbit, æl-1. ADV 尽管；即使You use albeit to introduce a fact or comment whi

65、ch reduces the force or significance of what you have just said.· Charles's letter was indeed published, albeit in a somewhat abbreviated form. 尽管有所删节，查尔斯的信确实被刊登出来了。hindsight  handsat 1. N-UNCOUNT 后见之明;事后聪明Hindsight is the ability to understand and re

66、alize something about an event after it has happened, although you did not understand or realize it at the time.· With hindsight, we'd all do things differently. 有了事后的认识，我们都会以不同的方式行事。· Even with the benefit of hindsight, I doubt I would change anything if I had my time again. 就算是事后已经一切明了，如果让我重来一次，我也不确定自己是否会作出改变。separatist1. ADJ 分裂主义的;独立主义的Separatist organizations and activities within a country involve members of a group of people who want to establish their own separate government or are tryin