英语4级翻译题

1、很多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看。烹饪技术和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养（nutrition）。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物，肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡。所以中餐美味又健康。ManypeoplelikeChinesefood.InChina,cookingisnotonlyregardedasaskillbutalsoanart.The well/carefully-preparedChinesefoodistastyandgood-looking.Theway

2、of cookingandingredientsselection varygreatlyacrossChina.However,good cookinghasonethingincommon,thatis,toalwaysconcerncolors,smell,tastesandnutrition.Asfoodisvitalformanshealth,goodcooksarealwaysmakingeffortstomaintainbalance betweengrainsmeatsandvegetables.Thus,Chinesefoodisdeliciousand healthy.信息

3、技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速的发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起广大人民的重视是一件好事。Nowadays, Information Technology is developing rapidly, and Chinese Citizens are putting more emphasis on it. Some schools and universities even

4、make Information Technology one of the compulsory courses. People hold different views on this phenomenon. Some people deem that it is unnecessary to make Information Technology a required course in schools. Students should learn traditional curriculum. While other people think that it should be so,

5、 and they hold the attitude that China should keep pace with the times. Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology has drawn peoples attention.中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味这爱情丶婚姻和团聚，中国结常常作为礼物交换或作用饰品祈求好运和辟邪。这种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎

6、。参考译文：The Chinese knot was firstly invented by craftsman and it has become an elegant art after hundred years of improvement. In ancient times, people use knot to record events, but nowadays it is used for decoration. “Knot” in Chinese stands for love, marriage and reunion. Chinese knot is used as g

7、ift or ornament, which can bring in good luck and sweep away ill fortune. Having handed over generations after generations, this type of handicraft is extremely popular in China as well as the whole world.越来越多的中国年轻人正对旅游产生兴趣，这是近年来的新趋势。年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。随着旅行多了，年轻人在大城市和著名景点花的时间少了，他们

8、反而更为偏远的地方所吸引。有些人甚至选择长途背包旅行。最近调查显示，很多年轻人想要通过旅行体验不同的文化、丰富知识、拓宽视野。1、中国酒文化 Chinese Wine Culture中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒都和中国文化息息相关。长久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。 Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thous

9、and years ago. Generally speaking，wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times. Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese peoples life for a long time. Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to

10、make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast. Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell dinner, wedding, etc.2、中国书法Chinese Calligraphy中国书法历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。作者的内心世界通过美妙的字

11、体得以体现。书法在中国艺术中拥有举足轻重的地位，因为它影响到了其它的中国艺术形式，比如古典诗歌、雕塑、传统音乐及舞蹈、建筑及手工艺品。作为传统的艺术瑰宝，中国书法被全世界人民所喜爱，且越来越受到欢迎。Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history, but also an art of self-cultivation and self-expression. Inner world of the writer could be reflected with

12、 the help of beautiful Chinese script. Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art, for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts. As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture, Chinese

13、calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and more popular.3、中国山水画Landscape Painting 山水画一直以来都被誉为中国绘画的最高境界。它品味高端，很受欢迎。一般意义上，中国山水画被认为是书法、绘画及诗歌的结合或延伸。汉语“山水”这个词由“山”和“水”两个汉字组成，且与道教的哲学思想相联系，它强调的是人与自然的和谐。中国画家描绘的并不总是真实的世界，他们呈现的是自己想象出来的风景，这些风景不再只是对眼前世界的描绘，而是画家内在思想的写照。因此，人们认为欣

14、赏山水画除了可以很好地了解画家的内心世界之外，还可以净化自己的灵魂。Landscape painting is traditionally considered as the highest form of Chinese painting styles. It is very popular and is associated with refined scholarly taste. Chinese Landscape painting in general is seen as a combination or extension of calligraphy, painting, an

15、d poetry. The Chinese term for “landscape” is made up of two characters meaning “mountains and water”. It is linked with the philosophy of Daoism, which emphasizes harmony with the natural world. Chinese artists do not usually paint real place but imaginary landscape which is no longer about the des

16、cription of the visible world, but a means of conveying the inner mind. People therefore believe that looking at landscape painting is a good way to realize the artists inner heart as well as a way to purify their souls.4、中国戏曲 Chinese Opera在中国，戏曲是一种很流行的戏剧形式，一般来说，可以追溯到唐朝时期，当时的皇帝唐玄宗创立了“梨园”。如今，许多外国人也很喜

17、欢中国的戏曲。最吸引他们的则是戏曲的独有风格画脸谱，它不仅是戏曲中的一大亮点，同时还要求独特的绘画技艺。每个演员脸上夸张的扮相代表其扮演角色的性格和命运。熟知戏曲的观众通过观察演员的脸谱和服装就可以知道角色背后的故事。通常，红色脸谱代表忠诚与勇敢；黑色代表凶猛；黄色和白色代表口是心非；金色和银色代表神秘。7对于中国人，特别是老年人，欣赏戏曲是他们的一大乐趣。Chinese opera is a popular form of drama in China. In general, it dates back to the Tang Dynasty with Emperor Xuanzong,

18、who founded the “Pear Garden”. Now Chinese opera is warmly welcomed by many foreign people. What appeals foreigners most might be the distinctive style of facial make-up, which is one of the highlights and requires distinctive techniques of painting. Exaggerated designs are painted on each performer

19、s face to symbolize a characters personality, and fate. Audiences who are familiar with opera can know the story by observing the facial painting as well as the costumes. Generally, a red face represents loyalty and bravery; a black face, rough ; yellow and white faces, duplicity; and golden and sil

20、ver faces, mystery. For Chinese, especially older folks, to listen to opera is a real pleasure. 5、京剧 Peking Opera京剧是中国的一种传统艺术。它是中国戏曲的一种，诞生于于1790年四大徽班（Four Great Anhui Troupes）入京表演的时候。19世纪中期得到快速发展，到清朝达到全盛阶段。京剧被看成是中国的文化瑰宝之一。虽然它被称为京剧，但是它的起源地却是中国的安徽省和湖北省。京剧起初是一种宫廷表演艺术，而后才慢慢普及到民间。在数百年前，京剧作为一种新的戏曲形式，无论在哪里

21、进行表演，都饱受欢迎。而在现代社会中，包括京剧在内的传统戏曲却不大能被年轻人接受，面临着巨大的生存危机。Peking opera is a traditional art in China. It is a kind of Chinese opera which was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes came to Beijing in 1790, arose in the mid-19th century and was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty. Peking opera is widely

22、regarded as one of the cultural treasures of China. Although it is called Beijing opera, its origins are in the Chinese provinces of Anhui and Hubei. Peking opera was originally staged for the court and came into the public later. Hundreds of years ago, as a new drama form, wherever it was performed

23、, it would be warmly welcomed. Unfortunately, in the modern world, traditional operas including Peking Opera have to face the existential crisis, because they are not easily accepted by younger generations.6、昆曲Kunqu Opera昆曲是中国古老戏曲中的一种，起源于江苏昆山，拥有600多年的历史。它是连接过去与现在，中国与世界的纽带，对现今中国的戏曲形式，包括川剧与京剧在内，都产生了重要

24、的影响。 昆曲蕴含了各种意象美，从音乐、舞蹈到诗歌，人们的精神世界甚至中国人的灵魂，都有所体现。正因为如此，昆曲在过去广受欢迎，也成了中国文化遗产中最珍贵的部分。但是现在，昆曲不仅面临着来自大众流行文化的挑战，而且年轻人也对其缺乏兴趣。只有进行适当的保护，昆曲才能拥有美好的未来。 Kunqu Opera, which originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu province, is one of Chinas classical operas with a history of more than 600 years. Kunqu Opera s

25、erves as a link between past and present, China and the world. It has exerted a dominant influence on recent forms of opera in China, including the Sichuan and Beijing operas. Kunqu Opera embraced every imaginable beauty, from music and dance, to poetry and peoples spirit world and even very soul of

26、 the Chinese nation, so that Kunqu Opera was so popular in the past and became the most valuable parts of Chinas cultural heritage. But now, Kunqu Opera is facing competition from mass culture and a lack of interest amongst the young. It can only have a bright future when it is protected in a proper

27、 way. 7、唐诗Poems of the Tang Dynasty唐代，是中国古典诗歌的鼎盛时期，在不到300年的时间里，涌现出了许多著名的诗人和诗作。清朝时编辑的全唐诗(Poems of the Tang Dynasty)已收录2200多位诗人创作的48900多首诗歌。这些诗歌让人们深入了解到当时社会生活的各个方面。中国人很喜欢唐诗，就连小孩子也能背出几首，如李白的静夜思(Thoughts in the Silent Night)，杜甫的春夜喜雨(Good Rain on a Spring Night)等等。唐诗不仅是中国古代文学史上最光辉的一页，而且也是人类文化史中的一个奇迹。The

28、Tang Dynasty witnessed the peak of Chinese ancient poetry, with many renowned poets and famous works appearing over a period of less than 300 years. Poems of the Tang Dynasty edited during the Qing Dynasty has collected more than 48,900 poems written by over 2,200 poets. These poems provide an insig

29、ht into all aspects of the social life of the period. Chinese people are very fond of Tang poetry, and even children can recite some from memory, such as Thoughts in the Silent Night by Li Bai, Good Rain on a Spring Night by Du Fu, etc. Tang poetry not only serves as a most brilliant page in the his

30、tory of ancient Chinese literature, but is also a miracle in the history of human culture. 8、中国武术 Chinese Martial Arts/ Kungfu中国武术拥有悠久的历史，在中国广为流行。受中国古典美学所提倡的刚柔并济的影响，中国武术形成了自己的审美标准。3现在很多人习武是为了健康、娱乐和竞技。为了更好地传承这一古老的技艺，全国各地开设有很多的武术俱乐部和协会。自1980年起，一大批武术专业的毕业生被分配到学校里教授武术。现在很多专家通过将搏斗技巧和健康结合到一起，试着将武术变为一项科学的运

31、动。他们希望有一天，武术可以作为一项赛事纳入奥运会中。Chinese martial arts enjoy a long history and great popularity in China. Influenced by ancient Chinese aesthetics which advocated a balance between hardness and softness, Chinese martial arts have formed their own aesthetic standards. Today, many people practice it to purs

32、ue health, entertainment and competition. In order to inherit the ancient art, many martial arts clubs and associations have been established across China. Since 1980, a large number of graduates majoring in martial arts have been assigned to teach martial arts in schools. Many specialists today are

33、 tying to turn martial arts into a scientific sport by combining fighting skills with health. They hope that one day martial arts will become a sport event at the Olympic Games. 9、长城The Great Wall长城，作为中国的象征之一，不仅是中国的奇迹，也是整个世界的奇迹。它始建于春秋战国时期，秦始皇统一中国后，连结了各段长城以抵御外敌入侵。现存的长城遗迹主要为建于14世纪的明长城。长城有着两千多年的历史，于198

34、7年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。现如今，长城仍是世界上最受欢迎的景点之一。As one of the symbols of China, the Great Wall is a wonder not only to China but also to the whole world. The Great Wall was first built in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. After the unification of China, the first Emperor of Qin link

35、ed up different sections of the walls to prevent the invasion of the enemies. The present preserved Great Wall of China is the major parts built in the 14th century, called Ming Great Wall. With a long history of more than 2,000 years, the Great Wall of China was listed as World Heritage by UNESCO i

36、n 1987. Until now, the Great Wall is still one of the most popular attractions in the world.10、故宫The Imperial Palace故宫又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心，占地面积72万平方米。它拥有众多的庭院，四面有高墙和护城河保护。明清两代的皇帝和他们的家眷以及数百名宫女、太监曾在这里居住。紫禁城于明朝1420年建成，普通百姓不能进入。在1924年清朝末代皇帝被逐出故宫后，故宫于1925年变成了故宫博物院并对外开放。Standing/Lying in the center of Beijing, t

37、he Imperial Palace, also known as the Forbidden City, covers an area of 720,000 square meters. It consists of dozens of courtyards and is protected by high walls and a moat on all four sides. The emperors of two dynasties, the Ming and the Qing, lived here with their families and hundreds of court l

38、adies and palace eunuchs. The Forbidden City was completed in 1420 during the Ming Dynasty, which was not accessible to the common people. The Palace was converted into a museum in 1925 and has been open to the public after the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was driven out of the Palace in 1924.题一

39、：1936年竺可桢授命出任浙江大学微博校长。在此之前，他已经是一位声名卓著的自然科学家了。从1936年到1949年，竺可桢当了十三年大学校长。在连绵不断的战争、学运的夹缝中，在极为恶劣的环境下，他跋涉五千里、五易校址、历经五省、颠沛流离，居然将这所他接手时只有三个学院、十六个系的大学办成了拥有七个学院、二十七个学系全国最完整的两所大学之一。参考答案：In 1936,Zhu Kezhen was appointed as the principal of Zhejiang University.Even before then,he had been a famous natural scien

40、tist.From 1936 to 1949,Zhu Kezhen worked as the university principal for 13 years.In the extremely hostile environment filled with converging attacks by continuous wars and various university affairs,being homeless and miserable,he trudged 5,000 li and drifted from place to place through 5 provinces

41、,with the university location being changed 5 times.He actually developed the university into one of the nations two most integrated universities composed of 7 schools and 27 departments,compared with only 3 schools and 16 departments when he took it over。他跋涉五千里、五易校址、历经五省、颠沛流离，分析：颠沛流离：drifted from p

42、lace to place,这个词还有另外一层意思就是“无家可归，生活痛苦”，为了意思表达的全面，将“homeless and miserable”以分词形式作伴随状语译出，可以表达这是一种持续的状态。题二：乒乓球在中国是一项颇受欢迎和推崇的运动。长期以来，它的确是中国唯一的运动，似乎集足球、篮球和棒球于一身，但却更受欢迎。任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一个球、一张桌子和一张网而已，这些都易于临时拼凑(improvise)。人们可以在休息间隙或消磨时间时打兵兵球。在中国的学校、工厂甚至某些公司里，都能找到乒兵球桌。参考答案：Table tennis is a spo

43、rt which gains much popularity and praise in China. For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football,basketball and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular. Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table a

44、nd net, which are easy to be improvised. People can play it when taking a break or killing time.You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories or even some companies all over China.题三：如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大 学生之间的竞争也越来越激

45、烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。参考答案：Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subj

46、ects andit is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that colle

47、ge students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience。难点精析1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth。表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困难”，用到了句型have diffic

48、ulties in doing sth.。2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。只有当 才 用强调句型it is only whenthat表示。3.导致：翻译为results in,同义短语有lead to和bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语result in。4.强烈建议：翻译为it is highly suggested that.，其中highl

49、y suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替换，都表示“强烈建议做某事”。5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience。题四：中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。汉译英：China is a time-honored m

50、ulti-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The m

51、ost influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points。题五：中国城市化(urbanization)

52、将会充分释放潜在内需(domestic demand)。一些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设(infrastructure construction)，包括水源等能源的供应将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满足消费者的需求。Chinas urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some e

53、conomists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, in?cluding water and

54、 energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban develop?ment as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods an

55、d services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Ex-panding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers。题六：现代人类约公元前50000年第一次从中亚或印度来到中国。这些石器时代(Stone Age)的人，居住在洞穴中，穿着毛皮。公元前4000年左右，这些人开始种植水稻，并饲养羊和鸡。约公元前3000年，他们开始使用陶器(pottery)并住在房子里。到公元前2000年，中国人已进入青铜时代(Bronze Age)，并开始用于写字。约公元前700年，中国的金属工人

56、学会制作铁器工具和武器。Modem humans first came to China from Central Asia or India about 50,000 BC. These were Stone Age people, who lived in caves and wore fur and leather. By around 4,000 BC, these people were starting to farm rice and keep sheep and chickens. By about 3,000 BC, they were using pottery and l

57、iving in houses. By 2,000 BC，Chinese people had entered the Bronze Age and had begun to use writing. By about 700 BC， Chinese metal-workers learned to make iron tools and weapons。题七：许多刚毕业的大学生找不到工作，在校学生则担心他们的未来。多个调查显示，三分之二的中国毕业生想在政府或者国有企业工作，而不是为中国令人瞩目的经济增长提供动力的民营企业。政府和国有企业被认为能免受经济萧条的影响。如今几乎没有大学生愿意放弃政

58、府的铁饭碗而下海、加入初创企业或自己创业。Many recent college graduates cant find a job and students are fearful about their future. Two-thirds of Chinese graduates say they want to work either in the government or state-owned firms，which are seen as recession-proof, rather than at the private companies that have powered Chinas remarkable economic climb, surveys indicate. Few college students today, according to the surveys, are ready to leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to join startups or go into business。题八：目前，全球变暖是一个热门话题，但是有关