高中英语语法专题复习--主谓一致ppt课件

1、复习重点复习重点1. 主谓一致主要遵照三个原那么：主谓一致主要遵照三个原那么： 语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。2. 分数、百分数、不定式、动词分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing方式作方式作主语时的主谓一致。主语时的主谓一致。根底知识根底知识一、主谓一致的原那么一、主谓一致的原那么主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。普通遵照以下原那么：持一致。普通遵照以下原那么：1. 语法一致原那么：主语和谓语在人称和语法一致原那么：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，即主语是单数方式，谓语动数上一致，即主语是单数方式，谓语动词也采用单数方式；主

2、语是复数方式，词也采用单数方式；主语是复数方式，谓语动词也采用复数方式。谓语动词也采用复数方式。2. 意义一致原那么：谓语的单复数取决于意义一致原那么：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语方式上为单数，主语的意义。有时主语方式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数方式；有时主语方式上为复数也用复数方式；有时主语方式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义运用单数方式。义运用单数方式。3. 就近一致原那么：谓语动词的方式与临就近一致原那么：谓语动词的方式与临近近 的主语在人称和数上一致，如的主语在人称和数上一

3、致，如“There be 句型即适用这一原那么。句型即适用这一原那么。二、主谓一致的详细运用二、主谓一致的详细运用1. 名词作主语名词作主语1) 集合名词作主语，假设表示整体概念，谓集合名词作主语，假设表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数方式；假设强调个体，谓语语动词用单数方式；假设强调个体，谓语动词用复数方式。常见的这类名词有：动词用复数方式。常见的这类名词有：army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, committee, enemy, government, population等。等。 有些集合名词如有些集合名词如cattle, peo

4、ple, police等，等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必需用复数。通常看作复数，谓语动词必需用复数。e.g. The team is the best in the league. The team are driving to the game in their own cars. team 意为意为“队员们队员们 The police are also looking for a second car.2) 单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决议谓语方式，常见的这类名词义来决议谓语方式，常见的这类名词 有：有：deer, fish, sheep, Chi

5、nese, Japanese, means, works工厂等。工厂等。 e.g. The only means of communication between them was sign language. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.3) 表示单数概念的复形名词，如：学科表示单数概念的复形名词，如：学科maths，physics等、机构、书名、剧等、机构、书名、剧名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。 e.g. Maths is one of the most

6、 important courses in the senior school. The Times is Britains oldest national daily.4) 表成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通表成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数方式，有：常用复数方式，有：trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。但假设其前有等。但假设其前有a pair of, a kind of等修饰时，谓语动词普等修饰时，谓语动词普通用单数。通用单数。 e.g. A pair of trousers is on the bed. My blue trousers hav

7、e worn out.5) 当名词短语中心词为表示间隔、金额、当名词短语中心词为表示间隔、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 e.g. Seven kilometers was covered in two hours. Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. Ten minutes was given to prepare the answer.6) “the +描画词或过去分词构造作主语时描画词或过去分词构造作主语时，如表

8、示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词，如表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，这类词有用复数，这类词有wounded, rich, unemployed, blind等。等。 e.g. The unemployed lead a miserable life.7) “more than one / many a +单数名词作单数名词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数方式；主语，谓语动词通常用单数方式；“more + 复数名词复数名词+than one 作主语，作主语，谓语动词通常用复数方式。谓语动词通常用复数方式。 e.g. There is more than one answer to your qu

9、estion. Many a critic is satisfied with the play. More boxes than one have been used at the station.8) “分数或百分数分数或百分数+ of + 名词构成的短语名词构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of 后名词的数。后名词的数。 e.g. Only one third of the work was done yesterday. Three fourths of the students come to school on time.2. 代词作主语代词

10、作主语1) 由代词由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another以及合成代词以及合成代词something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主语时，谓语动词均作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。用单数。 e.g. Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase. Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in

11、.2) 关系代词关系代词who, that, which 等在定语从句等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与先行词的中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。数一致。 e.g. David is one of those people who have trouble making up their minds.先行先行 词是词是people He is the only one of the students who was late this morning.当当one 前有前有 the only 时，先行词是时，先行词是one3) all, most, none, some 等作主语

12、时，谓语等作主语时，谓语动词的方式要根据它们所替代的内容来动词的方式要根据它们所替代的内容来定。定。 e.g. All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion. None is more qualified for the task than he.3. 由衔接词衔接的名词或代词作主语由衔接词衔接的名词或代词作主语1) 用用and或或both . and . 衔接并列主语，假衔接并列主语，假设意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。设意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但由但由and衔接的并列主语假设指的是同一衔接的并

13、列主语假设指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词那么用单数方式，这时那么用单数方式，这时and后面的可数名后面的可数名词不带冠词。词不带冠词。e.g. Both the secretary and the manager have agreed to be present. Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions. There is a watch and chain on the table. watch and chain 带链的

14、表带链的表2) 当主语后跟有阐明主语的修饰语，如用当主语后跟有阐明主语的修饰语，如用with, as well as, along with, rather than, together with, including, in addition to与与修饰语衔接时，谓语动词的人称和数与修饰语衔接时，谓语动词的人称和数与主语坚持一致。主语坚持一致。 e.g. The missing things, as well as the bag, have been found and returned to the owner.3) 由由or, either . or ., neither . nor

15、 ., not only . but also .等衔接的名词或代词作等衔接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与临近的主语相一主语时，谓语动词要与临近的主语相一致。致。 e.g. Either his brother or his friends are wrong. Not only the students but also their teacher goes to the exhibition.4. 从句及非谓语动词作主语从句及非谓语动词作主语1) 名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但假设是两个或两个以上的从句单数。但假设是两个或两个以上的从句由由

16、and衔接表两个概念时，谓语动词用衔接表两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决议。动词的数由其表示的意义来决议。e.g. Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. What caused the snow slide and how many tourists are injured are still unknown. What you want is a big bag. You need not get any more stamps. Wha

17、t we have are quite sufficient.2) 动词动词-ing方式短语或不定式短语作主语方式短语或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。时，谓语动词通常用单数。 e.g. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.用括号内单词的正确方式填空。用括号内单词的正确方式填空。1. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43. _ (be) often acceptable.2021新课标全国卷新课标全国卷II 2. Confucius believed knives would remind

18、 people of killings and69. _ (be) too violent for use at the table. 2021新课标新课标全国卷全国卷IIIiswere3. It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years of achieve. 【2021湖南】湖南】 A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; takeAI. 选用选用am, is, are, was, were

19、填空。填空。1. As you can see, the instructions for downloading software from the Internet _ confusing for many people.2. The chief editor together with his editors _ now discussing the new law about newspapers that _ newly published last month.areiswas3. There _ still seventeen people ahead of me in the

20、bank line, which drove me crazy.4. I, who _ your deskmate now, hope we can help each other with our studies.5. It s a good time to buy things, because everything on those shelves _ on sale.wereamis6. Nobody but doctors or nurses _ allowed to enter the patients room now.7. Nowadays, rent and car insu

21、rance _ my biggest expenses each month.8. The manager and designer _ to give some suggestions for the design of the new building tomorrow.isareisII. 用括号内动词的正确方式填空。用括号内动词的正确方式填空。I used to think there 1. _ (be) few tasks more difficult than picking out birthday presents for my friends. Since my husban

22、d and I dont have much extra money, expensive gifts are out, and the household goods on sale at K-Mart 2. _ (be)not the kinds of presents theyd enjoy getting. wereareBut birthday shopping has become simpler since I decided that everybody really 3. _ (like) toys. Children s catalogs and novelty ( 新颖小巧物品的新颖小巧物品的) shops 4. _ (be) where I do my buying.