中科大EPC综合英语考试资料(完整版)教学文稿

1、精品资料科 大 EPC 综 合 英语 考试资料（完整版）1 . tribal2 . dominanT3 . obscurity4. popularity5 . unavoidable6 . concision-conciseness7. iniperfecriiti&S . lost9. displaced10. irregularitiesReference key.1 r back2 , like3 .哨峰4. tc5 .6 . use7 . complimentary8 . another9. because10. as1 . more12. why13 . well14 . w

2、liat15 . understood16. Doif117 . mentioned18 . with19. wearitkE20. latest1 . ±e->a2 . And -> But3 .was used used4.anything something5 .some day * one day6.off-> from7 .and dMt -> or dot门8,nearby *> near9 .long -> longer】o.straightly > straight1 . Dr. Sun was keen oti sports

3、 whik he was siudying at college. Often as not. he had a tw'o-kihmeter run round the campus before bnjakfest.2 . Education is to a human soul what gardening is to a piece of land.3 . The Lui'asion of France by Gemiany in 1942 demonstrated the might of the Nazi ruilitary machine, which made H

4、itler all the more airogant and conceited.4 . Having been 哂=11 prepared, she managed to over。0nle her usual nen'ousness and delivered a smooth speech, only stumbling once or twice over ±c bceinnina part.5 . Steven Spielbeig is 3 talented director well known to eveiybody in the Utiired State

5、s, and his movies liave also appealed to people of all ages all over the world.6 . TNs Kasonably priced homemade refrigerator is cotnparablu in quality to rhat more expensive imported one.English is one of the major languages of the world. At the begii)ning of the 19th centuiy, English was the nativ

6、e speech of barely 15 million people. Today, it is used re 纠 lady by as many as 400 million and is second only to Chinese.Of the 3000 or more tonaues spoken today, about half a. dozen predominate, having atiiMig their speakers two thirds of the world's population. English： as one of those influe

7、ntial and growing languages： is spoken in areas widely scattered over the globe. It is the native or official language of one fifth of the earth's land surface, beine used thioiiEbout most of the North American Continent and in the British Islesh Australia. New Zealand, and ±e Republic of S

8、outh Afiica. Of ±e languages of colonization it has been the most important one in Africa, Asia and the islands of thu central and soulh Pacific.Various iniio'aticnis hae been introduced as ways to break out of the rigid system which forces students through a series of identical classroonii

9、 in which teachers do most of the talking aiid students have little oppoitutiih . The aiilhcr is mainly concemcd with.A. pwvidi唯 die possibility for snidetits to take the courses they warnR. making wclmolugy an active tool in the schoolC. relieving the teacher from routine duties D. tneeiins the nee

10、ds of each student . It can be inferred from the Einicle that a good cducadonaJ system must. I A. not depend on teachersB. make use of varying methods of tcachinaC. place a renewed emphasis on scienceD. net oianize their iiistructiati . The author sugaests that ±e basic role of ±e teacher

11、in the educational system should be.A. a$ a lecturerB. that of a tecbnologistC. as the source of knowledgeD much more than that of da&srooin reaching . The negative reactions of students to technology aie the result of . A. unknoTi factors B. a general hostility toward education C. its misuse D.

12、 its newness in the schools to lespoud. Amona tliese innovations are team teachitis and teacher aides, non-siaded elementary and secondaiy schools, independent study, curi-icula focused on helping students discover ±inss for themselves rather than on trying to tell them e'erythiug and schoo

13、ls designed fbr niaxiiiiimi flexibility so that students can work alone, or in small eroups, or take pait in lar3e-group instiuction via diverse media. The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely ( the needs of each individual student. Many people who liave a strona disli

14、ke to oreanizina initmetion scientifically and to bringinfi new technoloay into the schools and colleges fail to realize tliat the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid. The vast differences in the ways students kam are disregarded when they are taught the same thing： in the same w

15、ay, at the same time. There is no escaping the evidence that many students themselves feel little euthusiasni and even outiight hostility fbr the present way schools and colleges are oreaiiized and instruction is handled. Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology

16、used as a means fbi handling a laree number of students. Or it is programming vs liich merely reproduces conventional classroom teaching What iustmetion requires iis an arrangement of resources whereby the student responds and learns, reaching new plateaus from which to climb tc higher levels of und

17、erstanding. Technological media can store information until it is needed or wanted. They can distribute it over distances to leach the student where he happens to be. They can present the information to the student through 'arious senses. They can give the student the opponimit>r to react to

18、the material in many ways. In short, the smdenfs opportunities for leaining can be increased and enlmced by using a wide range of ins true cional lechnoloe)r. All the available resources for instmcEioiL including the teacher, can work together to citzate conditions for maximum effective lemming.5 .

19、All of rhe hl lowing are tnentioned as a capability of technological media EXCEPT their abiliiy toA. make it easier for students to obtain needed infbmiationB. provide many waa of 磔由1里 the same 也腿C. make leannng easy and fimD. replace ladiiional reports口 (Click for the anw启rsjReference key.1 D2 B3 ,

20、 D4, C5 . DTraditionall methods of caching no longer suffice in this teclmolo3ica world. Currently there are more than 100,000 computers in schooJnoeims in the United States. Students, mediocre and bright alike, from the first stade threugh high scliool. not only aie not intimidated by coniputeri, b

21、ur ha'e become avid panicipaiits in the computer epoch.Kids operating computers implement their CQiriculuin with great versatility. A musical student can program musical notes so that ±e computer will play Beethoven or the Beatles. For a biology dass, the computer can produce a picture of t

22、he intricate actions of the body's organs, thus eiiabline today's students to envisage human biology in a profound way. A nuclear reactor is no longer an enigma to students who can see its woikinas in minute details on a computer. In WisconsiiL the Chippewa Indians are studying their ancient

23、 and almost forgotten Janguage with the aid of a computer. More coininonly, the coniputei is used for drilling inath and language concepts so that youngsters may leam at their own speed without trying the patience of their human teachers. The simplest computers aid the haudicapped, who leaw more rap

24、idly from the computer than from humans. Once irksome, remedial drills and exercises novi' on computer are conducive to learning because the machine responds to correct ans'ers with praise and to incorrect answers with fiiowus and even an occasional tear.Adolescents have become so exhilarate

25、d by computers that they have developed their ou jargon, easily understood by their peel-s but leaving their disconceiled panents in the dark. They hav已 shown so much fervor fbr computers that they ha e formed computer dubs; beguile their leisure hours in computer store圣 and even attend computer cam

26、ps.This 15 deiinitely the computer age. t is expected that by 1999 there will be between 300,000 and 650.000 conipulcrs in American schools. Mzinufacrurers of computers aic presently getting tax write-offs for donatiiiE equipment lo colleges and universities and are pushing for Iceislaticn to obtain

27、 further dcduclioDS fbr contributions to clcnicntan- and high schools. Furthcmiorc, the price of coniputcrs has steadily fallen io the point where a small computer ibr home or office is being sold for less than SWO. At ihal price every class in the ixuniry will soon have compiler kids.1 . Whar is rh

28、e challenge of traditional teacliine methods?2 . How enthusiastic aie the adolescents with computers?S . What can the computer do in a biology class?4 . How can the computer be used by the Chippewa Indians?5 . What is the main idea of diis passage0审(Click for the answers.)1 . Computers now play ail

29、iiidispensable rok in the school teachins.2 . They fbmi computer clubs: stay in computer stores and attend computer camps.3 . It can produce a picture of the intricate actions of the body's orEans.4 . To study thir ancient and almost fbiEQtten language.5 . This is a computer epocL especial in ed

30、ucation and to the children.In Great Britain at present the speech of educated persons is known as Received Standard English. A class dialect rather than (1)7 it is based on the type of speech cultivated at such schools as Eton and Hairow and at such of the older universities as (2). Many English pe

31、ople who speak regional dialects in their childhood acquire Received Standard English (3). Its influence has become (4)because of its use by such public media as the British Bioadcasting Corp.An imporunt development of English outside Great Britain (5). American English may be considered to include

32、the English spoken in Canada, although the Canadian variety (6). The most distinguishing difleixiiccs between American English and British English arc in pronunciation and vocabulary. (7). Written American English also has a tendency to be more rigid in mailers cf graniniar and synl 或 but at the sam

33、e time appears to be more tolerant of the use of neologisms, Despite these diflcn:ncc5; it 15 often difficult to dclcrminc-apait from contcxl-(8) in Great Britain cr the US./Cftnada-ur. for that matter, in Australia. New Zealand, or Soulh Africa.o (Click for the answers.)1 . a regional dialect2 . Ox

34、ford and Cambridge3 . while attending school and university4 . c'cn stronger in recent year5 . occurred with the colonization of North America6 . retains some fealures of British prcnunciaticii. spelling, and vocabulary7 . There are slighter dit&rences in spelling, pitch, and stress as well8

35、 . wterher seiious hierary works have been ivrirren1 . How long has language probably existed?2 . According to the passage, how did language come into beingQj . What is the first real evidence of laHffuage?4 . Languages change. Please name one of the reasons why changes take place.5 . Do Izuigiiages

36、 become better, worse or difierent?6 . Why do languages chan£e e en more slow ly in modem industrial societies?(Click for the answers.)No 0口e knows how language beeaii. Because all people who aie not disabled have the ability to speak, language has probably existed at least as long as the niode

37、ru human species. Most scholars b已litv that language developed very slowly from sound, such as enints, barks and hootst made by pichumaii creatures. According to this view, a simple system of vocal communication became monc complex as the human brain and speech organs evolved. But no one knows *he口

38、and how this process took place. In tacr then: is no record of lEMigiiage for most ofics existence. The first real evidence of language is writing, But scholars believe that writing did not appear until thousands of years after the origin of lanEiiagc. The earliest known written records an: Sumerian

39、 word-pictures made about 3500B.C. and Egyptian hicrusK'phics that date from about 3000 B. C. Written Chinese dates from pcrliaps L5Q0B.CJt Greek from about 1400B.C., and Latin from about 500 B.C.No one knows all the reasons why languages change, bul they conlinuc to do so as long as people spea

40、k ihcni. In a few cascsh the chanaes can be explained. For examples, words are added to a vccabulan-' to refer to new ideas or abjects. Contacts between speakers of different lansuases may cause words &um Qe lancuHEe to enter into another language.Most language changes occur for unknown reas

41、ons. LanEuages do not become better or worse, only different . The change is very slow. Speakers of English may notice diiRreiiGes between how they and ihcr Enclish spczikcrs talk and may also recognize ccnain changes in their svn speech. But theses differences do nol make English speakers think (ha

42、t they arc dialling froni one language to another. If present-day speakers of English vy to read Old English, however, (hey find that ii is as unlike modem English ad are French or Gemian. In inodem industrial societies, ianuae diau跋& take place even more skwly. Educaricnal systems and such cent

43、ralized conununication systems as radio and tele'ision ptaniote the i耻 of a STatitol form of a langu熊色 Under these conditions, a latiuae is likely ro reniiti more stableO. However, language will probably never stop changing entirely.1 . At least as long as the modem huinan species.2 . From sound

44、, such as grunts, barks and h&QtsT made by prehuman creatures.3 . Writing.4 . Wards arc added to a voc且biliary to refer to new ideas or objects. / Contacts between speakers of difierenl languages may cause words from one lazguaec to enter into another language5 . Languages do not become better o

45、r worse, only diflerem.6 . Educational systems and such centralized cotinnuiiication &ystetis as radio and re evision pramore rhe use of a standard form of a language.Chai acteristics of cultural chanae:Diffusion :AcculLuratiou :Assimilation :j (Click for The answers,)Ev总ry culture changes. But

46、all parts of a culture do net change at the same time. Science and cechnoloey may sometimes change so rapidly that they lessen the itnportance of customs, id己as： and other ncnniaterial parts of a culture. At other times, change5 in ideas and social systems may occur before changes in technology. The

47、 failuie of certain parts of a culture to keep up with other related parts is referred to as cultural lag.No society is so isolated that it does not come in contact with other societies. Whsn contact occurs, societies borrow cultural traits finom one another. a result cultural trails and patterns le

48、nd to spread from the society in liich they originated. This spreadinc process is called diffusion. Com gmvving： fcr cxampleT began in what is now Mexico thousands of years ago and e'entually spread throughout the world.Difliision can occur without firsthand contact between cultures. Products or

49、 patterns may move trom group A to group C throueh group B without any contact behveun group A and group C. Today： diffusion is rapid and widespread because many culruncs of the world arc linked through advanced means of transportation and conmiunication.When two cultures hare continuous ccnract wit

50、h each whet, the exchange of culture traifi is called acculturation. Acculturation has often occuned when one culture lias colonized or conquered another or as a result of trade. In addition lo adopting each iber's traits, the two cultures may blend mits. For example if rhe people of the culnitw

51、 speak differenr huguages, rhey 巾ay de'elop a mixed language called pidgin in order to comniunicate. The cultures may also exchange oi blend such tiaits as clothing dances, music, recipes, and tools. Through acculmralion, parts of the culture of one or both groups change：, but rhe groups remain

52、disrinct. In rhis way, acculturation differs fimni a$siniilaticn. Through assindlarinn, one group becomes part of another eroup aud loses its separate identity.仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除 谢谢5精品资料I . Ditfusion can occur without firsthand contact betw een cultures. Products or patterns may move from group A t

53、o group C (hrough group B without any conracr between group A 0md group C. it is rapid and widespread.7 , Atciilluraticm has often cctuned when one culture has colonized or conquered another, or as A result of trade. Through acculturatioi), pans of the culture of one or both ginups but the 'onps

54、 remain distinct.8 . Through assitnilarion, one giaup becomes parr of another group and loses irs 导印耨第u idetniy.1 . OA, 60,000I B. 600.000C C, 6,(W,M0D,砒州0理02，c A, LatitiB. FrenchC C. GemiatiD. Tialian3 . A. Because many English words weit borrowed fircm other languages.B. Because many English woids

55、 were fonned by combining other words.C. Because many English words are spelled similarly but prememneed diffeiently, or vice versa.D. Because the pronuuciation of some words remained the same, though their spellingchauged.4 .0 A- pronouus k B. nouns工 C. verbsQD. adverbs5 . A. They arc used lo expre

56、ss rclaticraships between function words in a sentence.B. They arc used (c show ihc structural meanings of Uic sentence.C. The are used to saury the basic vocabular>' meanings.D. Tley are used io indicate variations of words,6. Ba. IBb. 2CC, 3£d, 4English language is the mosi widely spok

57、en language in he world. It is used as eirtier a primary or s«candarjF language in tnany countries,English lias a larger vccabulai>? than any other language. There are more rhan 600.000 words in the largest dkdotiaries of the English language.Sotne English words bar七 been passed on from genc

58、rarion To generation express basic ideas and feelings. Later, many word& were borrowed ftom other languages, including Arabic. French, German, Greek, Italian, l.atin, and Spanish. For example, algebra is from A旧忻匚 fiishion fiom French, piano frcrtii Italian, and canyon from Spanish. A number of

59、English words were fomied by combining other words. Words can also be shoitened to form new words.Pronuticiation and spelling in English scmetinies seem illogical or inconsistent. Many words are spelled similarly though pronounced differently. Examples include coueJi, though, and through. Other words, such as blue, crew, to. too. and shoe, have similar ruonuiiciatioiis but aie spelled differentlv. Many of th