(完整word版)定语从句和同位语从句的区别

1、定语从句和同位语从句的区别一、定语从句是形容词从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的； 同位语从句是名词从句，其作用相当于一个名词，是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。 例如：1 We heard the news that he had told her.我们听到他对她说的消息。2 We heard the news that he had won the game.我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。例 1 中的 that 从句的作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰 the news ；例 2 中的 that 从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对 the news 的进一步说明。二、定语从句的

2、引导词在从句中充当一定的成分，可作主语、宾语、状语等；而同位语从句 中的引导词在从句只起连接作用，不作任何句子成分。 例如：1. A plane is a machine that can fly.飞机是一种能飞的机器。2. The fact that they didn t finish the work has to be faced.必须面对事实，他们没有完成工作。例 1 中的引导词 that 在从句中充当句子成分，作从句的主语，故为定语从句；例 2中 的 that 只起连接作用，引导从句解释 fact 的内容，不作任何句子成分，故为同位语从句。三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状

3、语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语 从句的引导词一般不能省略，更不能被代替。例如：1. The news that she heard is true.她听到的消息是真的。2. The news that she will go abroad is true.她将出国这消息是真的。例 1 是定语从句， that 可省略；例 2 是同位语从句， that 不能省略。3. The reason why he was chosen remains unknown. 他为什么被选上的原因还是不清 楚。4. The idea why he was chosen attracted our atten

4、tion.他为什么会被选上，这一想法引起我们的注意。例 3 中 why 引导的是定语从句， why 可以被 for which 或 that 代替；例 4 中 why 引导 的是同位语从句， why 不能省去，也不能被其它词代替。四、同位语从句与其所修饰的名词之间是一种同位关系，二者之间存在逻辑上的系表关系， 可用“主 +系 +表”结构来表示。 例如：The news that he won the first place is true.他赢得冠军的那个消息是真的。上句若用“主 +系+表”结构来表示，则是： The news is that he won the first place. 消

5、息是他赢得了冠军。意思合理，系表结构成立，故为同位语从句。五、定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是各类名词，可以有复数形式；而同位语从句一般 都与抽象名词同位，一般没有复数形式。 例如：1. The possibilities that she was offered seemed very great.她得到的可能性似乎大些。2. Her mother was worried about the possibility that her daughter dislike to goto school. 她的母亲很担心，她女儿有可能不喜欢上学。例 1 中的 possibilities 是定语从句

6、的先行词，可用复数形式；例2 中的 possibility是抽象名词，后接的是同位语从句，一般不用复数形式。六、由 when, why, where 引导的定语从句分别修饰或说明表示时间、原因或地点的词，但 它们引导的同位语从句一般不和表示时间或地点的词同位。 例如：1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我仍然记得初次来北京的那天。2. I have no idea when she will be back.我不知道她何时回来。3. This is the house where I lived two years

7、ago.这是我两年前住的房子。4. The question where we shall have a meeting hasn t decided. 我们到什么地方去开会，这个问题没有决定。例 1、 3 中的 when 和 where 引导的是定语从句， day 和 house 分别表示时间和地点；例 2、4 中的 when 和 where 引导的是同位语从句。同位语从句练习题1.The fact she works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which2.The fact he was successful pr

8、oves his ability.A.that B.what C.which D.why3. The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A. what B.that C.why D.when4. His suggestion the meeting be delayed was turned down.A.which B.that C./ D.it5.I have no idea he will start.A.when B.that C.what D./6.Ive come from the government with a messag

9、e the meeting wont be heldtomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which7. The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.A.when B.which C.what D.that8. The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear he wo

10、ulddie of the disease.A.thatB.asC.of whichD.which10. He often asked me the question the work was worth doing.A.whether B.where C.that D.when名词性从句一、语法知识（一）, 主语从句1, 由 what 等代词引导的从句 , 表示”所的 （ 东西）”, 实际上等于一个现行 词加上一个定语从句 . 也可以由 -ever 等代词引导 .What they are talking about is nothing valuable.What I really wan

11、t is to have a good rest.Whatever she did is wrong.Whoever passes the exam can get 50 yuan.Whoever used to have another name raise your hand.2, 由that 引导的从句 ,通常用形式主语来代替 .That he has disappeared worries his parents.It worries his parents that he has disappeared.It is not likely that he can win the lot

12、tery.It is a big surprise that he is still alive.3, 由连接代词或连接副词或 whether 引导的从句 .When she will be back is still a question.Where they had put the files troubled the spy.Whether he will take part in the play is clear.Whether or not she will go to Japan is up to her.（二）, 宾语从句1, 由连接代词或副词引起的从句 .Please sho

13、w me how to make him happy.I don t know who did all the cleaning.Have you decided whom you will take to Australia?She still wondered when she would leave school.I am wondering whether/if the dress is too short.He advised me which books I should read.还可以做介词的宾语 .The singer still worries about where to

14、 live.The price depends on how many you will buy.2, 由关系代词型 what 等代词引起的从句 .I will tell you what I know.Well give whatever help you need.I plan to read whichever book you recommend.His father was not satisfied with what he had.She walked up to where I stood.3, 由 that 引起的从句 , 在 believe, think, suppose

15、后常不加 that.在 think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词引起的宾语从句中 , 有时谓语尽 管是否定意思 , 也只将前面的词否定 .I don t think you can beat me.He doesnt expect we need worry.有时在宾语和谓语之间可以插入一个间接宾语或状语 .She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend.They explained to us that they didnt mean to make us angry.有时在这种带有复合宾语的句子中 , that 引

16、起的从句常常移到后面 , 前面用 一个 it 作为形式宾语 .I thought it very impossible that she would come.They took it for granted that the singer was coming.（三）, 表语从句是接在系动词后面的宾语从句 .（四）, 同位语从句 , 在 idea, fact rumor, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt 等等词后面 , 常常用 that 或连接代词或副词引导从句 .I had no idea that they were in that plane.He

17、 left me a message that he would buy me a ticketto the rock concert.The news that we will have a one-month vacation is not true.二、练习与检测1. we need more practice is quite clear.A. When B. WhatC. That D. /2. I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.A. If B. WhetherC. Even if D. No matter

18、 when3. knows the truth about it will tell you.A. Who that B. ThatC. Whoever D. That who4. he is doing seems quite difficult.A. How B. ThatC. Which D. What5. certain that his invention will lead to the development ofproduction.A. That s B. This isC. It s D. What s6. that there is another good harves

19、t this year.A. It says B. It is saidC. It was said D. He was said7. that she has received a doctor s degree.A. It s a splendid news B. This is a splendid newsC. It s splendid news D. This is splendid news8. It is strange .A. that no one should like this bookB. that no one liked this bookC. that why

20、no one likes this bookD. why no one likes this book9. It is suggested that the experiment under low temperature.A. makes B. is makeC. should be made D. will be made10. still needs to be discussed.A. How is the plan to be carried outB. How the plan is to be carried outC. Why is the plan carried outD.

21、 Why the plan carried out11. is unknown to us all.A. Where did she put it B. Where she put itC. That where she put it D. In which she put it12. nothing to do with us.A. What he did is B. What he has done isC. What did he do has D. What he has done has13. That s the Party called on us to do.A. what B

22、. thatC. how D. why14. She looked she were ten years younger.A. that B. likeC. as D. as though15. The reason I have to go is ifI don t.A. that she will be disappointedB. because she will be disappointedC. on account of her being disappointedD. that she will be disappointing16. It was he worked hard

23、that he succeeded.A. because B. sinceC. as D. for17. It seemed that the girl .A. had lost important something B. had lost something importantC. lost important things D. lost something important18. The fact he is an advanced worker is well known.A. what B. whichC. that D. whys policy19. The fact in t

24、 he past few years proves that our Partyis correct.A. that great achievement was madeB. which great achievements were madeC. what have been madeD. that great achievements have been made20. I have no idea .A. what does the word“infinity ” meanB. what the word “infinity ” meansC. what the meaning of t

25、he word“infinity ”D. what the word “infinity ” mean21. His suggestion to see the art exhibition interested every oneof us.A. that we go B. which we should goC. that we would go D. when we should go22. I ll certainly tell the Emperor pleased I am with it.A. how B. whatC. who D. whom23. I wonder he as

26、ked such a silly question in public.A. how B. whatC. that D. why24. do you think will teach us maths next term?A. Whom B. WhoC. What D. That25. I will give this dictionary to wants to have it.A. whomever B. whoeverC. whom D. whatever26. Do you think is right difficulties you may have.A. what/however

27、 B. that/whatC. whatever/whoever D. what/whatever27. Are you sure ?A. whether she is honest B. that she is honestyC. she is honest D. is she honest28. He was interested in he had seen at the exhibition.A. which B. thatC. all what D. all that29. He often thinks of he can do more for the four moderniz

28、ations.A. what B. howC. that D. which30. Take much you want and you want to.A. however/when B. whenever/howC. however/whoever D. however/whenever三、练习与检测答案15 CBCDC 610 BCACB 1115 BDADA 16 20 ABCDB 2125 AADBB 26 30 DCDBD、用适当的连词填空：1. I cant decide dictionary I should buy.2. Thats he refused my invitati

29、on.3. I am very interested in he has improved his pronunciation insuch a short time.4. we need is more time.5. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting surprisedeverybody.6. and they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me you are waiting for.8. Is that you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me the nearest post office is?10. I dont know he will agree to the plan or not.定语从句 练习改错1 This is the factory where we visited last week.2 This is the watch for which Tom is looking.3 The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two4. The house in t