MPA自学英语翻译课件

1、考研英语（二）之英译汉考研英语（二）之英译汉一、考试大纲要求一、考试大纲要求第三部分：英译汉第三部分：英译汉 考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。 要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或及格英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。考生在答题卡2上作答。共15分。二、翻译步骤二、翻译步骤阅读理解阶段表达阶段校译阶段三、常用翻译技巧三、常用翻译技巧1词类转译法词类转译法1）名词、介词转译成动词：）名词、介词转译成动词：The sight of the big tree always brings my childhood back to my mind.一看到那

2、棵大树，我就会想到童年的情景。一看到那棵大树，我就会想到童年的情景。 He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 他能吃能睡。他能吃能睡。 I left town for a business trip.我很高兴地离城去出差了。我很高兴地离城去出差了。The doctors extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very quick recovery.医生迅速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。医生迅

3、速到达，并非常仔细地检查了病人，因此病人很快就康复了。长句练习：With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven and a half times around the earth per second.只要点一点鼠标，来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。 2）动词、形容词转译成名词：）动词、形容词转译成名词：The

4、camel is characterized by an ability to go for days without water.骆驼的特点是能够几天不喝水。骆驼的特点是能够几天不喝水。 The university aims at the first rate of the world.学校的目标是成为世界一流。学校的目标是成为世界一流。 The rich have traditionally passed their wealth on to their children.传统上来说，富人们都把财富传给了自己的孩子传统上来说，富人们都把财富传给了自己的孩子 长句练习：长句练习：The n

5、et and electronic commerce will foster a large number of free professions, and this will affect social structure in a big way.网络和电子商务将会造就一大批自由职业网络和电子商务将会造就一大批自由职业者，从而将对社会结构产生深远的影响。者，从而将对社会结构产生深远的影响。3) 名词转译成形容词：David was pleased with the warmth of the welcome. 大卫对热烈的欢迎感到很高兴。 The conference was quite

6、a success. 这次会议很成功。 Most teenagers feel no difficulty in learning and operating computers.绝大部分青少年在学习和操作电脑方面并不觉得困难。长句练习：The instrument has been welcomed by users because of its stability in serviceability, reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.该仪器性能稳定，操作可靠，维护方便，因而受到用户的欢迎。2. 增词法增词法2.

7、增词法增词法Theory is something, but practice is everything.理论固然重要，但实践尤其重要。 He was a patriotic, adventurous writer.他是一个具有爱国热情和探险精神的作家。 长句练习：The cities utilize these funds for education, police and fire departments, public works and municipal buildings.这座城市使用这些基金来改善教育、治安消防、公共设施和市政建筑。3. 省略法省略法3. 省略法省略法We li

8、ve and learn.活到老，学到老。 He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.他将双手放进衣袋，然后耸了耸肩。 If winter comes, can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？4. 正反译法正反译法4正反译法正反译法We should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent.我们不应该再把海洋当成人类生活污水和工业污水的垃圾场了。 The first bombs

9、missed the target.第一批炸弹没有击中目标 Dont make your conclusion before the end of the year.到年底再下结论吧。The work has yet to be done. 工作还没做呢。It has been nine or ten years since I met him.我有九到十年没见着他了。Nothing is impossible.一切皆有可能。5. 前置法前置法5前置法前置法英语中有些定语、同位语、插入语等，译成汉语时，将其前置更符合中文表达习惯。例：The man standing under the tre

10、e is a thief.站在树下的那个男人是个小偷。 The student who answered the question was John.回答问题的学生是John。 The slogan was the idea of James Carville, Clintons chief strategist.这条标语是克林顿的首席战略家詹姆斯.卡维也纳尔的主意 Daydreaming, science has discovered, is an effective relaxation technique.科学已经发现，白日梦幻是一种有效的松弛办法。 长句练习：The world Ban

11、k is one of the major channels through which development aid is passed from the industrial West to developing nations of the world.世界银行是发展援助资金从西方工业国流向发展中国家的主要渠道之一。 6. 断开法He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for.他坚持要买一栋房子，尽管他并无此需要。 Men become desperate for work, any work, which wi

12、ll help them to keep alive their families. 男人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能维持一家人的生活就行。 长句练习：We can say that the primary function of a bank today is to act as an intermediary between depositors who wish to make interest on their savings, and borrowers who wish to obtain capital.我们可以说，目前银行的基本功能是充当存款人和借款人之间的中介

13、，存款人想存款以获得利息，而借款人想获得资金。 7. 被动变主动被动变主动有些英语被动态，翻译时转换成主动态更符合中文表达，如：English is spoken all over the world.全世界都说英语。 A dialect is known by every linguist in this room.有一种方言是在座的每一位语言学家都懂得的 It must be admitted that only when we get a taste of its abuse will we feel the full meaning of cloning.必须承认，只有当我们尝到克隆被

14、滥用的恶果之后，我们才会彻底明白其意义。 Our plans have been completely wrecked by bad weather.恶劣的天气使我们的计划完全落空。 长句练习：New sources of energy must be found, and this will take time, but is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the past time.我们必

15、须花时间去开发新的能源，但这并不意味着去再生那些我们过去所拥有的廉价而大量的能源。 8. 否定转移否定转移是指，英语中有的否定句中的否定转移是指，英语中有的否定句中的not在形式上是在形式上是否定谓语的行为或状态，否定谓语的行为或状态， 但实际上是否定句子的其他但实际上是否定句子的其他成分。成分。The engine didnt stop because the fuel was finished.引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转的。 People are not poor because they have large families. Quite the contrary, they h

16、ave large families because they are poor.人们并不是因为孩子多而贫穷，恰恰相反，是因为他们贫穷才多要孩子。 英译汉重难点练习英译汉重难点练习1. 部分英语从句部分英语从句1) 定语从句定语从句Mr. Brown, who had just came from abroad, was made the dean of the department.刚从国外回来的布朗先生被任命为系主任。There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors

17、that will disable them when they offend. 届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目，还会出现装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。I know the reason why he quit the job so quickly. 我知道他为什么这么快辞职。There are those who think the tests are simply unnecessary.有些人认为这些试验根本没有必要。In fact, I have known several friends who got married without

18、 even telling their parents or other family members. 实际上，我就认识几位朋友结了婚也没有告诉父母和其他家人。 A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.明天新老师就会过来，他将教大家德语。2) 名词性从句名词性从句It doesnt make much difference whether you attend the meeting or not.你参不参加会议没多大关系。 It is up to you whether you will withdraw your

19、 money from the bank.要不要把钱从银行提出来由你决定。 It is rumored (谣传) that the meeting will be held in June.据传，会议将在六月举行。 It was not a question now how much money I should have left over for the rest of the month, but whether I had enough money to pay the bill.现在问题不是我本该剩多少钱过这个月剩下的日子的生活，而是我是否有足够的钱支付账单。lI made it c

20、lear to them that they must finish the task before 10 oclock in the morning. l我向他们讲清楚了的，一定要在上午10的之前完成任务。lI regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.l被选来参加会议我感到很荣幸。lThat was how a small nation won the victory over a big power. l就这样，一个小国战胜了一个大国。lHe expressed the hope that he would

21、come over to visit China again.l他表示希望再次来中国访问。2. 被动语态被动语态lHe was beaten badly by others.l他遭遭了一顿痛打。/他被被人痛打了一顿。lThey were given a hearty welcome.l他们受受到了热烈欢迎。lTheir foreign policy is condemned (谴责) by the people in almost all countries.l他们的外交政策遭到遭到了几乎所有国家人民的谴责。lMost letters from his wife are read to him

22、 by the nurse in the hospital. l他妻子给他的信大多是由医院里的护士读给他听的。lEffective measures must be immediately taken to eliminate sandy storms. 必须立即采取有效措施消除沙尘暴。lA burglar (窃贼) was seen breaking into the house.l有人看见一个贼闯进了那栋房子。lMr. Billings cannot be stopped from carrying out his plan.l没人能阻止比灵斯先生实施他的计划。lThe village i

23、s populated by about 1,300 households.l这个村子住着1300户人家。3. 插入语插入语lFolk music, old and modern, was popular among college students. l既古老又现代的民歌音乐，在大学生中颇为流行。lThe difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job.l比如，这二者的区别与体力劳动、脑力劳动之间的区别并不是一致的。 4. 同位语同位语lHer s

24、on, my employers nephew, was himself an assistant in the shop.l她儿子，也就是我老板的侄子，本身也是一名店员。lBut in three hours we reached our destination, Vladimir Prison. l但三小时后我们到达了我们的目的地-弗拉基米尔监狱。lTo win the presidency, a candidate must receive at least 270 votes, an electoral majority.l要赢得总统席位，候选人必须至少获得二百七十票，即选票的大多数。

25、lThe main breadwinner in her family, she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.l她家主要靠她挣钱维持生计，她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份微薄的工资。四、短文练习四、短文练习Passage 3词汇提示：词汇提示： generation gap 代沟 teenager 青少年 rarely 很少地，罕见地 turn to sb. for help/ advice 向寻求帮助/意见 up to the job 起作用；帮忙 emotion 情感；情绪 survey n./v

26、. 调查 focus on 关注 drug 毒品；药 reveal 揭示，透露 trouble v. 使麻烦 please v. 使高兴；请 conclusion 结论；总结 pass on to 传递给，递交给 government 政府 department 部门 take part 参加1. The generation gap is so great in Hong Kong that the teenagers there rarely turn to their parents or teachers for advice on anything. 在香港，代沟的问题很严重，十几岁

27、的孩子很少向父母或老师征询意见。2. Whether it be sex, AIDS, school worries or family problems, adults are not considered up to the job. 不管是性、艾滋病、学校中遇到的麻烦，还是家庭问题，他们都认为大人们是帮不上任何忙的。3. Until now, no one has asked Hong Kong youth, “What do you think?” 迄今为止，没人问过香港的年轻人：“你在想什么？”4. Some understanding of the emotions of Hong

28、 Kongs youth, however, has come from the work of Dr. Jeffrey Dayat the University of Hong Kong. 然而，香港大学的杰弗里戴博士所做的研究使我们对香港年轻人的情感有了一些了解。 5. His survey of young people does not focus, for example, on how many drugs they take-but tries to answer the question why. 他对年轻人的调查，重点不是问他们服用多少种毒品之类的问题，而是试图找到其中缘由。

29、6. Dr. Day hopes the results, which he plans to explain in full next week, will reveal what troublesas well as pleasestodays high-school students. 戴博士计划在下周全面解释研究的结果。他希望研究能揭示当今高中学生的喜和忧。7. Conclusions will be passed on not only to government departments but back to the schools which took part. 研究结论不仅将

30、送呈政府部门，也将通报参加这项调查的学校。篇章练习篇章练习 Passage 2词汇提示： injure 伤害 accident 意外；事故 Vietnam 越南 motor-vehicle 机动车辆 cause n. 原因；v. 引起，造成 fall v. 落下；跌倒 n.坠落，跌倒，下降；秋天；瀑布 poison n./v.毒药；中毒 worldwide 全世界的 on a basis 在基础 involve v. 包含；牵涉 primary 主要的；初级的；基本的 follow v. 跟随，接着 effort n. 努力 lessen v. 减少 eliminate v. 消除 hazar

31、dous 危险的 measure 措施 concern 关心，担心；涉及 takeseriously 认真对待 come to realize 开始认识到 expert 专家 predict 预测 take steps to 采取措施做 prevent 防止，预防，阻止 simply 仅仅；简单地 happen 碰巧；发生 ignorance 无知，愚昧 neglect 疏忽，忽视 lack of 缺乏lEach year in the United States more people are killed or injured in accidentsat home, at work or school, at play, or while traveling -than were killed or injured in the Vietnam war.l 在美国，每年在家庭、工作、学校、玩乐或旅行中发生的意外事故中受伤或死亡的人数比越战中的伤亡人数都多。 2. In the early 1990s, about half of these accide