高考英语六选四解题技巧讲解

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语六选四解题技巧讲解一、六选四考察要求概述选句填空"（俗称"六选四"）是高考英语试卷中启用的题型。根据题目要求，学生需从所给的六个选项中选取四个填入文中的空格处，使文章从内容、语言、结构上都符合逻辑。考生在备考这一部分时,需意识到以下几点：1.虽然每一小题都要求选择正确的句子填入文中，但在文中不同的地方挖空，考査的能力要求也会有所不同。如果空格处需填入主题句，考査的是对文本或段落的概括能力，如果空格处需填入能使上下文叙述连贯的细节，考査的则是对文章基本内容的理解能力。因此，针对不同的空格，考生需要调整自己的思维方式，选择合适的策略；

2、2.虽然本部分属于阅读理解这一大题，同样也考查考生的阅读理解能力，但是要注意这一题型与阅读选择题的差异。选择题通过题干告诉考生考点在哪里，考査目标是什么，考生就可以据此选择合适的策略来答题，而"选句填空"则要求考生在理解文章内容和行文逻辑的基础上，自行判断空格处需填入句子的功能，再进一步选择合适的策略来答题。基于以上分析，建议考生在完成"选句填空"这一部分时，可以采用以下步骤：1.通读全文，对文章内容有整体理解，包括文章的主题、写作的目的、毎一段的大意等; 2.阅读空格所在段落，尤其是空格前后句，判断空格处需填入句子的功能，并根据据后句的内容基本确定需填

3、入句子的内容；3.阅读所给的六个句子，从中选择符合文章内容及行文逻辑的句子；4.通读填入句子后的文章，再次确认文章内容、语言、结构上是否符合逻辑。二、英语文章主题句常出现的位置（一）段落主题句 文章是由段落构成的。段落是由围绕一个中心思想的一个或几个有逻辑关系的句子组成的。就结构 和内容而言，段落是相对完整的，篇章是通过各个段落的中心思想来表现其主题的。一般来讲，一个段落只有一个中心思想，即一个主题。段落中的其他句子都是用来说明、支持和扩展这一主题的。反映整个段 落中心思想的句子叫主题句（Topic Sentence) 。主题句是全段的核心，统帅全段，并且决定着全段的发展 方向。它只提示在本段

4、中要阐述的观点，而不是整篇文章中要说明的问题。 在语言结构上，主题句往往包括一个中心主题和一个需要在段落中加以发展的核心部分。中心主题 指出本段讲的是什么人或什么事物，核心部分则指出本段侧重该人物或该物的某个或某些方面。Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit.这句的中心主题是praise(赞扬），其段落将围绕着”对人的精神来说.praise (赞扬）就像阳光一样"这个思路发展。离开了这个思想，就将意味着偏离主题。一个好的主题句，要立论严谨、清晰明了、合乎逻辑；要全局在胸，内容具体，简明扼要。主题句所限定或概括的内容不外乎有两点：一是有助

5、于读者更好的理解下文。多数段落都是以主题句打头，开门见山，点明主题，然后再展开具体细节。二是总结全段内容，以便给读者更深刻的印象，供托效果，达到高潮。 （二）主题句的位置 根据表达需要,英语主题句的位置是灵活多变的。一般来讲，主题句可以位于段首、段中、段尾及段前段尾。 1、段首主题句。在大多数情况下，主题句位于段首，开门见山，点明主题，其它各句都紧紧围绕着主 题句遂步展开。 Even when taking our leave it seems we English are vicitims of some strange deficiencies in our valedictory voc

6、abulary. The standard term 'Goodbye' is both too formal and too final. It may be just the job for usher" ing someone out of your life altogether ; but most leave-takings-for better or worse-are temporary affairs. perhaps in an attempt to escape implications of finality, many people now

7、say (Bye bye' instead; others try to make this particularly nauseating bit of baby-talk more acceptable by shortening it to "Bye". 2、段中主题句。主题句位于段落中间，这种情况相对较少。 Shortly after the war ended, Lincoln was shot while attending a play in a Washington theater. He died within a few hours. The u

8、ncontrolled emotional reaction of the nation to his death was almost unbelievable and demonstrated the deep esteem in which he was held. Newspapers were edged with black; religious leaders gave praise of Lincoln instead of their prepared sermons. His funeral procession in Washington was miles long L

9、incoin's body was taken by train back to his former home in spring field, Illinois, but in all the major cities through which the train passed , the coffin was paraded through streets lined with sorrowful thousands. In the small towns through which the train passed , bells rang in honor of the d

10、ead President. Citizens lit torches a- long the railroad track to show their last respects. 3、段尾主题句。主题句放在段落末尾，目的是总结、概括前面展开阐述的问题，以加深印象，供托效果。 When we watch a person walk away from us, his image shrinks in size. But since we know that he is not shrinking, we make an unconscious correcting and see him a

11、s retaining his true stature. Past experience tells us what his true stature is with reject to our own. Any sane and dependable expectation of the future re- quires that he has the same stature when we next encounter him. Our perception is thus a prediction; it embrace the past and the future as wel

12、l as the present.4、段首段尾主题句。主题句在段首和段尾同时出现。目的是强调这一主题，用以引起读者的注意，加深印象。 Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks ;Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say Hi when they meet; Japanese bow.

13、 Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface , it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one person's behavior toward another person

14、. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It is only way of behaving politely that differs from country to country. 5、有时，整个段落并没有代表段落中心思想的主题句，段落主题包含在句子的字里行间这就需要读者 在认真仔细阅读的基础上进行归纳和总结。例如： In 1999 you will sleep later because your job will start

15、later in the morning. Too, machines will do most of your routine work for you. Also, you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk. Furthermore, you will talk to friends on a picture-phone. Finally, you will take longer vacations in more distant places since transportion will be so much faster and ch

16、eaper. 通过阅读，我们发现整个段落的每一句，围绕主题从不同方面说明1999年人们的日常生活工作将与今天有所不同。所以本段的主题句可以归纳为: Life in 1999 will be different from what it is today. 综上所述，英语段落主题句的位置，常见的有以上四种。其中，段首、段尾主题句尤为常见。主题句无 论在什么位置，它都是该段落的核心部分,反映该段的中心思想。其余各句必须紧扣主题，围绕着这一中心思想来展开。三、例题讲解（一）记叙文AA. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wifes t

17、rip to New York for consultation with a specialist.B. Give your help to those in greater need.C. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on.D. Effie worked diligently all her life.E. “Pay me whenever you like,” said Effie, climbing back into her truck.F

18、. “Dont give it to me all at once,” she said.“Any apples today?” Effie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo. On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then. (1) _All pretense (借口) of payment was dropped when our funds, food and fu

19、el decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities. (2) _Effie was not a rich woman. Her income, derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $ 200 a month

20、, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer. Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. “Here, darling,” I said, “is what I owe you.” (3) _ “Give it

21、back as I gave it to you-a little at a time.” I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curio

22、us thing began to happen.Whenever I saw a fellow human in financial trouble, I was moved to help him. I cant afford to do this always, but in the ten years since Effies death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her.(4) _ At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled. So the accoun

23、t can never be marked closed, for Effies love will go on in hearts that have never known her.B.A. Long car journeys are even less pleasantB. During the day, sleep comes in snatchesC. But nothing can match them for speed and comfortD. You will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpledE. You wil

24、l be utterly exhausted before you are halfway through your journeyF. Also, you are invariably faced with numerous options different airlines offer for similar flights.People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can po

25、sitively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy, with the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails which soon lures you to sleep. _1_. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so, ending up almost

26、exhausted when reaching the destination." _2_, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but with much time spent on roads, few service stations available and too much traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer numero

27、us civilized comforts. You can relax on decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food particularly when the sea is calm. If it is not, you are likely to get seasick. Whatever the case, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for th

28、e pleasure of travelling by sea.Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even well-experienced travelers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport._3_. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet far above the clouds, and at over 500 mile

29、s an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off your journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne, yet without missing an unusual and breathtaking view of the world .You soar effor

30、tlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in the clear sky. The journey is so smo

31、oth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: “_4_.” You will never have to spend the next the few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.六选四做题技巧指导1. 利用词汇复现或同义词解题重复词汇是指关键词以同一形式或不同的词性在文章中反复出现，达到紧扣主题的目的。找到含有与关键词

32、相同或最接近的单词的选项，然后再来验证句意内容是否通顺。从而达到快而准的效果。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。例1：People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. _67_A. Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being c

33、ivilized.B. Most people believe those who have conquered the most nations are the greatest. C. However, every year conflicts between countries and nations still claim thousands of lives. D. And not only has it won, but also because it has won, it has been in the right. E. So there has been little ti

34、me to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better. F. People dont fight and kill each other in the streets, but nations still behave like savages.例2：You can show your child how to make choice between different brands of a product so that you can save money. _5_ If he chooses

35、the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved.A. Wise decisions. B. The value ofmoney. C. Permit the child to choose between them. D. Tell your child why he canor cannothave certain things. E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to YOU F. Talk abo

36、ut how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows.例3：Nonetheless, doctors and nurses are finding that paying attention to what might be seen as superficial concerns hair and makeup has a positive effect on patients

37、, with beauty regimes being bright spots in what can be a dreary journey through radiation and other therapies. _2_A. Feeling good about oneself played a very big role in a patients recovery.B. Hospitals are forming partnerships with local salons to serve their patients.C. Three more centers are sch

38、eduled to open in the United States by the end of this year.D. Because of these perceived benefits, programs focused on cosmetic solutions are spreading.E. The nationwide program has volunteer hairstylists, cosmetologists, wigmakers, etc., who make periodic appearances.In this small, out-of-the-way

39、room, cosmetologists specialize in assisting cancer patients who lose their hair, experience changes to their skin or have breasts surgically removed.2. 利用逻辑词解题逻辑词的运用在说明文和议论文中是十分常见，无论是在完形填空还是六选四中都可以加以利用。利用前一句话或后一句话中的逻辑词来判断所需要填入的句子内容与前后句内容的关系，从而在选项中找到符合此关系的内容，使得文章逻辑合理，内容流畅。表并列：and; also; first, secon

40、d, third; firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another thing; to begin with, to conclude; eitheror; neithernor; not onlybut also表递进：further, furthermore; moreover; what s more; in addition表因果：so; therefore; thus; hence; accordingl

41、y; consequently; as a result表转折与让步：however; nevertheless; though; yet; in spite of; despite; on the contrary; otherwise; while; rather than; even if/though; fortunately例1：Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow- worker and accomplice. _2_But if you open your mind as widely as

42、 possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible （细微的） fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. C. How can we get the deepest and widest pleasure from what we read?F. If you hang back, and reserve and critici

43、ze at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.例2：A generation ago in the US, if you heard a friend talking about having a gig, chances were that your friend was a musician. _67_ Self-employment, contract or freelance work, temporary jobs- just ab

44、out anything that isn't full-time- can be described as a gig.B. These temporary workers cannot be categorized into gig workers. C. But the phrase has now evolved to describe different methods of short-term work. D. Most of the gig workers treasure the golden opportunity and regard it as a lifeti

45、me job. 3. 利用细节句与主题句的区别解题这一技巧需要与空所在位置结合起来分析。主题句通常在段首，总结句通常在段尾，相当于再次点题。这两个位置多是需要概括性强的语句主题句。而在段中通常是补充说明内容和议论过程，通常是需要含有内容的语句细节句。先判断空的位置，然后在选项中筛选细节句与主题句。例1：Self Expression_5_There are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic, acting, drawing building, photography. You may find that your child is att

46、racted by one more than another C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.例2：Self-esteem is the measurement or the value of how a person knows his worth and its effects are life-changing and dramatic,

47、since it makes up a persons attitude and outlook towards life. _67_ But when self-esteem is low, you can either sulk and be sad or be afraid to try out new things or take risks and chances with your love-life, career, relationships and self-improvement.A. Simply put, self-esteem is the fuel that mak

48、es you feel important or loved by others.E. When your self-esteem is high, you are less likely to be affected by these situations.例3：Until now, predicting exactly what makes a bestseller was somewhat of a mystery, yet researchers from New York claim to have created an algorithm (算法) to do just that.

49、 By analyzing the words used in classic books, the algorithm was able to correctly predict which books were bestsellers, and which were less successful, in 84 percent of cases. _67_E. Overall, they found that successful books contained a high number of nouns and adjectives and plenty of quotes.F. Th

50、e most popular books also featured more verbs relating to “thought-processing” such as “recognized” and “remembered”.4. 利用代词指代关系解题 英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。当一个句子中出现这样的代词就意味着在其上下问中需要把这层指代关系交代清楚，因此我们可以通过语境中内容（或代词）和选项中代词（或内容）的呼应关系来解题。例子（1）：It doesnt matter which productivity bi

51、rd represents your work style. (70)_ It depends on your environment and energy levels. Do you have the drive to get up early or stay up late? While others are dreaming, make your dreams real.B. Many believe being night owls is better.E. They both can work.例子（2）You have the same amount of time each d

52、ay as everyone else. If you want to reach your goals and dreams you have to be willing to pay the price. (67)_Sometimes it is your time. Sometimes it is money. And sometimes it is sleep. One of the best times to get ahead and be”in the zone”is when everyone else is sleeping. Get up early. Or stay up

53、 late. Those are your choices.C. Not watching mindless TV or endlessly surfing the Net.D. That sacrifice often involves giving up something.例子（3）For a while, the gig trend was seen as a temporary response to the Great Recession. Victims of downsizing took on as-needed jobs or tried to make a go of e

54、ntrepreneurship because that's all that was available.(69)_.However, this did not happen on the scale they hoped. This shift means that driving for ride-sharing services like Uber or Lyft has become one of the most common new jobs in the US. Surveys find that many gig economy workers are happy w

55、ith their new roles with the hourly pay may be better than what they earned as permanent employees. They may enjoy work-hour flexibility thats perfect for their family or education needs. And they may even find they good at being their own boss.D.They hoped that “permanent” hiring would return as th

56、e overall economy recovered.B. These temporary workers cannot be categorized into gig workers.5. 利用句子中心实词解题句子中心实词是指在一个句子表达中需要占据句子主干或者中心意思的一类实词。和代词一样，当一个句子中出现了表达某一特点概念的中心实词时，该句上下文就应该围绕这样的中心来展开，也就是说正确选项中不能呈现上下文没有交代的一个中心实词，因此我们可以利用这一现象来帮助我们找到正常选项或者排除错误选项。例子（1）(68)_ Ask yourself what problem the audienc

57、e wants to solve, and talk about that problem first. “Then and only then, talk about what you are good at as the solution to that problem,” says Morgan. “Audiences start off by asking why. Why am I here? Why should I care? If you answer those questions early, then theyll ask how. Your job is to answ

58、er the why question first and then address the how.”A. Be relevant to your audienceC. Focus on one theme, and eliminate everything else.例子（2）It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. _68_. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settl