职称英语复习资料卫生类概括大意

1、职称英语复习资料：卫生类概括大意Successful Language LearnersSome people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes langu

2、age learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the

3、 teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn

4、 from mistakes.Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything

5、 to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to

6、 know the meaning of every word.Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to

7、learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your langua

8、ge learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above. 1. Paragraph 1_2. Paragraph 2_3. Paragraph 3_4. Paragraph 4_A. Ways to Learn a Language SuccessfullyB. Learning a language PurposefullyC. Learning a Language ActivelyD. Learning a Language Indepen

9、dentlyE. Learning from MistakesF. Learning to Think in the Target Language5. Successful language learners derive conclusions_6. Independent Language learners rely on themselves_7. Active language learners seize every opportunity_8. The author wrote this text_A. to discover sentence patterns and gram

10、matical rulesB. to expand vocabularyC. to use the target languageD. to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently, actively and purposefullyE. from cluesF. to say strange thingsKEY:ADCBEACDCar CrimeA million motorists leave their cars filled up with petrol and with the keys in t

11、he ignition every day. The cars are sitting in petrol stations while drivers pay for their fuel. The Automobile Association(A.A) has discovered that cars are left unattended for an average three minutes and sometimes longer as drivers buy drinks , sweets, cigarettes and other consumer items .With pa

12、yment of credit cards becoming more and more common, it is not unusual for a driver to be out of his car for as long as six minutes, providing the car theft with a golden opportunity.For more than ten years there has been a big rise in car crime than in most other types of crime. An average of more

13、than two cars a minute are broken into or stolen in the UK. Car crime accounts for almost a third of all reported offenses with no signs that the trend is slowing down.Although there are highly professional criminal involved in car theft, almost 90 percent of car theft is committed by the opportunis

14、ts. Amateur thieves are aided by our own carelessness. The A.A. recommends locking up whenever you leave the car and for however short a period. A partially open sunroof or window is a further come-on to thieves.There are many other traps to avoid .The A.A. has fond little awareness among drivers ab

15、out safe parking. Most motorists questioned made no efforts to avoid parking in quiet spots -just the places thieves love. The A.A. advises drives to park in places with people around -thieves dont like audiences.练习1. Paragraph 2 _.2. Paragraph 3 _.3. Paragraph 4 _.A) Safe parkingB) Increase in car

16、theftC) Opportunities for non-professionalsD) Anti-theft organizations4. Most car thefts should be blamed on_.5. In the past decade there has been a big _.6. Most of the car thefts are found to be committed by_.7. A piece of advice for drivers is that they should _.A) the carelessness of the drivers

17、B) increase in the number of cars stolenC) non-professional thievesD) lack of parking spaceE) lark their cars in safe placeKeys : B C A A B C EScience FictionAmongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published

18、 every year and are read by all kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories.It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of y

19、ears ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories.Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H.G. Wells,

20、 to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages.Modern science fiction writers dont write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining futu

21、re worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones.In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently cle

22、ar-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology. 1. Paragraph 1_2. Paragraph 2_3. Paragraph 3_4. Paragraph 4_A. Popularity of Science FictionB. A Fairly New Dev

23、elopmentC. Classics of Science FictionD. Difficulty in Keeping ahead of Scientific AdventureE. Its OriginF. Themes of Modern Science Fiction5. Some form of ideal society is _6.Books written by J. Verne are_7.People enjoy_8.Works of modern science fiction have_A) a recurrent themeB) concerned with th

24、e problems that we have to solve in the futureC) reading books of science fictionD) political implicationsE) a current themeF) read worldwideKEY:AECFAFCDAlaskaIn 1858 Americans welcomed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state, symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867, when the peninsula wa

25、s purchased from Russia. Then, most Americans had little interest in 1,500,000 square kilometers of icebergs and polar bear-beyond Canadas western borders, far from the settled areas of the United States.In those sections of the state which lie above the Arctic Circle, Alaska still is a land of iceb

26、ergs and polar bear. Ice buried in the earth, which is permanently frozen to a depth of 90 or more meters, From early May until early August, the midnight sun never sets on this flat, treeless region, but the sun cannot melt the icy soil more than two-thirds of a meter down.Alaska is Americas larges

27、t state, but only about 325,000 people live there. According to estimates, 800,000 hectares of its land area are fit for plowing but only about 640,000 hectares are being cultivated.Arctic Alaska has been the home of Eskimos for countless centuries. It is believed that the Eskimos moved there from M

28、ongolia or Siberia, probably crossing Bering Strait, named for Vitus Bering, the Danish sea captain who discovered Alaska on his voyage for Russia in 1741. The Eskimos are the states earliest known inhabitants. Russian fur traders established settlements but, by the time Alaska was sold to the Unite

29、d States, most of the traders had departed.In 1896 gold was discovered near the Klondike River in Canada just across the Alaskan border. Thousand of Americans rushed to the region on their way to Klondike; some never returned. Alaska was never completely cut off again, although even today transporta

30、tion is a major problem. There are only two motor routes from the U.S mainland, and within the state, every town has its own airfield. Planes fly passengers, mail and freight to the most distant villages.The gold that changed life so suddenly for Alaska was soon ended, and although many stories abou

31、t mining camps have become part of American literature, the gold from Alaskan earth contributed less to economic progress than the fish from Alaska waters. The fish caught in a single year range in value from $80 million to $ 90 million. Fur-bearing animals are plentiful in the forests and streams,

32、and valuable fur seals inhabit the waters. After fishing, the states chief industry is lumber and the production of wood pulp. In recent years, Alaskas single most important resource has become oil. The state also has large deposits of coal, copper, gold and other minerals.1. Paragraph 3_2. Paragrap

33、h 4_3. Paragraph 5_4. Paragraph 6_A) Rich resources of the stateB) Connections with the outside worldC) Transportation problemD) The natives of the landE) Cold climateF) Land and population5. For as long as three months of a year, the sun _ on the ice-covered land of Alaska.6. According to statistic

34、s, _ of the total area of Alaska has been used for farming.7. Alaska was originally part of Russia, but was bought _.8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth_A. as fish doesB. because of its rich natural resourcesC. by the United States in the 19th centuryD. shines day and nightE. only a very

35、small percentageF. a limited amount of the gold found there.KEY:FDCADECARecreation and SportsAll work and no play makes Jack a dull boy is a popular saying in the United States. Other countries have similar sayings. It is true that all of us need recreation. We cannot work all the time if we are goi

36、ng to maintain good health and enjoy life. Good physical and mental health in fact enables us to work more efficiently.Everyone has his own way of relaxing .Perhaps the most popular way is to participate in sports. There are team sports, such as baseball, basketball, and football. There are individu

37、al sports, also, such as golf and swimming. In addition, hiking, fishing, siding and mountain climbing have a great attraction for people who like to be outdoors. Chess, card-playing , and dancing are forms of indoor recreation enjoyed by many people.Not everyone who enjoys sporting events likes to

38、participate in them. Many people prefer to be spectators, either by attending the games in person, watching them on television, or listening to them on the radio. When there is an important baseball game or boxing match, it is almost impossible to get tickets; everyone wants to attend.It doesnt matt

39、er whether we play a fast game of ping-pong, concentrate over the bridge table, or go walking through the woods on a brisk autumn afternoon. It is important for everyone to relax from time to time and enjoy some form of recreation.练习:1. Paragraph 2_.2. Paragraph3_.3. Paragraph4_.A) The important of

40、having recreationB) The recreation centersC) Type of sportsD) Fun of being spectators4. To keep fit and enjoy life , all of us must have_.5. Participating in door sports or outdoor sports is a good way_.6. Many people prefer watching games to_.7. It is generally believed that those who work all the

41、time and do not know how to relax_.A) must be very boringB) some kind of recreationC) participating in themD) to relax oneselfE) to choose ones own way of relaxingKeys: CDABDCAWork and CareersSometimes we say that someone we know is a square peg in a round hole(1). This simply means that the person

42、we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing. He may be a bookkeeper who really wants to be an actor or a mechanic who likes cooking. Unfortunately, many people in the world are square pegs; they are not doing the kind of work they should be doing, for one reason or another. As a resul

43、t they probably are not doing a very good job and certainly they are not happy.Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our lives at our jobs. For that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we can use them. We can do this through aptitude

44、test, interview with specialists, and study of books in our field of interest.There are many careers open to each of us. Perhaps we like science. Then we might prepare ourselves to be chemists, physicists, or biologists. Maybe our interests take us into the business world and such work as accounting

45、, personnel management or public relations. Many persons find their place in government service. Teaching, newspaper work, medicine, engineering-these and many other fields offer fascinating careers to persons with talent and training. 练习:1. Paragraph 1_.2. Paragraph 2_.3. Paragraph 3_.A) Job choice

46、s for the talentedB) Importance of finding the right jobC) Result of taking the wrong jobD) Variety of jobs open to all4. A person who is not doing the right job cannot expect to _.5. To find the job most suitable for yourself, you should first of all _.6. There are actually various kinds of jobs we

47、 all can _.7. There are numerous ways to find out _.A) spend more time in schoolB) what job suit you bestC) choose from D) do it well and feel comfortable in itE) find out what your talents areKeys:C B D D E C BRadio and TelevisionThere are few homes in Britain today that do not have either a radio

48、or television set. Both of them have become an essential part of our life, keeping us informed of the news of the day, instructing us in many field of interest, and entertaining us with singing, dancing and acting.Marconi, the Italian inventor who gave us the radio, probably didnt realize what effec

49、ts his great invention would have on the world in the years to come. Radio has, perhaps, had as much influence on the world as any other communications device. Events of universal interest can be reported to the entire globe a few seconds after they happen. Explorers in remote areas, ships at sea, e

50、ven astronauts circling the earth are able to keep in touch with civilization by means of radio.Television is another major instrument of communication, permitting us to see as well as to hear the performer. Since its appearance, TV has had a tremendous effect on the daily life of people everywhere.

51、Improvements of all kinds are constantly being made in television so that reception will be as close to perfect as possible. Perhaps the most recent advancement of significance has been Telstar. The specially-equipped space capsule, orbiting the globe, make it possible for the entire world to be clo

52、ser than ever before. Now a family in Manchester can watch on TV a football match in France , a ski tournament in Norway, or a parade in Japan as these events are actually happening.练习:1. Paragraph 1_.2. Paragraph 2_.3. Paragraph 4_.A) The popularity radio and TV in BritainB) The invention of the ra

53、dioC) The latest development of TVD) The importance of the radio4. In todays world radio and TV have become _.5. People make constant efforts to improve _.6. A telstar is a satellite that _.7. With the help of the telsar, events can be reported to listeners and viewers and almost _.A) at the same ti

54、me as they occurB) a basic necessity of lifeC) sends out signals all the timeD) travels around the globeE) the reception of their TV setsKeys: A D C B E D AStanford UniversityStanford University, famous as one of northern Californias several institutions of higher learning, is sometimes called the H

55、arvard of the West. The closeness of Stanford to San Francisco, a city thirty-two miles to the north, gives the university a decidedly cosmopolitan flavor.The students are enrolled mainly from the western United State. But most of the fifty states send students to Stanford, and many foreign students

56、 study here, as well. And standards for admission remain high. Young men and women are selected to enter the university from the upper fifteen percent of their high school classes.Not only because of the high caliber of its students but also because of the desirable location and climate, Stanford has attracted to i