英语翻译练习每天一练

1、1,原文：Scarcely four weeks have passed since the close of the Exhibition, some wares still stand unpacked in the deserted halls of the Hyde Park building, and already public attention has turned away from this “world-renowned event” toward other, perhaps more gripping events close at hand. None of the

2、 enthusiastic newspaper correspondents who on the opening day of the “world market” proclaimed the inauguration of a new era any longer voice their opinion on the subject. Yet the stimulation the event has left behind still ferments in the pensive minds and aspiring hearts of thousands. The far-reac

3、hing consequences of this impulse cannot be measured.距博览会结束已快有四周了，仍有一些未拆包的展品搁置在海德公园这座建筑空荡的大厅里，然而公众的注意力已经由这件“举世瞩目”的事件移至它处，移至或许是某些即将到来的更加吸引人的事件。那些热情高涨的新闻记者，他们曾在这个“世界大市场”开张那天声称这一开幕式是一个新纪元，而现在在这一问题上却都缄默无言。然而该事件刺激的余波还在继续激动着成千上万多思的大脑，鼓舞着人们的心灵。这一推动所引发的意义深远的结果是无法估量的。2,One may, if one wishes, consider the le

4、gend of the Babylonian confusion of tongues as the mythical gown of an early historical perception of international law, and the disorder it describes as the start of a more natural order.Likewise, a kind of Babel will be induced by the building of 1851, to which the people of the world brought thei

5、r products. This apparent confusion, however, is nothing more than the clear manifestation of certain anomalies within existing social conditions, whose cause and effects up to now could not be seen by the world so generally and so distinctly.文章中多次提到了“1851年”和“博览会”其实是指1851年在英国伦敦海德公园举办的第一届“世界博览会”就是极负盛

6、名的“水晶宫”世博会该届博览会上展出了来自各个国家的工业和手工业产品。但是欧洲国家由于受到工业革命的影响，所展出的工业产品在风格上采用都是一种过度装饰和繁琐的“历史折衷”风格，（有关这种风格，大家可以去看一下故宫的钟表馆：）那里有许多当时欧洲的钟表藏品，都是这种风格。）这种情况引起了当时欧洲社会许多有思想的社会学家、美学家和思想家们的思考，他们认为，工业产品已经到了一个非变革不可的时代，也就是这场由世博会引起的大讨论，直接地导致了后来的“工艺美术运动”和间接地催生了“现代工业设计”。这里给大家解释一下“巴比伦口音之乱”：这是根据圣经记载：古巴比伦人在巴比伦建造高塔，想要一直通到天上去，神看了以

7、后，就把他们的口音变乱，使得他们彼此语言不通，这样，通天塔也就没能建造成功只要有愿望，就会有可能。将巴比伦口音之乱的传说看作是一件对国际法律早期历史理解的神话外衣，口音之乱被描述为一种更自然的法则的开端。同样，另一种意义上的巴别塔将由1851年的建筑促成，在这建筑里，全世界的人们都带来了他们的产品。然而，这显而易见的混乱，只不过是现有社会条件下必然存在的不规则性的清晰呈现。这种不规则的成因及结果迄今为止还未能被世人广泛并清楚地认知。3,原文：Herein will lie the most important meaning of the undertaking. Were the world

8、 not fully occupied with its internal contradictions, exernal restraints (whatever they may be) would surely be unable to impede its development.The shackles would fall by themselves if the urge that drives the present became more generally aware of its aim.这里我将展开有关这一事件最重要意义的叙述。当世界还没有完全被它的内部矛盾占据时，外部

9、制约（无论这制约是什么）肯定无法阻止它的发展。如果人们对某种能够驱动现实的迫切愿望的目标能够有种更普遍的意识，这种桎梏将会自行脱落。4,原文：To achieve this important result should be the duty of every true believer whose profession, whatever it is, enables him to contribute from his vantage point. If he comprehends his sphere of influence and strives to give its gene

10、ral movement a direction he deems better, then truth and progress will gain. It matters not whether he is right or wrong in the particulars, for in both cases he prepares the material for revision and deeper insights and for the answer to those more general, cultural-philosophical questions that are

11、 the actual theme and that justify having set in motion such powerful and costly meansIt matters not whether he is right or wrong in the particulars(到这里是一个意群：在细节上，无论他是对是错), for in both cases he prepares the material(到这里是又一个意群：因为无论对错，他都是在准备着材料) for (这个FOR是说明这些材料的用途) revision（第一个用途） and deeper insight

12、s（第二个用途） and for the answer（第三个用途） to those more general, cultural-philosophical questions （修饰第三个用途，说这第三个用途是准备回答那些更全面的文化哲学问题所需要的答案）that are the actual theme（修饰cultural-philosophical questions，说这个文化哲学问题才是真正的主题）and that justify having set in motion such powerful and costly means.（还是修饰cultural-philosop

13、hical questions:这些文化哲学问题能够证明我们采取如此有力和代价高昂的行动是必要的。 ）达成这一重大目标应该成为每一位虔诚信徒的责任，无论他的职业是什么，使他能够从他的专长中有所贡献。如果他对他的影响能力有所知，并且在他认为是更好的方向上将这能力来一次全盘调动，那么我们的社会将变得更加真实和进步。在细节上，无论他是对的还是错的，因为无论对错，他都是在准备着材料，这些材料将用于他矫正过失、得到更深刻的洞察力，以及回答那些更全面的文化哲学问题。这些文化哲学问题才是真正的主题，而且，这些文化哲学问题能够证明我们采取如此有力和代价高昂的行动是必要的。5,原文：It is with thi

14、s view that a professional man ventures to take up one of those problems that the present offers,one that falls within the scope of his experience and upon which he was in the habit of reflecting during his frequent visits to the Exhibition.Around the time of the opening of the Industrial Exhibition

15、, I had the idea of presenting in a series of articles a comparative survey of its contents and searched for a scheme to follow. There were three possibilities.参考答案：我怀有这种观点：一个专业人士冒险面对一个现实提交给他的问题，一个在他经验范围内的问题，并且基于这种经验，在他频繁出入博览会期间，他会作一种习惯的性思考。在工业博览会开幕之际，我有一种想法，我想在一系列文章里，将博鉴会的展品作一番比较调查，而且我制定了一个可被遵循的计划。

16、这里有三种方法。It is with this view that（从句，应该不用多说了） a professional man ventures to take up one of those problems（这里是一个意群：一个专业人士冒险面对一个问题，一个什么样的问题呢？看后面） that the present offers（修饰problems，是现实提交给他的问题）,one that falls within the scope of his experience（还是修饰problems，一个在他经验范围内的问题） and upon which（这后面的从句是修饰experie

17、nce） he was in the habit of reflecting during his frequent visits to the Exhibition.（基于这种经验，在他频繁出入博览会期间，他会作一种习惯的性思考）Around the time of the opening of the Industrial Exhibition（这不用多说了：在工业博览会开幕之际）, I had the idea（说他有了个想法，是什么想法呢？请看OF后面） of presenting in a series of articles（在一系列文章里表现，表现些什么呢？再看后面） a com

18、parative survey of its（这个its指代Exhibition） contents（是说的“展览内容”，也就是“展品”吧，到这里，这“想法”总算解释完了） and searched for a scheme to follow（这个searched for是和had the idea并列的层次，是说他制定了一个可被遵循的计划）. There were three possibilities.1、jipinzhiyin同学提出的：“It is with this view that a professional man ventures to take up one of th

19、ose problems 是个强调句式。真正的语序是A professional man ventures to take up one of those problems withthis view.强调正是由于持这种观点，他才试图解决那问题”。答：确实如此！是说那个专业人士用“这种观点”来面对问题。2、有关那个“upon which”倒底是修饰哪一个问题的问题。答：如果按照原句的结构，是修饰“problems”的，因为“upon which”与“one that falls within the scope of his experience”中间的连接词是“AND”所以应该是一种并列的关

20、系。但是这样的话，意思又不通顺。按照意思来看，应该是修饰“experience”的，但是如果是这样，那么连接词就不应该用“AND”，而应该用个标点“，”6,原文：The first and simplest was to wander through the whole building from end to end and describe the products of the various nations one after the other. This plan smacked too much of a guidebook.The second possibility was

21、implied by the appointment of the so-called Head Juries: namely, a classification of objects made by the Royal Commission, by which things were first arranged spatially, then assigned to the departments of the juries. This plan was wisely conceived and is of interest to future undertakings of this k

22、ind. Everything was divided into four main divisions:1. Raw materials,2. Machinery,3. Manufactures,4. Fine art.参考答案:第一种也是最简单的一种，就是在展览大厅里面从头到尾地浏览，并且一个接一个地描述来自各个不同国家的产品。这种方式太象是导游手册了。第二种方法是指，按照指定的所谓“主要评审小组原则”（来介绍展品）：即，一种皇家委员会指定的展品分类法，首先依据空间来划分展品，然后再按照评审委员会所在部门进行分类。这种方式被认为是较明智的，并且也有利于将来对类似事件的处理。所有物品被划分为

23、四类：(1)、 生材料(2)、 机械(3)、 产品(4)、 艺术品词汇知识a、smack of：是一个词组，意思是：带有.味道；有点象在我们今天的文章里，可能理解为“有点象”比较贴切一点b、Juries：“jury”的复数形式，n.律 陪审团, 评判委员会, 陪审员在我们今天的文章里，应该是“评审委员会”的意思那么，那个“Head Juries”，我就翻译成“主要评审小组”c、spatially，按照字面上的意思，应该是：空间地, 存在于空间地昨天在和朋友讨论时，也有同学引伸为“大范围地”, 我觉得也有一定道理，这里也欢迎大家一起来讨论这个词汇在翻译时的用词d、Fine art，这是一个专业术

24、语，是指“高级艺术”，这里有个相关背景，就是在过去的欧洲，人们按习惯于将绘画、建筑等归为“高级艺术”，而将其它诸于陶艺等的应用美术作为“低等艺术”，这是一种传统形式下对艺术品种类的划分7,原文：However, I also abandoned this plan, because it seemed to me at the time to turn the natural order of things upside down. Strictly considered, it was based as much on external appearances and material fa

25、ctors as the first. Indeed, in an industrial exhibition the products of the applied arts, because they come from the need for nourishment, shelter, protection, the measurement of space and time, and so forth, should serve as the first and most essential items of consideration. Each category must con

26、sist of subdivisions, following the particularities of objects, the materials, and the means used in their fabrication. As a further supplement, a place must be found as well for the raw materials, tools, machines in short, for all the factors of production.参考答案：然而，我还是放弃了这一方式，因为对我来说，这似乎恰恰将事物的自然顺序上下巅

27、倒了。这种分类法是经谨慎考虑的，它尽可能首先考虑展品的外观及材质因素。事实上，由于实用艺术产品来自于对食物、居所、安全以及测量时间和空间的需求，因此，在工业博览会里，他们应该被作为第一服务对象并作为最基本的项目来考虑。根据展品的特性、材质，以及制作工艺，每一大类都必需进行细分。作为进一步补充，还应该留出放置原材料，工具，机器总而言之，放置所有生产要素的地方。(1)、However, I also abandoned this plan, because it seemed to me at the time to turn the natural order of things upside

28、down. 主要结构：turn * upside down，upside down adv. 颠倒, 混乱(2)、Indeed, in an industrial exhibition （the products of the applied arts）（全句的主语）, because they come from the need for nourishment, shelter, protection, the measurement of space and time（一直到这里，都是在说明原因）, and so forth（这后面开始说基于那些原因，应该怎么做了）, （直到这里，主语还

29、是the products of the applied arts）should serve as the first and most essential items of consideration.8,原文：Thus I reflected and these views seem to have been confirmed by the inconsistencies of the Head Juries. For instance, all glassware items(drinking glasses, mirrors, chandeliers, vases, glass we

30、avings, and glass periwigs) fell into one category because of their common material, although their motives were very different, while other objects related in motive were grouped according to their different materials. Many private exhibitors actually provided very instructive technological surveys

31、 of their industries that corresponded more to my views.参考答案：因此，我进行了反思，并且这种方式看起来好象已经被“首席评审委员会原则”中包含的矛盾所证实。例如，所有的玻璃器皿（酒杯、镜子、吊灯、花瓶、玻璃织物、玻璃假发）由于使用了同样的材质而被归为一类，尽管他们的用途大相径庭。而其他具有同样用途的物品却根据其不同的材质被归为一类。事实上，许多私人展览为其所在行业的展品分类提供了很好的科学方法，这些方法更符合我的观点。(1)、对while other objects related in motive were grouped accor

32、ding to their different materials这一句的理解，我想同学们的意思都能看明白，但就是不知道该怎么用词，我也是一样。不过后来的回贴中yanrabbit666同学用到了一个词“分门别类”，我觉得非常好！他将这句话翻译为：“而其他具有同样用途的物品却根据其不同的材质分门别类.”这样读起来逻辑就十分清楚了，这里也非常感谢yanrabbit666同学：）(2)、lmmwise同学提出了有关对industry一词的理解问题，这里也欢迎大家继续讨论。我先提供一点原始材料：“industry有一个明显的含义，即指将人力组织转化成进行货物商业性生产和进行商业性服务的方法，而在有此含

33、义前，这个词经历了多次变化。这个词来源于拉丁文 industria，意思是“为某种目的而进行的勤奋的活动”；后来这个拉丁字发展成古法语单词 industrie，其意思是“活动性”、“能力”和“一种行业和职业”。英文单词（最早的记载是1475年）原意是“技巧”、“方法”、“勤奋”，也有“一种行业”之意。随着产业革命的开展，越来越多的人力被用于进行货物生产和商业服务， industry最新的含义及其较新的意思“有组织的劳动或习惯性的雇佣”变得重要起来，并逐渐成为这个词最主要的意思。现在，我们甚至在提到莎士比亚研究时，就象提及成衣制造业。不过，“勤劳、勤奋”这层含义仍在使用，也许只要这个单词存在，这

34、层含义就不会消失”9,原文：It was therefore a question of coming up with a plan (at least with a comparative survey) that could be executed with greater consistency, that corresponded better with the idea of an industrial exhibition, that contained a section for each object, and most importantly, better expresse

35、d the intrinsic bonds and thematic relationships of objects, thus offering useful comparisons as well.参考答案：因此，这里有一个问题，就是制定一个计划（至少是经过了一番比较调查），该计划执行起来要有更强的连贯性，也更符合工业博览会的思想，这里面每个物品都有相应的展区，而且最重要的是，它能够更好地表达物品内在的脉络以及主题关系，从而提供更为有效的对照。p.s.一个plan，后面三个that以及最后那个and most importantly后面跟着的一大串，都是用以说明这个plan的，理解了这个

36、也就理解了全句。10,原文：The plan I conceived was architectural and based on the elements of the domestic settlement: hearth, wall, terrace, roof. A fifth main division should comprise the working together of these four elements and embrace high art and, in a symbolic sense, high science. This plan should make

37、 apparent the derivation of objects and forms from their primordial motives and style changes conditioned by circumstances.参考答案：我设想的计划是关于建筑的，并且基于国内住宅要素：壁炉、墙壁、露台和屋顶。第五种要素应该包括与上述四种要素相关的方面，其中包括高级艺术，并且以一种象征性来看，也应该包括高科技。这一计划应该能够清楚地表明物品的来历、源于物品原始用途的形式，以及由环境造成的物品风格变化。句子结构分析：1、A fifth main division should c

38、omprise the working（注意哦？comprise the working是一个意群，而不是working together在一起） together of these four elements and embrace high art and, in a symbolic sense, high science. 2、This plan should make apparent（使得.变得清晰，后面三个AND都是说要变得清晰的那个东西） the derivation of objects and forms from their primordial motives and

39、style changes conditioned by circumstances.本期总结：a、有好几个同学提出了对于“high science”这个词的理解，其实我在翻译时也是不太知道该如何具体表达，但是，由于这篇文章是1851年前后写的，那个时候英语里好象还没有“high technology”，这个词应该是出现在20世纪以后的，所以，我就还是翻译成了“高科技”（对于19世纪的人来说，估计汽车就是高科技啦）b、有好几个同学将A fifth main division should comprise the working together of these four elements

40、and embrace high art and这一句翻译成“第五种要素应该包含了由以上四种因素共同作用所形成的一种高级艺术氛围”，这里我的理解是：由于elements与embrace 中间的连接词是AND，所以是一种并例关系，如果按那样理解，那这个连接词应该换成THAT，我是这么认为的哈：）11,原文：Yet the critical campaign I pondered did not take place, partly because of external hindrances, but also because of my intervening doubt. In fact,

41、the Head Juries were rather well suited to the most recent cultural viewpoints and interrelationships of human activities. There could have been no other plan devised for the general Industrial Exhibitions of 1851.参考答案然而我所认为的关键性措施并未被采取，部分是由于客观原因，但部分也是由于我在两者间的犹豫。事实上，“首席评审委员会原则”更符合最近的文化观点以及人类活动的相互影响。再

42、也找不到为了1851年这种综合性工业博览会而设计的其它计划了。本期句子结构分析：1、Yet the critical campaign（这里省略了一个that） I pondered did not take place, partly because of external hindrances, but also because of my intervening doubt. 2、In fact, the Head Juries were rather well suited to(到这里为一个意群，是说更符合于什么，具体是什么，请看下面) the most recent cultura

43、l viewpoints（这是第一个符合的东西） and interrelationships of human activities（这是第二个符合的东西）.3、There could have been no other plan（这里省略了一个that）devised for the general Industrial Exhibitions of 1851.本期总结：1、critical campaign许多同学们理解为“批评的狂潮”或“关键性的战役”，这里我根据上下文，觉得可能还是说作者所说的那种关键性的措施，critical 带有“关键的”意思，而campaign一词有一层意思是

44、：An operation or series of operations energetically pursued to accomplish a purpose: 运动计划以期达到某一目的而采取的一项或一系列积极有力的措施2、intervening doubtintervene：vi.干涉, 干预, 插入, 介入, (指时间)介于其间 v.干涉我根据上下文理解，可能是作者对于两种方案间的犹豫，但也有同学们理解为“中途的犹豫”，我觉得也有道理，因为intervene：(指时间)介于其间。3、general Industrial Exhibitions这里，我将general理解为一种“综合

45、性”的展览。12,原文：How long did the inventor of oil painting toil with an old process that no longer satisfied certain purposes before he discovered his new process? Bernard Palissy searched half his life for an opaque enamel for his faience before he finally found what he sought. These men knew how to use

46、 the invention because they needed it, and because they needed it they searched and found it. In this way, gradual progress in science went hand in hand with the mastery and the awareness of how and to what end the invention could be applied.参考答案：在新的方法被发明以前，“油画网”的发明者有多长时间是在用一种老方法作画的？这种老方法已经不能再满足某些用途

47、。在Bernard Palissy最终找到一种不透明的釉彩用以制作他的精致彩陶以前，他花费了半生时间来寻找这种物质。这些人知道如何应用这些发明，因为他们需要这些发明，也正因为他们需要这些发明，他们不停寻找并最终找到。这样，科学的逐步发展就与对新发明的掌握以及对如何应用和为何种目的去应用新发明的认识结合在了一起。本期句子结构分析：1、How long（问时间有多长） did the inventor of oil painting toil（“油画网”的发明者） with an old process（用一种老方法作画） that no longer satisfied certain purp

48、oses（这个从句修饰old process） before he discovered his new process（在他发明新方法之前）?2、Bernard Palissy searched half his life for（这里的词组是search for，说这个人花了半生时间寻找，找个什么呢？看后面） an opaque enamel（这就是他要找的东西） for his faience（这个FOR后面带出来的是他寻找的目的） before he finally found what he sought.（这个从句用来说明时间：在他最终找到之前）3、In this way（固定词组

49、：这样）, gradual progress in science（主语） went hand in hand with（go hand in hand with，固定词组：与.结合在一起，到底与什么结合呢？看后面） the mastery（第一个被结合的东东） and the awareness（第二个要结合的东东） of how and to what end the invention could be applied.（都是对那个awareness的修饰）。本期总结：1、toil 首先向大家道个歉，开始将它看成是名词了，后来许多同学帮我指出，的确应该是动词，vi.苦干, 跋涉, 费力地

50、做。这里谢谢大家了啊！2、the awareness of how and to what end the invention could be applied.有些同学将 how and to what 理解为一种程度，我想也有一定道理。不过现在根据大家的翻译情况来看，好象还是翻译成“如何应用”和“为何种目的而应用”的同学多一点。这里欢迎大家继续讨论：）13,原文：Necessity was the mother of science. Developing empirically and with youthful spontaneity, science soon drew confid

51、ent deductions on the unknown from the narrow field of acquired knowledge, doubting nothing and creating its world from hypotheses. Later it felt confined by its dependence on application and became an object in itself. It entered the field of doubt and analysis. A craze for classification and nomen

52、clature superceded the ingenious or fanciful systems.参考答案：需求乃科学之母。凭借着经验发展及其早期的自发性，科学很快就从已有知识的狭隘领域引起一种对未知的自信推断，不怀疑任何事物，并且从臆测中建立起它自己的世界。后来，科学感到受限于它在应用上的依赖性，进而将自己变为一种目标。科学进入了怀疑与分析的境地。一种对术语以及分类的狂热取代了独创和想像的体系。本期句子结构分析：1、Developing empirically and with youthful spontaneity (这半句有种前提的性质), science soon drew

53、confident deductions on the unknown from the narrow field of acquired knowledge, doubting nothing（这里省略的主语是scienc） and creating its（这个IT还是指代scienc） world from hypotheses.这一句的主要结构是：draw A on B from C2、Later it（还是指代scienc） felt confined by its dependence on application and became an object in itself.3、

54、It（还是指代scienc）entered the field of（进入一种什么境界） doubt and analysis.4、A craze （一种疯狂，是什么样的疯狂呢？看后面）for classification（第一种疯狂） and nomenclature（第二种疯狂） superceded（谓语动词） the ingenious or fanciful systems.（这是被取代的东西）本期总结：1、发财大将军提出：“Developing /colorempirically and with youthful spontaneity, science soon drew co

55、nfident deductions on the unknown from the narrow field of acquired knowledge, doubting nothing and creating its world from hypotheses 我认为红字部分是三个并例的，而蓝字表示的是这三个并例陈述的内容所产生的结果所以我将它翻译成：“随着经验和早期自发性的发展，相信一切并且从假设中创造世界，不久，科学就获得了对未知东西充满自信的推论，这推论是根据所习得知识的那些狭窄领域而来的“ 请你分析一下我的观点。”我是觉得，这里三个“ING”可能还是表明一种时态形式，是说科学正

56、处于Developing、doubting nothing和creating its world的一种状态中，如果按照你的分析来理解，那么这三个并列结构应该在书写时应该被放置得更紧密一些，而且，在Developing empirically and with youthful spontaneity, science soon drew confident deductions on the unknown from the narrow field of acquired knowledge这半句里，已经能体现出一种逻辑结构，而这前半句的逻辑结构与后半句的doubting nothing a

57、nd creating its world from hypotheses.也能构成一种逻辑，所以，我认为按照这种逻辑顺序来理解应该是可以的。当然这只是我自己的观点，欢迎大家再作探讨：）2、science soon drew confident deductions on the unknown from the narrow field of acquired knowledge在翻译这一句时，我一开始怎么也想不出恰当的词来表现那个“DRAW ON”，而丁丁猫儿w_w用到一个“演绎”，我觉得非常好，这里我就将这句改成了“科学很快就从已有知识的狭隘领域演绎出一种对未知的自信推断”，这里也谢谢猫

58、儿MM啦，亲一个_14,原文：In the end genius reconquered the vast amount of material collected by research and purely objective investigation was forced to submit to hypothetical inference and to become the latters servant in the procurement of further factual evidence derived from analogies.参考答案：最后，天才们夺回了大量由科研收集来的材料，纯粹的客观调查被迫服从于假设的推论并且服务于后者，用以进一步获取一种来自于类推的实证。本期句子结构分析：In the end genius reconquered the vast amount of material（这里省略了一个that）collected by research (到这里是一个意群，后面要交待平行关系的另一件事了) and purely objective investigation（整个后半句的主语） was forced to（1）（被迫去干件什么事情，干什么呢？看to1后面） submit（这就是被迫干的事了） to