中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解6：G、H字部

1、2021年中考英语复习之重点核心词汇详解专题六G、H字部1. general|HSSadj.大体的,笼统的,总的,一般的关联词组：ingeneral总之；一般而言；generalpublic公众；generalidea大意,梗概；generalmanager总经理；generalrule一般规那么；通那么ingeneral用法：作状语：TheweatherinFloridaiswarmingeneral.一般来说弗罗里达州的天气是暖和的.放在复数名词后作定语：Peopleingeneralwillsupportus.总体而言,人们会支持我们的.词性转换：generallyadv.通常,一般地；

2、普遍地：generallyspeaking=ingeneral一般而言1上牙位12021,浙江卷,阅读DResearchersinFrancetooktheirresearchoutintothestreet,tothegeneralpublic.2. geography|引羔物n.地理学,地形关联词组：ageographylesson/teacher/textbook地理课/老师/课本词性转换：geographical=geographicadj.地理学的；geographicallyadv在地理上；地理学上工父*7后12021,江苏卷,阅读填空Overtheyears,thesystemd

3、evelopedintodifferentforms,asitwasatimewhenpeoplewered70geographically,leadingtodifferentdialects方言andcharacters.3. goldUJZEQn.黄金；金色；adj.金质的；金黄色的关联词组：goldmedal金牌；goldmine金矿；puregold纯金；goldring/watch/coin金戒指/表/币用法：gold作化学元素、物质名词时,是不可数名词；表示“金色时,可作可数名词,例如：Ilovetheredsandgoldsofautumn.我喜欢秋天的火红色和金黄色.gold

4、和golden的区别：O词性上看,gold可作名词,也可作形容词；golden只作形容词©gold修饰名词时,是名词作定语,主要指由金制造的东西,侧重材料；也可以形容词身份修饰名词,表示"金色的"：Doyoulikethegoldcar?你喜欢这两金色的车吗？golden修饰名词时,文学色彩浓厚,往往带有比喻意义,表示“黄金般的、“珍贵的、“美好的、“很有前途的等意义,例如：goldenage黄金时期；goldenchance绝好时机0一些习惯使用golden的情形：goldenhair金发；goldenegg/apple金蛋/苹果IESL更由2021,山东卷,阅

5、读CThekingwaswildwithjoy.Heranaroundhispalaceandtouchedeverythinghesaw.Everythingwasturnedintogold!4. governmentIZZZZQn.政府J关联词组：centralgovernment中央政府；localgovernment地方政府；governmentofficial政府官员词性转换：governmentaladj.政府的；governv.治理；统治；governorn.治理者；统治者；地方长官2021,浙江卷,阅读DBigdatacanhavedifferentkindsofinform

6、ationfrommanysources,suchasinformationthatcomesfromschools,socialmediasites,companiesandgovernments.5. greetingEZDn.祝贺；问候3关联词组：greetingcard贺卡用法：通常搭配的动词有send发送,exchanges交换；常用作复数greetings,表示“贺词"、"问候的话：Christmas/birthdaygreetings圣诞/生日贺词词性转换：greetv.问候,打招呼2021,d匕京卷,短文阅读Agiftisnecessarywhenoneis

7、invitedtovisitfriendsinChina.Aftergreetings,thegiftshouldbepassedimmediatelytothehost.6. grow密?dv.生长；开展；种植；变成词形变化：过去式grew,过去分词grown关联词组：growup长大,成长；growninto成长为；growrice/vegetables/flowers种水稻/蔬菜/花；growold变老用法：grow表示"增长含义时,常用语agrowingnumberof的结构,意味"越来越多的：Agrowingnumberofpeoplearegoingvegeta

8、rian.越来越多的人开始吃素了.词性转换：growthn.增长；开展；生长；种植：thegrowthofpopulation人口增长血脸2021,北京卷,完形Andmomentsoffailurelikethisbuild20sincethenI'vtearnedtofacedisappointmentandgrownstronger.20.A.trustB.prideC.characterD.support7. guard主遥n.警戒,保卫；保护装置；v.保卫名词词组：securityguard保安；keepguard站岗；guarddog看门狗动词词组：guardagainst预

9、防,提防I皿*2021,重庆卷,阅读AU.Scompaniespayalmost$10billionayeartoprotecttheirpropertywithalarmsystemsandhumanguards.8. habit|E；无幽n习惯;习性关联词组：good/badhabit好/坏习惯；formthehabitof养成白习惯；livinghabit生活习惯；eatinghabit饮食习惯；outofhabit出于习惯；breakthehabit改掉习惯词性转换：habitualadj.习惯的,习以为常的；habituallyadv.惯常,习惯地工工£扇2021,山东卷,

10、单项填空5.Mybrotherhasahealthylivinghabit.Hestaysuplate,andheisanearlybird.C.oftenD.alwaysA.usuallyB.hardly9.hang|工无近v.悬桂;垂落；吊着；把吊起词形变化：过去式hung,过去分词hung关联词组：hangon坚持下去；握住不放；不挂断；hangout闲逛；hangupthephone挂断；hangonto依附；紧紧抓住用法：hang可作及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语；也可作不及物动词,其主动形式含有被动意义.例如：Youmayhangyourcoatonthehook.你可以把夕卜套挂在

11、钩子上.Alltheshirtshangtogetherinthesamewardrobe.所有的衬衫都挂在同一个衣橱里.2021,浙江卷,词汇运用44.We很少地hangoutatweekendsrecently.10.happenI出阳v.偶然发生；碰巧表示“某地某时发生了什么事,常用“sth.+happen+地点/时间句型,此时主语为事情.例如：Thestoryhappenedin1998.这个故事发生在1998年.,表示“某人出了某事常指不好的事",常用"sth.+happen+tosb.这一结构来表达.例如：Acaraccidenthappenedtoherthi

12、smorning.今天上午她发生了交通事故.Whathappenedtoyou?=what'swrongwithyou你怎么啦？表示“某人碰巧做某事",常用"sb.+happen+todosth.来表达.例如：Ihappenedtomeetafriendofmineinthestreetyesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇至U了我的个朋友.0表示“碰巧或恰巧发生某事时,还可用"Ithappens/happenedthat."这一结构来表达.例如：IthappenedthatBrianandPeterwereathomethatday.碰巧那天布

13、莱恩和彼得在家了.注：that从句中的主语是人时,该结构可与"sb.+happen+todosth.结构互换.例如：IthappenedthatBrianandPeterwereathomethatday.=BrianandPeterhappenedtobeathomethatday.词性转换：happeningn.发生的事常用复数：Therehavebeenstrangehappeningsherelately这儿最近发生了一些怪事.I跟塞弗2021,浙江卷,完形填空Howdidthishappen?I17wewerefriends.17.A.foundB.admittedC.re

14、alizedD.thought11. hardHZEDadj.硬的；困难的；努力的；adv.努力地；艰难地；猛烈地形容词词组：harddisk硬盘；harddrive硬盘驱动器；haveahardtime过得艰难；hardcopy硬拷贝；复印件副词词组：workhard努力工作学习；tryhard努力hard和hardly区别：©hard既是形容词,又是自己的副词,表示“努力的地、“猛烈的地；C2hardly只作副词,其词义与hard相去甚远,指“几乎不,表示否认概念.试比拟：Heworkshard.他努力工作.Hehardlyworks.他几乎不工作.词性转换：hardnessn.

15、硬度；hardenv.硬化；变硬；hardshipn.困苦,艰难险阻；同义词：difficultadj.困难的反义词：softadj.软的；温柔的；easyadj.容易的,简单的工iL不2021,浙江卷,完形Overthreeweekendsofhardwork,Sallyturnedherdesignintoareal,workinggo-kartandpainteditlightblue.12. health|理工苧'n.健康,卫生关联词组：healthcare卫生保健；physicalhealth身体健康；mentalhealth心理健康；WorldHealthOrganizat

16、ion世界卫生组织词性转换：healthyadj.健康的,健全的；healthilyadv健康地；healthinessn.健康,健全同义词：fitnessn.健康；适当1S牙位12021,山东卷,单项填空21. Tenniscanexerciseallofourmuscles肌肉.Anditrequirestospendtimewithothers.Thisisgoodforourhealth,too.A.oursB.usC.we13. hearUZSQv.听到；听说词形变化：过去式heard,过去分词heard关联词组：hearfromsb.收到某人的信；hearabout听说,得知；he

17、arof听说过Ohear与listen的区别：hear强调"听见,即听的结果；listen强调听的动作；©hearsb.dosth.表示听到某人做某事的全过程；hearsb.doingsth.强调听到某人正在做某事.试比拟：Iheardhimsingasongyesterday.昨天我听见他唱了支歌.Icouldhearpeoplesinginghappilynextdoor.我可以听见隔壁有人在欢快地唱歌.lima2021,江苏卷,单项填空9.CouldyouspeakinaloudvoicesothatIcanhearyou?A.quicklyB.happilyC.sl

18、owlyD.clearly14. heatHZEDn.热,高温；v.加热；使冲动词组：heatwave热浪；heatstroke中暑；heatup加热词性转换：heatedadj.热的；冲动地,剧烈的：heateddiscussion剧烈的讨论；heatern.加热器2021,山东卷,动词应用TheaccidentalsocausedheateddiscussionsontheInternet.15. heavy工ZEDadj.沉重的；大量的,严重的用法：除了可指重量之外,heavy常用来表示数量、程度或严重性之大,常见搭配有：heavytraffic拥挤的交通；heavyrain/snow大

19、雨/雪；heavydrinking/smoking大量饮酒/吸烟词性转换：heavilyadv.沉重地；猛烈地；heavinessn.沉重；沉闷反义词：lightadj.轻的工工不石,(2021,江苏卷,阅读B)26.Whatdoesthetableaboveshow?A.Howheavyaneggcanbe.B.Howlongtocookanegginapan.C.Howtomakeaneggsink.D.Howtochecktheageofanegg.16. help|心例Elv.&n.帮助,帮助动词词组：helponeself(tosth.)自用(食物),自取所需；can'

20、;thelp(doingsth.)忍不住(做),情不自禁名词词组：withthehelpofsb.=withsb.'和elp的帮助下；askforhelp寻求帮助CDhelp作动词时,即是及物动词,也是不及物动词.常用结构有help(sb.)with+名词,help(sb.)indoingsth.,help(sb.)(to)dosth.(接不定式时可以省略to):Healwayshelps(her)withthehousework.他总是帮着(她)做家务.Shehelped(me)(to)organizetheparty.她协助(我)筹备了晚会.help做名词时,表示“帮助时,常接介词

21、with；还可以指“有帮助的人或物,这时常接介词to：Youradvicewasabighelptome.你的建议对我很有帮助.词性转换：helpfuladj.有帮助的,有益的；helpfullyadv.有益地,有用地；helplessadj.无助的；没用的；helplesslyadv.无助地,无能为力地(2021,北京卷,短文阅读)Iwasmortified.Myhandswereshaking.Icouldn'thelpcrying16.16. A.sadlyB.shylyC.excitedlyD.nervously17. hideUSQv.把藏起来；隐藏词形变化：过去式hid,过

22、去分词hidden关联词组：hideandseek捉迷藏用法：hide可作及物动词表示“把藏起来,隐瞒,也可作不及物动词,表示“隐藏,隐瞒.常用的介词搭配有：hide(sb./sth.)in/under/behind(把)藏于；hide(sb./sth.)fromsb.对隐瞒：Donothideyourfearfromyourself.不要对自己隐瞒你的恐惧.词性转换：hiddenadj.隐藏的：hiddentrouble/danger隐患(2021,湖南卷,语法填空)22.Keeptrying,youmightsurprisinglyfindhiddenabilitieswithinyou.

23、A.butB.andC.or18. history在豆gn.历史；历史学关联词组：inhistory在历史上；humanhistory人类历史；modernhistory近代史；historymuseum历史博物馆；historyteacher历史老师词性转换：historicadj.有历史意义的；历史上著名的；historicaladj.历史的；史学的；基于史实的；historicallyadv.历史上地；从历史观点上说注意historic和historical的区别,historic通常表示具有重要历史意义的；historical通常表示涉及历史、史学、过去的事实.试比拟：Todayisa

24、historicdayforourcountry.今天是我国具有历史意义的日子.Hehasbeendoingsomehistoricalstudy.他一直在进行史学研究.工2021年,江苏卷,词汇检测43.AmyandAnniewillgoonanaturalhistorywalknext星期日19. hit色.v.打,撞,击中词形变化：过去式hit,过去分词hit用法：hitsb./sth.withsth.用击打；hitsth.on/againststh.使身体部位撞到某物：Hehithisheadonthelowceiling.他的头碰了低矮的天花板.熟词僻义：hit作名词时,除了表示“击

25、,打,还可表示“很受欢送的人或事：Hisnewrecordisarealhit.他的新专辑极为成功,引起轰动.近义词：beatv.敲打工工f二国2021年,山东卷,动词应用Liuhitthedriverwithherphoneandpreventedthedriverfromdrivingthebussafely.20. holdHZEDv.拿,抱,握住；进行,举行上1:史词形变化：过去式held,过去分词held关联词组：holdon=hangon别挂断；等一下；holdup举起；holdback隐瞒；抑制；holdonto=hangonto抓住不放用法：hold除了表示“拿,握,抱等肢体动

26、作的含义,还经常用来表示“进行,举行,举办的意思,常见搭配有holdameeting/party/competition等.2021年,山东卷,完形Thenjumpstraightupashighasyoucanafterthesquatposition,holdingyourarmsupdirectlyoveryourhead.21.honestIE；羔aadj.老实的.正直的?内£物关联词组：tobehonest老实说.honest前面的不定冠词要用an,不用a：anhonestman;©behonestwithsb.对某人老实；behonestaboutsth坦诚不隐

27、瞒某事词性转换：honestyn.老实,正直；honestlyadv.老实地,正直地：honestlyspeaking尸tobehonest老实说反义词：dishonestadj.不老实的,不老实的工RfsSl2021年,?胡d匕卷,短文填空Tobehonest,ifIcompareChinawiththeUS,myanswerhasalwaysbeenthesame:“Wearenotworseorbetterthaneachother;weareonlydifferent.22.honour工n.荣誉,荣耀；尊敬美式拼写：honor关联词组：inhonourof为纪念；forthehono

28、urof为了的声誉；havethehonourof有幸；guestofhonour贵宾用法：复数形式honours,特指“优异成绩"：graduatewithhonours以优异成绩毕业词性转换：honouredadj.受尊敬的；honourableadj,荣誉的,值得尊敬的反义词：dishonourn,耻辱,丢脸2021年,?胡d匕卷,阅读CWeencourageourkidstotakehonorscourses培优课程ortohaveafter-schooljobs.23.humanXSEBn,人类;adj,人的,人类的型？星理,关联词组：humanbody/brain人体/脑

29、；humanbeing人；人类；humannature人性用法：human也可以作名词,此时human=humanbeing,意为"人,人类".词性转换：humanlyadv.像人地；以人力；humanityn.人类；人道工注看:百2021年,北京卷,阅读DNowadays,smartmachinesgiveusaccesstomosthumanknowledge.24.humorous西的adj.幽默的关联词组：humorousstories幽默故事词性转换：humorouslyadv,幽默地,滑稽地；humour=humorn,幽默：senseofhumour幽默感；blackhumour黑色幽默2021年,江苏卷,阅读A27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resolution"meaninthepassage?A.Promise.B.Entertainment.C.HumourD.Secret.25.hungryZZDadj.饥饿的；渴望的用法：hungry通常引申为"渴望的,常用句式有behungryforsth,或behungrytodosth.：Sheishungryforsuccess.她渴望成功.Shewashungrytolearn.她渴望学习.词性