2018-年全国新课标一卷英语试题

1、A. At 6:30.B. At 8:30.4. How does the woman go to work?A. By carB. On foot5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.第二节（共 15 小题; 每小题 1.5 分。满分 22.5 分）B. 9.18.B. Give a talk.B. She s curious.1）及答案解析C. 9.15.C. Write a report.C. Shes helpful.2018 年普通高

2、等学校招生全国统一考试英语（全国卷英语 第一部分听力 （共两节，满分 30 分 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节 （共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例 : How much is the shirt?A. 19.15.答案是 C。1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program

3、.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She s generous.3. When does the train leave?C. At 10:30C. Doctor and patient.C. A taxi driver.C. At a restaurant.C. Work extra hours.C. It s adequately equipped.C. Make payment.A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或C. By bike.听下面 5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题

4、，从题中所给的 对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5 秒钟， 独白读两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、 7 题6. What does the woman regret?A. Giving up her research.B. Dropping out of college.C. Changing her major.7. What is the woman interested in studying now?A. Ecology.B. Education.听第 7 段材料，回答第 8、 9 题。8. What is the mam?A. A hotel manager.B.

5、A tour guide.9. What is the man doing for the woman?A. Looking for some local foods.B. Showing her around the seaside.C. Offering information about a hotel. 听第 8 段材料，回答第 10 至 12 题。10. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In an office.B. At home.11. What will the speakers do tomorrow ev

6、ening?A. Go to a concert.B. Visit a friend.12. Who is Alice going to call?A. Mike.B. Joan听第 9 段材料，回答第 13 至 16 题。13. Why does the woman meet the man?A. To look at an apartmentB. To deliver some furniture.C. To have a meal together.14. What does the woman like about the carpet?A. Its color.B. Its desi

7、gn.15. What does the man say about the kitchen?A. Its a good size.B. Its newly painted.16. What will the woman probably do next?A. Go downtown.B. Talk with her friend.听第 10 段材料，回答第 17 至 20 题。17. Who is the speaker probably talking to?C. ChemistryC. Catherine.C. Itsquality.A. Movie fans. B. News repo

8、rters.18. When did the speaker take English classes?A. Before he left his hometown.B. After he came to America.C. When he was 15 years old.19. How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A. He s proud.B. Hes sympathetic.20. What does the speaker mainly talk about?A. How education shaped his life.B.

9、How his language skills improved.C. How he managed his business well.答案： 1-5 BCCBA6-10 BABCC11-15 ABAAC第二部分 阅读理解 （共两节，满分 40 分 ）第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分 ）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、 C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Washington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hoursT

10、his small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Yourguide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot beforeavailability and the cherry blossoms disappear!Was

11、hington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours （4 miles）Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments andmemorials on the National Mail as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helm

12、et,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington,D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the

13、 most interesting stories aboutPresidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route（ 路线 ）make cycling between the sitesfun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours （7 miles）Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploratio

14、n in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments andmemorials as you bike the sites of Capital Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are make for photo taking as your guide offersunique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped wit

15、h reflective vests and safetylights.21. Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bike Tour.22. What will you do on the Capita

16、l City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights.21.A 细节理解题。题目问“哪一个骑车游需要提前预定”，根据第一段内容中的“ Reserve your spot bef

17、ore availability andthe cherry blossoms disappear（ 在有效期和樱花消失前预约）”可知应选 A。22. D细节理解题。 题目问“首都骑车游中你能做什么” ， 根据第三段内容中的 “ Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the mostinteresting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks23. D 细节理解题。 题目问“以下哪一个是夜间骑车游提供的” ，根据第四段内容中的 “ All riders are equ

18、ipped with reflectivevests and safety lights”可知应选 D 选项。C. College students.C. He s grateful.16-20 BCBCAGood Morning Britain s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in herlatest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious

19、meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips onhow to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter saysshes been able to put a lot of wh

20、at shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, I4, Finn, 13. andJack, 11We love Mexican churros, so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains, “I pay 5is for a portion （一份 ）, but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are fl

21、our, water, sugar and oil. Everybody canbuy takeaway food. But sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. ”The eight-part series （系列节目 ），Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the v

22、ast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expenses, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. Intonights Faster special, they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transformsthe family s lo

23、ng weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.细节题，出处可定位至第一段 her latest role ，为各种家庭展示如何用比较少的预算去做既好吃又有营养的饭菜；25. C.细节题，出处定位至第二段 with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipesfor under $5 per family a day. 可知 Matt 在烹饪事物上帮助了

24、 Susanna。26. C.细节题，出处定位至 Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health,可知作者是为 读者介绍了 Save Money 这个节目是怎么来的，即是背景信息，故选择C 项。27. D.主旨题， 主旨句一般可定位至文章的第一段， but 后的关键信息点 she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing familieshow to prepare delicious and nutritious meal

25、s on a tight budget. 可知答案 D。 CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot moregoing. When the world was sill populated by hunter-gatherers , small tightly knit （ 联系 ） groups developed their own patterns ofspeech independent of

26、 each other. Some language experts believe that 10000 years ago, when the world had just five to tenmillion people, they spoke perhaps 1200 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settledand fewer in nu

27、mber. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universalcompulsory education, especially globalization and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused manylanguages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Sp

28、anish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is thatmild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by smallnum

29、bers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1000; Africa 2400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number （中位数 ） of speakers is a mere 6000, whichmeans that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer peopl

30、e than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction（ 消亡）, with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick,at random, Busum in Cameroon （eight remaining Speaker）, Chiapaneco in Mexico （150）, Lipan Apache in the United States（two or three） or Wadjigu in Australia （one

31、, with a question-mark） none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests.C. She dislikes working ear

32、ly in the morning.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her. C. Heassists her in cooking matters.26. What does the author intend to do A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.C. Add some background information.27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Keeping Fit

33、 by Eating SmartC. Making yourself a Perfect Chef24. B.B. She has started a new programme.D. She has had a tight budget for her familyB. He prepares food for her kids.D. He invites guest families for her. inparagraph4?B. Provide some advice for the readers.D. Introduce a new topic for the discussion

34、.B. Balancing Our Daily DietD. Cooking Well for LessC. They had similar patterns.D. They were closely connected.29. Which of the following best explains “ dominant ” underlined in paragraph 2?A. Complex.B. Advanced.C. Powerful.D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6000 people at p

35、resent?A. About 6800 B. About 3400C. About 2400 D. About 120031. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. People s lifestyles are reflected in fewer languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.28. B细节题。由 hunter-gat

36、herer times 定位到第一自然段， 根据 when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps1200 languages between them. 可是当时人少，但是语言很多。29. C.猜题题。 根据第二段后半部分 dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over, 列举 的英语、西班牙语、中文等都是使用人数较多等语言，所以选择 powerful 。30. B. 细节题。根据

37、第三段 At present, the world has about 6800 languages 和 The median number （ 中位数 ） of speakers isa were 6000 ,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知现在有 3400 种语言被少于6000 人说。31. C.主旨题，根据 Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent

38、times there has been less coming anda lot more going . 可知增加的语言少消失的语言多，且本文按照时间顺序写作，讲了随着人类发展，很多 语言消失。所以选择C。DWe may think we re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new studyshows that we keep using our old devices （装置）well after they go ou

39、t of style. That s bad news for the environment- and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using. Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Techno logy in New Yo

40、rk tracked the environmen tal costs for each product throughout its life from whe n its min erals are mined towhen we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile ph

41、ones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital camerasarrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readersshowed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones.“ The living-room television is re

42、placed andgets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house, ” said one researcher. Theaverage number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We re not just keeping these olddevices we continue to use them. According to th

43、e analysis of Babbitt s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathoderay tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions （排放） more thandoubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution（解决方案）? The teams date only went up to 2007

44、, but the researchers also explored what would happenif consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processingand TV viewing. They found that more on demand environment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could

45、cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test

46、 the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electr

47、onic devices?A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.32. A根据第一段最后一句“ Thats bad news for the environment - and our wallets - as these outdated devices consumemuch more energy than the news ones that do the same things. ”可知，做同样的事，旧的过时的装置比新装置消耗更 多能源，对环境有害。通过对比可知，新装置对环境有益

48、，所以选A。33. D根据第二段第一句“ To figure out how much power these devices are using. ”可知， Babbitt 团队组织这个研究是为了 弄清这些装置使用多少能源，所以选D。当题干中出现 why 时，在原文中找 to 或 becauseo34. B根据第二段 “ This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s before tabletsand e-readers showed up in 2007.”可

49、知， tablet 便签是最新出现的， 又因为第一段最后一句 “Thats bad news for theenvironment - and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the news ones that do the samethings. ”可知，新装置比旧装置消耗能源少，所以 tablet 消耗最少的能源，选 B35. A根据最后一段 “consumers replaced old products with new electronics ” 可知，文章建议人们用新装置代

50、替旧装置， 所以选 A,停止使用旧装置。第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fun dame ntal in home desig n someth ing you ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to man agecolor in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you ll love to live in. Do you want

51、a room that s full of life?Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36, color is the key to make a room feel theway you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37,they can ge

52、t a little complex. But good news is that there re really only three kinds of decisions you need tomake about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.38. They re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us used to add visualintere

53、st to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bringwith them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofa, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39. They require

54、a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decision in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you re looking at wallpaper or paint,the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40.A.

55、While all of them are usefulB. Whatever you re looking forC. If you re experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones we re most familiar withE. It s not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Co

56、lor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways解析：36. B 上文中提到“你是否在寻找你意中的房间”并给出了几种选择。B 选项承接了上句的问题,“无论你在寻找什么”并且引出了下句的答案“颜色是重要因素”。37. A 选项中的 them 指代上文中的 different techniques 和下文中的 they 指代内容相同。38. D 上一段末尾提到要介绍三种颜色选择,本段详细介绍第一种 small color choice.39. G 本段主要内容是 medium color ch

57、oice,前半句承接上文中medium 是 small 的升级，后半句引出下文的两种方式。40. F 上文中提到时间、努力和相应的费用付出是巨大的，迎合F 选项中 so it pays to be sure.第三部分 语言知识运用 （共两节,满分 45 分）第一节完型填空 （共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分,满分 30 分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education dep

58、artment was offering a“ free” course,called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I _41_ the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn t want to _42_ afew dollars? More than that, I d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren t _43_ enough about free credits, newsabout our_44_was

59、appealing enough to me. He was an international grandmaster, which _45_I wound be learning from oneof the game s _46_. I could hardly wait to _47_him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this _48_was no game for him: he meantbusiness. In his introduction, he m

60、ade it _49_that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to _50_ the class, among othercriteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to _51_ what we would learn in class to our future professions and _52_ toour lives. I managed to get an A in that _53_ and learn life lessons that have served me