2020年高考英语专题二阅读理解说明类专练(含解析)

1、专题二 阅读理解说明类专练（ 90 分钟， 90 分）考点 01： 01 冠词 3 颗星考点02：代词 3 颗星考点 03：介词和介词短语2 颗星考点04: 名词 3 颗星考点 05：主谓一致5 颗星考点 06：形容词和副词5 颗星考点 08：非谓语动词5 颗星考点 09：动词的时态和语态5 颗星考点 10：定语从句3 颗星考点 13：状语从句3 颗星考点 14：特殊句式2 颗星考点 17：阅读理解说明文5 颗星第 I 卷（选择题）（每题 2 分，共 30 分）一阅读理解A （考点17较易）In the United States, it is important to be on time

2、, or punctual , for an appointment , a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered the difference while teaching a class in aBrazilian（ 巴西的 ） university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M.and end at 12. On the first day ,

3、when the professor arrived on time, no one wasin the classroom. Many students came after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11A.M. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, fewapologized（ 道歉 ）for their lateness.Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students b

4、ehavior.The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness inboth an informal and a formal situation:at a lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively.He gave them an example and asked them how they would react,If they had a lunch appointment with a friend,the aver

5、age American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time. On the other hand, the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes.In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour.In contrast, in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the st

6、udents always arrive at the appointed hour.Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States,but also end at the scheduled time.In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12:00;many remained past 12:30 to discuss the class and ask more questions.While arriving late

7、 may not be very important in Brazil , neither is staying late.1 .The word punctual most probably means. 考点 17 易A.leaving soon after classB.coming earlyC.arriving a few minutes lateD.being on time2 .Why did the professor study the Brazilian students behavior? 考点 17 易A.He felt puzzled at the students

8、 being late.B.He felt angry at the students' rudeness.C.He wanted to make the students come on time later.D.He wanted to collect data for one of his studies.1.1 t can be inferred from the professor s study of lateness in the informal situation that . 考点 17 易A.American students will become impati

9、ent if their friend is five minutes lateB.neither Brazilian nor American students like being late in social gatheringsC.being late in one culture may not be considered so rude in another cultureD.Brazilian students will not come thirty-three minutes after the agreed time4 .What is the main idea of t

10、his passage?考点 17 易A.It is important to be on time for class in the United States.B.The importance of being on time differs among cultures.C.People learn the importance of time only from their own culture.D.Students being late for class should explain the reason to their teacher.B （考点17中难）Languages

11、have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit ( 联系 ) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Somelanguage experts bel

12、ieve that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade,

13、 industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasin

14、gly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around

15、 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua NewGuinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number ( 中位数 ) of speakers is mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already

16、well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction( 消亡 ), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questio

17、n-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.5 .What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?考点 17 易A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns. D.They were closely connected.考点6 .Which of the following best explains "dominant

18、" underlined in paragraph 2?17 易A.complex. B.advanced. C.powerful. D.modern. 7.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created. 考点 17 易B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.

19、C （考点17中难）Australia,the last continent,was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the seventeenth century, these nations were less interested in changing it into a colony（ 殖民地 ）than in exploring（ 勘探 ）it.As in the early history of the United States,it was the English who set up the

20、 settlements（新拓展地） inAustralia.This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well.Australia and the United States are about the same in size,and their western lands are both not rich in soil.It was the eastern coast of Australia and America that the

21、 English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west.However,this westward movement took place more because the English were searching for better land than because the population was increasing.Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold

22、 was discovered in America in 1849and in Australia two years later.Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common,these are some striking differences as well.The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having

23、to go to war.Australia, unlike the United States,was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising.By 1922,for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people,or almost half as many sheep as the people there i

24、n the United States.Yet,in spite of these and other main differences, Australia and the United States have more in commonwith each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.8.Who turned Australia into a colony? 考点 17 易A.BritainB.Several European countries.C.The United States of Am

25、erica.D.None of the above.9.In the early history of America and Australia,both colonies developed towards the west firstly for the reason that考点 17 易A.the population was increasing rapidly in the eastB.the English thought there might be richer land thereC.gold was discovered thereD.fewer people live

26、d there10.In the early 1920s 考点 17 易A.Australia had one fifteenth as many people as sheepB.there were more sheep in Australia than in the United StatesC.the population in Australia was greater than that of the United StatesD.the United States had twice as many sheep as people11.The last sentence in

27、the last paragraph“ Australia and the United States havemore in common with each other than either one has with most考点 17 中难A.the United States and Australia do not have any main differencesB.the United States and Australiahave much more in commonthan they have with othercountriesC.the United States

28、 and Australiahave nothing in commonwith the rest of the worldD.in common with the rest of the world, the United States and Australia have a lot of differencesD （考点17易）Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. When he was 17 years old, he traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do

29、 trade with the Chinese.Whenthey eventually arrived in Beijing, they were warmly welcomed by Kublai Khan, the Yuan Dynasty Emperor. Marco was very clever and could speak four languages. The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends. He asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to so

30、many important tasks across the country.Marco Polo, in turn, was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperor s Palace, especially the Summer Palace.There were many inventions and developments in China, which were not available in Europe at that ti

31、me. Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people using paper money in markets. In Europe, people paid for goods with gold or silver. He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel, as he had never seen coal before!After 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco Polo returned to

32、 Italy.Unluckily,a local war broke out, and he was caught and put into prison. He met another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. The prisoner was an author and he took dictation while listening. Later he wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, one of

33、the best sellers （畅销书 ） in Europe.12 .Why did Marco Polo and his father travel to China?考点 17 易A.To trade with Chinese.B.To draw a map of ChinaC.To write a book about China.D.To make friends with the Chinese.13 .Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people paying for goods with .考点17 易A.goldB.silverC

34、.paper moneyD.black stones14 .Who wrote the book The Descriptions of the World?考点 17 易A.Kublai Khan B.A prisonerC.Marco PoloD.Marco Polo s father15 .What do you know about Marco Polo from the passage? 考点 17 易A.He helped his father learn four languages.B.He taught Chinese people how to use coal.C.He

35、became a prisoner in Beijing. D.He served the Emperor for 17 years.第 II 卷(非选择题)(每题 1.5 分，共 60 分)语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。( 1 )难度适中Diets have changed in China and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country 考点 09(grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly125 percent

36、over 考点 01 past 25 years, while rice has increased only7 percent.A taste for meat is (actual) 考点 06 behind the change:An importantpart of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 考点 08 (improve

37、) water quality. Corn uses lesswater rice and creates less fertilizer( 化肥 ) runoff. This switchhas decreased 考点 04 (pollute) in the country s major lakes andreservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 考点 06 (globe) fer

38、tilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry ofAgriculture finds that between 2005 when the government (start) asoil- testing program 考点 10 gives specific fertilizerrecommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission( 排放 ) of 51.8 million tons of

39、carbon dioxide.China s approach to protecting its environment while 考点14 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakersworldwide." says the bank s Juergen Voegele.( 2) 易Running is good for your health. It may help to protect you 考点 03 heart disease and oth

40、er health problems. Running may also help you live longer.According to a research 考点 08 (do) in the USrecently, runnersare a great deal 考点 06 (health) than non-runners. In fact, the runnerslive, on average, three years longer than the non-runners.Running may be good exercise, but it can be difficult

41、 on the body. Here 考点 05 (be) commonly shared ideas among fitness experts to lower therisk of injury for people 考点 08 (run) regularly.Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Most people get running injuries when they push 考点 02 (they) too hard.Get good running shoes. You should find the shoes 考点

42、10 offerthe best fit and support for your feet. More 考点 06 (important), youshould have a new pair of shoes every 500 to 800 kilometers.After each run, write down notes about what you did and you felt.You may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes. Or perhaps you feel great when you have 考点

43、 01 rest between running days. These notes will helpyou make the best plan for running. ( 3)易Hollywood filmmakers visit Mulan's rootsHollywood filmmakers, including creators of the 1998 Disney film Mulan, will start 考点 01 “ discovery trip ” to Mulan s birthplace HuangpiDistrict in Hubei Province

44、 this week.During the two-day visit, they will see a number ofMulan-themed 考点 04 ( performance) , such as the horse lighting showand the local opera. They will also visit places of historical interest, 考点 03 the Mulan Mountain and the General's Temple.In the 20 years since the Disney film came o

45、ut, 考点 02 (it)director Tony Bancroft hasn t been to the land of Mulan's roots. "For me, it's afull circle tour of where my favorite character was born. I'm also doing my homework for the next film,"he said.“ China used to be closed off to Westerners, thus 考点 08( create) a myste

46、ry, but in the last few years, U. S. films 考点09(explore ) the Chinese culture and environment, 考点 10 has openedaudiences to a whole new world. I believe the tale of Mulan appeals to Westerners mainly 考点 13 it s about a daughter s respect for herfamily, 考点 06 (especial) her father, ” Bancroft added.A

47、 live-action remake of the 1998 film is expected to hit theaters in 2019.The Walt Disney Studios has announced that Chinese actress Liu Yifei, also 考点 08 ( know) as Crystal Liu, is going to star in the classic Chinesetale.( 4) 易A mother returned home very tired. Her 8-year-old son ran up to her. He

48、was waiting for her and wanted to tell her1.his younger brother had done.“ While I was out playing and Dad was on a call, Tyler took his crayons and wroteon the wall! I told him you would be mad at him 2. 考点 03 doing itagain, but I couldn t stop him. ”She let out a long sigh and asked: “ He did it a

49、gain? 3.is your brother now?”“ He is in his room. ”She walked to the younger son s room. She called 4. 考点 02/03 full name asshe entered. Then, she found Tyler 5. 考点 08 (try) to hide. He knew thatthe worst moments 6. 考点 09 (come)! For the next 10 minutes, the room was fullof the sound of her shouting

50、 about the expensive wallpaper.She scolded the littleboy for his bad behavior. The more she scolded, the 7. 考点 06 (angry) shegot.Then she headed for the living room 8. 考点 08 (see)what he had written. Asshe saw the wall, her eyes flooded with tears at once. It said “ I love Momm” y and 9. 考点 09 (surr

51、ound) with a heart.10. 考点 01Well, the wallpaper remained, just as she found it, with empty frame（ 框 ） hung around it.参考答案一、阅读理解A 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3c 4.B解析： 1. 本文讲述了不同的国家对于准时的理解是不一样的, 是有文化差异的。主旨大意题。纵观全文, 本文讲述了不同的国家对于准时的理解是不一样的, 是有文化差异的故选 D2. 词义猜测题。being on time 是此题的解题思路: 从原文 "it is important to be o

52、n time,orpunctual" 中的 or 得出 punctual 和 be on time 意思相近。故选A。3. 细节理解题。根据原文中的Were these students being rude?He decided to study thestudents'behavior 。可知他对此表示困惑, 故选 C4. 推理判断题。根据 In contrast,in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the students alwaysarrive at the appointed hour. 可知其中关键词语 "In cont

53、rast" 和形成对比/比较，可知 B 为答案日答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.DC答案及解析：答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.A; 4.BD答案及解析：答案： 1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D二、语法填空（ 1 ）答案：has grown; the; actually; to improve; than; pollution; global; started;that/which; feeding解析：本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。考查时态。since 加时间点,主句要用现在完成时。句意:2011 年

54、以来 , 中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown 。考查冠词。句意 : 玉米产量在过去25 年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。 故是特指在过去的 25 年里。故填the 。考查副词。句意 : 对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整, 用副词修饰句子。故填actually 。考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages, 故 improve 应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的, 故用不定式。故填 to improve 。考查连词。句意 : 玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less 可知 , 填比较连词。故填 than 。考查词性转换。句意 : 这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染, 使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased 后跟名词作宾语, 故填 pollution 。考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30% fertilizer consumption 是名词短语, 故应该用形容词修饰。故填global 。考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句 , 由于时间是2005 年 , 故用过去时。故填started 。考查定语从句关系词。