初中英语阅读理解题技巧

1、初中英语阅读理解题技巧一、概述中考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则：1）.文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1,000单词左右。2）.题材广泛，包括人物传记、社会文化、文史地理、科普、新闻报道、世界大事等多方面内容。3）.体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、图表等。二、阅读理解解题步骤1、第一步：先读题，找出考查的关键词，考点。2、第二步：读文章,抓住四个"w"和一个"h",就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把what（事件），when（时间），where（地点），why（原因），how（经过）划出来。3、第三步：根据题意，初选

2、答案。4、第四步：重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。三、中考阅读理解主要考查几种能力：1.事实细节题。这类题主要考查考生对英语文章事实细节的掌握情况。它又分为两种情况：一是词语细节类，其答案几乎可以直接从原文中找出来，考生只要根据题干中的关键词与原文进行对照，就能找到答案；二是词义转换题，答案是对原文中有关词语和句子的转换，包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。设计者往往采用了替换词汇（单词、词组或短语卜替换句型、转换表达形式等方式进行命题。解题时运用跳读查找法，同学们要特别注意试题（包括选项）与原文之间的适当变换。常用的提问句型有：1）WhichofthefollowingisRIGHT?2）Whi

3、chofthefollowingisNOTmentioned（提到）？3） WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthepassage?4）Choosetherightorderofthispassage.5）Whatdoestheauthor（作者）sayin?6）ThewritermentionedallofthefollowingEXCEPT（除之夕卜）【出题者的鬼把戏】一般来说，设计这些题目时，编题者常常会换用不同的词、词组、短语、句型、或其它不同的表达方式来表达文段中某一相应的词、词组、短语、句型或表达方式所表达的同一意思，以此来考察读者对文段中某一信息的理解。

4、解答这类阅读理解题尤其要求我们熟练掌握所学范围内的词汇、短语、句型及其意义和用法。【解题技巧】1 .明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。2.按照要求，寻找答案来源。3.找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。4.多读课文，正确使用排除法。【实例1】,Thereare39independent（独立的）collegesatOxford,attractingstudentsandlearnedmenfromacrosstheworld.Thereareover100librariesforthestudentsandlearnedmentouse.At

5、UniversityofOxford,theyalsoprovideanumberofmoneyforthebeststudents.Ofcourse,ifyouwanttostudyhere,firstyouhavetoreachacertainlevelofEnglishlanguage.（2011.云南昆明】B）根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。66. HowmanylibrariesarethereatOxford?A.Only100B.Just100C.Morethan100D.lessthan10067. Whatdoyouhavetodofirstifyouwanttoaskforst

6、udyingatOxford?Youhaveto.A.beindependentB.passacertainleveltestofEnglishlanguageC.studyEnglishhardD.bethebeststudents2 .推理判断题。这类题不仅考查考生对文章中某些句子字面意思的理解，而且还考查对句子间逻辑关系的理解、对事物发展结果的推导。这方面的出题多、难度大，考生可得小心。其提问的常用方式有：1） Whatdoestheauthor（作者）thinkabout？2） Whatcanbeinferred（推断出）/concludedfrom（得出结论）？3） Whatdoyo

7、uthinkofaccordingtothepassage?4） Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingisright?这类题干中通常常含有infer,suggest,conclude,purpose,belikelyto等标志性词语。【干扰项的设置特点】在通常情况下，这类试题的干扰项具有以下特点：或是文章中直接用于表达细节的信息，或是文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，或是与文章内容完全相反的结论，或是不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。【答题误区】同学们在做类题目时，很容易误选文段中直接用于表达信息的选项或表示片面结论的选项。【解题技巧】一是要全面分析所有相关

8、信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。3 .词义猜测题和语义理解题。这类题主要考查考生对英语文章中生词的解释意义、代词的指代意义及短语或句子的含义。其常见的提问方式有：1） Theword"inthepassageprobablymans.2） Theunderlinedword"it"inthepassagenrefeirs.3） Inthisstorytheunderlinedword""means.4） Whatdoesthewritermean（意

9、思是）bysaying5） Whatdoestheword/phrase""inparagraph-mean?6） Whichofthefollowingcanreplace（代替）theword/phrase""inParagraph?【解题技巧】1）、根据同义词猜词义。有时文章中尽管出现有生词，但作者可能以某种方式对生词进行了解释，如利用or,thatis（tosay）,inotherwords,namely等释义性词语或短语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等解释。例如：Weareonthenightshiftfrommidnig

10、htto8amthisweek.2）、根据反义词猜词义。3）、根据定义猜词义。文中常用解释性词语引出生词含义，如thatis,mean,standfor,namely,inotherwords,tobe等，有时用破折号，括弧来表示，或者用同位语、定语从句的形式出现。例如：Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.4）根据对比关系猜词义。有时作者对文章中的生词给出了一定的对比背景，并且这种背景通常以反义或对照的方式出现。表示这种对比的词和短语主要有unlike,not,but,while,however,despite,inspi

11、teof,incontrasttowith,comparedwith,usedto,ontheotherhand等。如:Heisschomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.5）、根据因果关系或逻辑关系猜词义。有时对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系来进行推断，既可以是根据原因推测结果，也可以是根据结果推测原因。英语中通常用于表示因果关系的词语有because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,sosuch等，由已知的原因th倒出结果”，反之亦然。例1:Youshouldn'reproachhimfor

12、that,foritwasn'thisfault.例2:ThefirestartedonSundaymorninginthehouseoftheKing'sbiker师）inPuddingLane.Thebaker,withhiswifeandfamily,wasabletogetoutthroughawindowintheroof.Astrongwindblewthefirefromthebakery（面包房）intoasmallhotelnextdoor.ThenitspreadquicklyintoThamesStreet.Thatwasthebeginning.Theu

13、nderlinedword“family"inthesecondparagraphmeansA.homeB.childrenC.wifeandhusbandD.wifeandchildren6）、根据上下文猜词义（语境理解法）即根据文章的语境情景进行分析和推理，从而猜测出生词的词义。我们平时说句不离句”，讲的就是对于词语的正确理解依赖于一定的句子（包括上下文）情景。所以同学们在猜测生词词义时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，对生词进行合情合理同时又合乎上下文语境的推测。如：ThedoorwassolowthatIhitmyheadonthelintel.猜词法的解题方法有很多

14、，在这里只举了几个常见的例子来说明怎么去猜词，具体的方法还需你在实践中自己去不断的总结。【实例1】FormalsettingInGermany,teachersandstudents'relationshipismoreformalthanyoumightbeusedto.Teachersarerespectedandstudentsmustusetheformal"Sie（德语，您）"whentalkingtoteachers.（【2011连云港】（选择型）（B）35.InParagraph3,theunderlinedword"respected&qu

15、ot;canbebesttranslatedinto.A.受人尊敬的B.令人害怕的C.高收入的D.有权势的4.主旨大意题。这类题主要考查考生对文章中心思想、段落大意的归纳、总结及概括能力。其提问的方式有：1）Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?2）Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout?3）Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat.4）Thepassagetellsusthat.5）Thispassagemainlytalksabout.6）Thetitle（标题）ofthispassages

16、houldbe7）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?8）Whatdoesthewritermainlytellusinthispassage?【解题技巧】1、以原文为依据，不参杂个人意见，要客观不要主观。要克服我认为怎么样”的观点。2、寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。因此，在做题时，要注意每段的主题句（往往为第一句）。英文叫“topicsentence,它上般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意，抓住主题句，就不难确定文章的最佳标题。【实例1】【2011连云港】（选择型）（B）InGermanytherearedifferentkindsofhighschools.Som

17、epreparestudentsforworkers,otherspreparethemforcollege.AllschoolsaregreatplacesformakingfriendsandlearningGerman.ShortdaysMosthighschoolsinGermanybeginatabout8:00a.m.andendatabout3:30p.m.Thismeansyourmorningwillbebusywithclasses.Youwillhavetimetodohomeworkandtakepartinprivate（私人的）clubsafterschool.Fo

18、rmalsettingInGermany,teachersandstudents'relationshipismoreformalthanyoumightbeusedto.Teachersarerespectedandstudentsmustusetheformal"Sie（德语，您）"whentalkingtoteachers.GettingtoschoolMoststudentstakepublictransporttoschoolorrideabicycle.Someareashaveschoolbuses.Itisnotcommonforparentstod

19、rivestudentstoschool.PrivateclubsInmanycountries,schoolsofferofficialsportsandafter-schoolactivities.ThisislesscommoninGermany.After-schoolactivitiesareusuallyorganizedthroughprivateclubs.Thereareclubsforthingslikesoccer,dance,choir,theatreandalmosteverythingelse.OnceyouareinGermany,askaroundatschoo

20、landtalktootherstudentstofindoutwhatprivateclubsareinyourareaandmeetyourinterests.Differentstates,differentschoolsEachofGermany's16stateshasitsownslightlydifferentschoolsystems.TheschoolsysteminBrandenburgwillbealittledifferentfromthesysteminBavariaforexample.Whereyoulive,yourknowledgelevelandyo

21、uragewilldecidewhatschoolyoucanattend.36. Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatinGermany.A. allkindsofhighschoolsareforcollegeB. ageisnotimportantforattendingschoolsC. studentscantakepartinafter-schoolactivitiesfrom8:00a.m.to3:30p.m.D. studentscanjoinprivateclubstomeettheirinterestsbythemselves37. Whatcanbe

22、thebesttitleforthisarticle?A.GermanPrivateClubsB.GermanPublicTransportC.GermanHighSchoolsD.GermanCollegeSystems5.观点态度题。这类题主要考查考生对作者在文章中所表露出来的观点、感情、态度、目的、意图的理解。考生要能够从文章的用词、语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度、观点等。其提问方式有：1）Whatistheopinion（观点）ofthewriterinthispassage?2）Whatisthewriter'sattitud度）towards？3）Whatisthe

23、purpose（目的）ofthewriterinthispassage?【干扰选项】此类试题的干扰项通常具有以下特点：或是自己的某种看法或观点，或是社会的一种普遍种倾向，或是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等。【答题误区】容易误选与自己的看法相吻合的选项。【技巧点拨】注意作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。20XX年河南省】AWhenmyson,Mark,wasinthethirdgrade,hesavedallhispocketmoneyforoverthreemonthstobuyholidaypresents.Thethird

24、SaturdayinDecemberMarksaidhehadmadehislistandhadtwentydollarsinhispocket.Idrovehimtoanearbysupermarket.MarkpickedupahandbasketandwentinwhileIwaitedandwatchedinthecar.IttookMarkover45minutestochoosehispresents.Finallyhecametothecheckoutcounter（交款处）andreachedintohispocketforhismoney.Itwasnotthere!Ther

25、ewasaholeinhispocket,butnomoney.Markstoodthereholdinghisbasket,tearsfallingdownhisface.Thenasurprisingthinghappened.AwomancameuptoMarkandtookhiminherarms."Youwouldhelpmealotifyouletmepayforyou,"saidthewoman."Itwouldbethemostwonderfulgiftyoucouldgiveme.Ionlyaskthatonedayyouwillpassiton

26、.Whenyougrowup,Iwouldlikeyoutofindsomeoneyoucanhelp.Whenyouhelpothers,1knowyouwillfeelasgoodaboutitasIdonow."Marktookthemoney,driedhistearsandranbacktothecheckoutcounterasfastashecould.ThatyearweallenjoyedourgiftsalmostasmuchasMarkenjoyedgivingthemtous.Iwouldliketosay'"thankyou"to

27、thatverykindwoman,andtellherthatfouryearslater,Markwenthousetohousecollectingblankets（毯子）andclothesforthehomelesspeopleinthefire.AndIwanttopromiseherthatMarkwillneverforgettokeeppassingiton.根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。48. WhathappenedtoMarkinthesupermarket?A.Hisgiftswerestolen.B.Hebrokehisbasket.C.Hel

28、osthismoney.D.Helosthisway.49. Whydidthewriterwanttosay''thankyou"tothewoman?A. BecausesheboughtMarkanicepresent.B. Becauseshealwayspaidmoneyforothers.C. Becauseshecollectedclothesforthehomeless.D. BecauseshetaughtMarktohelppeopleinneed.四、【几点注意】1、注意绝对化的词。如果答案选项中出现绝对化的词，比如：all,always,nev

29、er,nothing,every等等，除非文章当中使用了该类词汇，否则，一般都要排除。比如，原文中出现了这样一个句子：almosteveryonelikesthemusic.答题时，要你判断如下这个句子正误（trueorfalse）:everyonelikesthemusic.该句子应该是错误的。2、答案要避免以点带面，以偏盖全。尤其是多个选项都有道理，难以挑选正确答案的时候，要注意选择最符合题目要求的一个。3、傻瓜”原则。文章中没有提到的就当时不知道，不要枉自猜测，自作聪明。一切以文章内容为准。【实战练习】初中阅读理解专题练习（1）Everyonehasgottwopersonalities

30、（性格）-theonethatisshowntotheworldandtheotherthatissecretandreal.Youdon'tshowyoursecretpersonalitywhenyou'reawakebecauseyoucancontrolyourself,butwhenyou'reasleep,yoursleepingpositionshowstherealyou.Inanormalnight,ofcourse,youoftenchangeyoursleepingpositions.Theimportantpositionthatbestshow

31、syoursecretpersonalityistheonethatyougotosleep.Ifyougotosleeponyourback,you'reaveryopenperson.Younormallytrustpeopleandyouareeasilyinfluencedbynewideas.Youdon'tliketomakepeopleunhappy,soyouneverexpressyourrealfeelings.You'requiteshyandyouaren'tveryconfident.Ifyousleeponyourstomach,yo

32、uareapersonwholikestokeepsecrets.Youworryalotandyou'realwayseasilybecomingsad.Youneverwanttochangeyourideas,butyouaresatisfiedwithyourlifethewayitis.Youusuallylivefortodaynotfortomorrow.Ifyousleeponcurledup（蜷缩）,youareprobablyaverynervousperson.Youhavealowopinionofyourselfandoftenprotectyourselff

33、rombeinghurt,soyouareverydefensiveYou'reshyandyoudon'tusuallylikemeetingpeople.Youliketobeonyourown.Ifyousleeponyourside,youhaveusuallygotawell-balanced（平衡的）personality.Youknowyourstrengthsandweaknesses.You'reusuallycareful.Youhaveaconfidentpersonality.Yousometimesfeelworried,butyoudon&#

34、39;toftengetunhappy.Youalwayssaywhatyouthink,evenifitmakespeopleangry.(20XX年河南省】B)根据材料内容选择最佳答案，并将其标号填入题前括号内。()51.Youmayfindthepassagein.A.asciencemagazineB.aguidebookC.asportsnewspaperD.astorybook()52.Whendoesthesleepingpositionbestshowyoursecretpersonality?A.Inthedaytime.B.Atthebeginningofsleep.C.A

35、tnight.D.Duringthedeepsleep.()53.Tinahardlytellshersecretstoherfriends.Sheprobablygoestosleep.A.oncurledupB.onherstomachC.onherbackD.onherside()54.Whatdoestheword"defensive"meaninthepassage?A.易怒的B.攻击性的C.外向的D.有戒心的()55.Whatdoesthepassagetellus?A. Sleepingonyoursideisthebestwayofsleeping.B. C

36、hangingpositionswillcausesleepingproblems.C. Sleepingpositionsshowpeople'ssecretpersonalities.D. Enoughsleepmakespeoplelookbetterandhealthier.练习(2)【河北省20111AReporter:Howlonghaveyoubeenafirefighter?Wilson:Foreightyears.JPReporter:Howdidyougetstarted?Wilson:First,Ihadtotakealotoftestsintwoweeks.Th

37、en,Iwenttothefirefighterschoolforfourmonths.Ilearnedhowtoputoutfiresandhowtouseequipment,Ialsohadafull-timetrainingeveryday!Reporter:Howdoyoustaysafeonthejob?Wilson:Iwearspecialclothing.Ithelpskeepmeprotectedfromfire.Ialsocarryanoxygentank(氧气瓶)andamask(面具).Theyhelpmetobreatheinasmoke-filledbuilding.

38、Reporter:Arethereanynewtoolsthatfirefightersuse?Wilson:Wehaveaspecialcamerathatcanseeinthedark.Itcanfindheat.Thatway,wecanexactlytelltheplaceofafire.Reporter:Doyousavepets?Wilson:Justthreedaysago,Ihelpedsavesomecats.Theywerehidingunderthebeds.Petsusuallybideduringafirebecausetheyareafraidofdanger.Re

39、porter:Doyouevergetafraid?Wilson:No.Thereisnotimetobeafraid.Ijustthinkaboutwhattodotoputoutthefiresafely.Reporter:Whatdoyoulikebestaboutbeingafirefighter?Wilson:Helpingpeople!()56.KateWilsonhasdoneherjobfor.A. 2weeksB.3daysC.4monthsD.8years()57.Tobecomeafirefighter,KateWilsonatfirst.A.tookalotoftest

40、sB.learnedtostaysafeC.savedsomeanimalsD.usedfireequipment()58.KateWilsonsaysshedoesnotgetafraidbecause.A.shehasanoxygentankB.sheknowshowtofightfiresC.sheenjoysfindingheatD.sheistoobusyputtingoutfires()59.Asafirefighter,KateWilsonlikesmost.A.wearingamaskB.askingquestionsC.helpingpeopleD.hidinginsmoke

41、()60.Whatdidthereportermakethisinterviewfor?A.Totellpeoplewhatafirefighterdoes.B. Toteachpeoplehowtopreventfires.C. Tomakepeoplewanttobefirefighters.D. Toshowpeoplehowafirefighteristrained.练习(3)Weknowthemosquitoverywell.Mosquitoesflyeverywhere.Theycanbefoundalmostallovertheworld,andtherearemorethan2

42、,500kindsofthem.Noonelikesthemosquito.Butthemosquitomaydecidethatshelovesyou.She?Yes,she.Itmosquitodoesn'tbiteandonlythefemalemosquitobitesbecausesheneedsbloodtolayeggs.Sheisalwayslookingforthingsorpeopleshewantstobite.Ifshelikeswhatshefinds,shebites.Butifshedoesnblood(血),shewillturntosomeoneels

43、eformoredeliciousblood.Nexttimeamosquitobitesyou,justrememberyouarechosen.You'redifferentfromtheothers!Ifthemosquitolikesyou,shelandsonyourbodywithoutlettingyouknow.Shebitesyousoquicklyandquietlythatyoumaynotfeelanythingdifferent.Aftershebites,youwillhaveanitch(痒)onyourbodybecausesheputssomethin

44、gfromhermouthtogetherwithyourblood.Bythetimetheitchingbegins,andshehasflownaway.Andthenwhathappens?Well,afterherdeliciousdinner,themosquitofeelstired.Shejustwantstofindaplacetohaveagoodrest.There,onaleaforawall,shebeginstolayeggs,hundredsofeggs.()1."Mosquito"meansinChinese.A.苍蝇B.蜻蜓C.跳蚤D.蚊子

45、()2.Weknowmosquitoesverywellbecause.A.theycanbefoundeasilyB.theyflyhereandthereC.therearemanykindsofthemD.theycanfly()3.Ifthemosquitodoesn'tbiteyou,itwill.A.getangrywithyouB.beafraidofyouC.makealotofnoiseD.chooseanotherone()4.Themosquitobitesyou.A.whenyou'reasleep,becauseyouhavechooseitC.too

46、quicklytoletyouknowD.butdoesn'tlikeyou()5.Whichofthefollowingsentencesiswrong?A. Theitchingbeginsafterthemosquitobitesyou.B. Youfeelterriblewhenthemosquitobitesyou.C. Mosquitoesusebloodtolayeggs.D. Allthemosquitoesdon'tliketobitepeopleforblood.练习(4)【2011广西百色】BNews1YuanLongping,thefatherofhyb

47、ridrice,wontheWorldFoodPrizeonMonday.Yuandevelopedtheworld'sfirstpopularandwidelyknownhybridrice.Hybridriceplantscanmakemorericethanregularones.News2Haveyouevergotangryatbooksthatarefullofmistakes?Don'tworry,thingswillgetbettersoon.Lastweek,Chinastartedcheckingtextbooks,dictionariesandchildr

48、en'sbooksalloverthecountry.ThegovernmentsaidtheresultsofthecheckwouldcomeoutattheendofJune.News3Peoplewillseeanew"star"intheskysoon.ChinaplantstosendasatelliteintospacebyDecember2006.Itwillstayinspaceforoneyear.Itwillgoaroundthemoonandtakepictures.Itmustbeveryexpensive,right?That's

49、forsure;1.4billionyuan!News4Haveyoueverthoughtofbeingabletoflyaroundtheworldinafewhours?Oneday,maybeyoucan.LastSaturday,theAmericanX-43Aairplanemadeitsfirstflight.Itreachedaspeedof8,000kilometersperhour.Thismakesitthefastestplaneintheworld.X-43Aisonlythreetofourmeterslong,butit'sveryheavy.Itweig

50、hs1,270kilograms.()51.ThesatellitesentbyChinawillmovearound.A.themoonB.theearthC.thesunD.themars()52.Thespeedofthefastestplaneintheworldis.A.1.4kilometerspersecondB.43kilometersperminuteC.1,270kilometersperhourD.8,000kilometersperhour()53.Thecheckingoftextbooks,dictionariesandchildren'sbookswill

51、.A.makealotofmoneyB.makethechildrensadC.makesuretherearenomistakesinthemD.makesurethebooksarenottooexpensive()54.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthenewstarisNOTtrue?A.Itwillgoaroundthemoon.B.Itwillstayinspacefortwoyears.C.Itcostsalot.D.ItwillgointospacebyDecember2006.()55.YuanLongpingwontheWorldFoodPrizebecause.A. helikestoeathybridriceB. heisasuccessfulfatherC. hegrowsmorericethanothersD. hedevelopedtheworld'sfirstpo