商务英语常用词汇[1]

1、商务英语词汇economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济 capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济 controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 经济 mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门public

2、sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔infrastructure 基本建设scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金 r

3、eal estate 不动产,房地产 circulating capital, working capital 流动资本reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本 allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金 buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金 self-financing 自筹

4、经费,经费自给current account 经常帐户 (美作:checking account) current-account holder 支票帐户 (美作:checking-account holder)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票 crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票 chequebook 支票簿,支票本(美作:checkbook) endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户 ready money 现钱ready money busin

5、ess, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill) convertibility 可兑换性 convertible currencies 可兑换货币foreign exchange 外汇 floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券 hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款 depreciation 减价,贬值 devaluation (货币)贬值 rev

6、aluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀 deflation 通货紧缩 capital flight 资本外逃securities business 证券市场 stock exchange 贡市场 stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,贡交易所 quotation 报价,牌价 share 股份,贡shareholder, stockholder 贡持有人,股东 dividend 股息,红利 cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 贡投资 investment

7、trust 投资信托 stock-jobber 贡经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司 securities 有价证券 share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股 income gain 股利收入 issue 发行贡 par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手,多头 bear 卖手, 空头 assigned 过户 opening price 开盘 closing price 收盘hard times 低潮 business recession 景气衰退 doldrums 景气停滞 dull

8、 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板 break 暴跌 bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款 long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款 lender 债权人creditor 债权人 debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人 borrowing 借款 interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣 rediscount 再贴现 annuity 年金 maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,

9、摊还,分期偿付 redemption 偿还 insurance 保险 mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷 consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务 drawing 提款,提存 aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴cost 成本,费用expenditure, outgoings 开支,支出 fixed costs 固定成本 overhead costs 营业间接成本overheads 杂项开支,间接成本 opera

10、ting costs 生产费用,营业成本 operating expenses 营业费用running expenses 日常费用,经营费用 miscellaneous costs 杂项费用overhead expenses 间接费用,管理费用 upkeep costs, maintenance costs 维修费用,养护费用transport costs 运输费用 social charges 社会负担费用contingent expenses, contingencies 或有费用apportionment of expenses 分摊费用income 收入,收益earnings 利润,收

11、益 gross income, gross earnings 总收入,总收益gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,总利润,利益毛额 net income 纯收益,净收入,收益净额average income 平均收入national income 国收入 profitability, profit earning capacity 利润率,赢利率yield 产量收益,收益率 increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值duty 税 taxation system 税制 taxation 征税,纳税 fiscal charges 财务税收pr

12、ogressive taxation 累进税制 graduated tax 累进税 value added tax 增值税income tax 所得税land tax 地租,地价税 excise tax 特许权税 basis of assessment 估税标准taxable income 须纳税的收入fiscality 检查 tax-free 免税的 tax exemption 免税taxpayer 纳税人 tax collector 收税员China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, C.C.P.I.T. 中国国际贸易促进委

13、员会National Council for US-China Trade 美中贸易全国理事会Japan-China Economic Association 日中经济协会Association for the Promotion of International Trade,Japan 日本国际贸易促进会British Council for the Promotion of International Trade 英国国际贸易促进委员会International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会International Union of Marine Insurance

14、国际海洋运输保险协会International Alumina Association 国际铝矾土协会Universal Postal Union, UPU 万国邮政联盟Customs Co-operation Council, CCC 关税合作理事会United Nations Trade and Development Board 联合国贸易与发展理事会Organization for Economic cooperation and Development, DECD 经济合作与开发组织European Economic Community, EEC, European Common M

15、arket 欧洲经济共同体European Free Trade Association, EFTA 欧洲贸易联盟European Free Trade Area, EFTA 欧洲贸易区Council for Mutual Economic Aid, CMEA 经济互助委员会Eurogroup 欧洲集团Group of Ten 十国集团Committee of Twenty(Paris Club) 二十国委员会Coordinating Committee, COCOM 巴黎统筹委员会Caribbean Common Market, CCM, Caribbean Free-Trade Assoc

16、iation, CARIFTA 加勒比共同市场（加勒比贸易同盟）Andeans Common Market, ACM, Andeans Treaty Organization, ATO 安第斯共同市场Latin American Free Trade Association, LAFTA 拉丁美洲贸易联盟Central American Common Market, CACM 中美洲共同市场African and Malagasy Common Organization, OCAM 非洲与马尔加什共同组织East African Common Market, EACM 东非共同市场Centra

17、l African Customs and Economic Union, CEUCA 中非关税经济同盟West African Economic Community, WAEC 西非经济共同体Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, OAPEC 阿拉伯石油输出国组织Commonwealth Preference Area 英联邦特惠区Centre National du Commerce Exterieur

18、, National Center of External Trade 法国对外贸易中心People's Bank of China 中国人银行Bank of China 中国银行International Bank for Reconstruction and development, IBRD 国际复兴开发银行World Bank 世界银行International Development association, IDA 国际开发协会International Monetary Found Agreement 国际货币基金协定International Monetary Foun

19、d, IMF 国际货币基金组织European Economic and Monetary Union 欧洲经济与货币同盟European Monetary Cooperation Fund 欧洲货币合作基金Bank for International Settlements, BIS 国际结算银行African Development Bank, AFDB 非洲开发银行Export-Import Bank of Washington 美国进出口银行National city Bank of New York 花旗银行American Oriental Banking Corporation

20、美丰银行American Express Co. Inc. 美国万国宝通银行The Chase Bank 大通银行Inter-American Development Bank, IDB 泛美开发银行European Investment Bank, EIB 欧洲投资银行Midland Bank,Ltd. 米兰银行United Bank of Switzerland 瑞士联合银行Dresden Bank A.G. 德累斯敦银行Bank of Tokyo,Ltd. 东京银行Hongkong and Shanghai Corporation 香港汇丰银行International Finance

21、Corporation, IFC 国际金融公司La Communaute Financieve Africane 非洲金融共同体Economic and Social Council, ECOSOC 联合国经济及社会理事会United Nations Development Program, NUDP 联合国开发计划署United Nations Capital Development Fund, UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization, UNIDO 联合国工业发展组织United Nations Co

22、nference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD 联合国贸易与发展会议Food and Agricultural Organization, FAO 粮食与农业组织, 粮农组织Economic Commission for Europe, ECE 欧洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Latin America, ECLA 拉丁美洲经济委员会Economic Commission for Asia and Far East, ECAFE 亚洲及远东经济委员会Economic Commission for Western Asia, EC

23、WA 西亚经济委员会Economic Commission for Africa, ECA 非洲经济委员会Overseas Chinese Investment Company 华侨投资公司New York Stock Exchange, NYSE 纽约证券交易所London Stock Market 伦敦贡市场Baltic Mercantile and Shipping Exchange 波罗的海商业和航运交易所receptionist 接待员 typist 打字员key puncher 电脑操作员 stenographer 速记员telephone operator 电话接线员progra

24、mmer 电脑程序员system analyst 系统分析员shorthand typist 速记打字员office girl 女记事员public servants 公务员national public servant 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员tracer 绘图员illustrator 汇稿员saleswoman 女店员pilot 驾驶员simultaneous 同时译员publisher 出版人员graphic designer 美术设计员delivery boy 送报员secret

25、ary 秘书policeman 警察journalist 记者editor 编辑interpreter 通译者director 导演talent 星探actor 男演员actress 女演员photographer 摄影师scholar 学者translator 翻译家novelist 小说家playwright 剧作家linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家economist 经济学家chemist 化学家scientist 科学家philosopher 哲学家politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家astropologist 人类学家archaeologist

26、 考古学家geologist 地质学家expert on folklore 俗学家mathematician 数学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家statistician 统计学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家artists 艺术家painter 画家musician 音乐家composer 作曲家singer 歌唱家designer 设计家sculptor 雕刻家designer 服装设计师宏观经济的 macroeconomic通货膨胀 inflation破产 insolvency有偿还债务能力的 solvent合同 contr

27、act汇率 exchange rate紧缩信贷 tighten credit creation私营部门 private sector财政管理机构 fiscal authorities宽松的财政政策 slack fiscal policy税法 tax bill财政 public finance财政部 the Ministry of Finance平衡预算 balanced budget继承税 inheritance tax货币主义者 monetariest增值税 VAT (value added tax)收入 revenue总需求 aggregate demand货币化 monetization

28、赤字 deficit经济不景气 recessiona period when the economy of a country is not successful, business conditions are bad, industrial production and trade are at a low level and there is a lot of unemployment 经济好转 turnabout复苏 recovery成本推进型 cost push货币供应 money supply生产率 productivity劳动力 labor force实际工资 real wage

29、s成本推进式通货膨胀 cost-push inflation需求拉动式通货膨胀 demand-pull inflation双位数通货膨胀 double- digit inflation极度通货膨胀 hyperinflation长期通货膨胀 chronic inflation治理通货膨胀 to fight inflation最终目标 ultimate goal坏的影响 adverse effect担保 ensure贴现 discount萧条的 sluggish认购 subscribe to支票帐户 checking account货币控制工具 instruments of monetry con

30、trol借据 IOUs(I owe you)本票 promissory notes货币总监 controller of the currency拖收系统 collection system支票清算或结算 check clearing资金划拨 transfer of funds可以相信的证明 credentials 改革 fashion被缠住 entangled货币联盟 Monetary Union再购协议 repo精明的讨价还价交易 horse-trading欧元 euro公共债务 membership criteria汇率机制 REM储备货币 reserve currency劳动密集型 la

31、bor-intensive贡交易所 bourse竞争领先 frontrun牛市 bull market非凡的牛市 a raging bull规模经济 scale economcies买方出价与卖方要价之间的差价 bid-ask spreads期货（贡） futures经济商行 brokerage firm回报率 rate of return贡 equities违约 default现金外流 cash drains经济人佣金 brokerage fee存款单 CD(certificate of deposit营业额 turnover资本市场 capital market布雷顿森林体系 The Br

32、etton Woods System经常帐户 current account套利者 arbitrager远期汇率 forward exchange rate即期汇率 spot rate实际利率 real interest rates货币政策工具 tools of monetary policy银行倒闭 bank failures跨国公司 MNC ( Multi-National Corporation)商业银行 commercial bank商业票据 comercial paper利润 profit本票，期票 promissory notes监督 to monitor佣金（经济人） commi

33、ssion brokers套期保值 hedge有价证券平衡理论 portfolio balance theory外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves固定汇率 fixed exchange rate浮动汇率 floating/flexible exchange rate货币选择权（期货） currency option套利 arbitrage合约价 exercise price远期升水 forward premium多头买升 buying long空头卖跌 selling short按市价订购贡 market order贡经纪人 stockbroker国际货币基金 the

34、 IMF七国集团 the G-7监督 surveillance同业拆借市场 interbank market可兑换性 convertibility软通货 soft currency限制 restriction交易 transaction充分需求 adequate demand短期外债 short term external debt汇率机制 exchange rate regime直接标价 direct quotes资本流动性 mobility of capital赤字 deficit本国货币 domestic currency外汇交易市场 foreign exchange market国际储

35、备 international reserve利率 interest rate资产 assets国际收支 balance of payments贸易差额 balance of trade繁荣 boom债券 bond资本 captial资本支出 captial expenditures商品 commodities商品交易所 commodity exchange期货合同 commodity futures contract普通贡 common stock联合大企业 conglomerate货币贬值 currency devaluation通货紧缩 deflation折旧 depreciation贴

36、现率 discount rate归个人支配的收入 disposable personal income从业人员 employed person汇率 exchange rate财政年度fiscal year企业 free enterprise国生产总值 gross antional product库存 inventory劳动力人数 labor force债务 liabilities市场经济 market economy合并 merger货币收入 money income跨国公司 Multinational Corproation个人收入 personal income优先贡 preferred

37、stock价格收益比率 price-earning ratio优惠贷款利率 prime rate利润 profit回报 return on investment使货币升值 revaluation薪水 salary季节性调整 seasonal adjustment关税 tariff失业人员 unemployed person效用 utility价值 value工资 wages工资价格螺旋上升 wage-price spiral收益 yield补偿贸易 compensatory trade, compensated deal储蓄银行 savings banks欧洲联盟 the European U

38、nion单一的实体 a single entity抵押贷款 mortgage lending业主产权 owner''''s equity普通股 common stock无形资产 intangible assets收益表 income statement营业开支 operating expenses行政开支 administrative expenses现金收支一览表 statement of cash flow贸易中的存货 inventory收益 proceeds投资银行 investment bank机构投资者 institutional investor垄断

39、兼并委员会 MMC招标发行 issue by tender定向发行 introduction代销 offer for sale直销 placing公开发行 public issue信贷额度 credit line国际债券 international bonds欧洲货币Eurocurrency利差 interest margin以所借的钱作抵押所获之贷款 leveraged loan权利股发行 rights issues净收入比例结合 net income gearing外贸中常见英文缩略词1 C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价2 T/T(telegraphictra

40、nsfer)电汇3 D/P(document against payment)付款交单4 D/A(document against acceptance)承兑交单5 C.O (certificate oforigin)一般原产地证6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制7CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱8 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等9DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元10 DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打11PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等12 WT(weight)重

41、量13 G.W.(grossweight)毛重14 N.W.(net weight)净重15 C/D (customsdeclaration)报关单16 EA(each)每个，各17 W (with)具有18w/o(without)没有19 FAC(facsimile)传真20IMP(import)进口21 EXP（export)出口22 MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的23 MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度24 M 或MED(medium)中等，中级的25 M/V（merchant vessel)商船26S.S(steamship)船运27 MT或M/T(metric t

42、on)公吨28 DOC(document)文件、单据29 INT（international)国际的30 P/L (packinglist)装箱单、明细表31 INV (invoice)发票32 PCT(percent)百分比33 REF （reference)参考、查价34 EMS （express mailspecial)特快传递35 STL.(style)式样、款式、类型36T或LTX或TX(telex)电传37 RMB（renminbi)人币38 S/M （shippingmarks)装船标记39 PR或PRC(price) 价格40 PUR(purchase)购买、购货41 S/C（

43、sales contract)销售确认书42 L/C （letter ofcredit)信用证43 B/L （bill of lading)提单44 FOB （free onboard)离岸价45 CIF（cost,insurance&freight)成本、保险加运费价补充：CR=credit贷方，债主DR=debt借贷方（注意：国外常说的debtcard，就是银行卡，creditcard就是信誉卡。这里都是指银行和财务公司说的，你的银行卡，是你将钱放入银行，银行是“借贷方”，所以叫做debt卡。用credit卡，是你从银行或者财政公司借钱，银行或公司是“贷方”，所就叫credit.）

44、Exp=Expense花费，费用O/H=overhead常用开支TC=totalcost总费用FC=fixed cost常设费用VC=variablecost变动费用P=profit竟利润S=sales销售总额Rev=revenue利润MC=marginalcost费用差额GM=gross margin毛利MR=marginalrevenue利润差额A/R=acount receivable待收款（销售后，记账以后收取。）A/P=accountpayable代付费（花费后记账，以后付费。）PMT=payment支付款N/I=netincome纯收入AMT=amount数额DCT=discoun

45、t打折OCCUPATION & EMPLOYMENT 职业与就业accountant n. 会计air hostess 女乘务员，空姐applicant n. 申请人appoint v. 任命appointment n. 任命assistant n. 助理attendant n. 服务员auditor n. 查帐员banker n. 银行家barber n. 为男士理发的理发师book keeper n. 记帐员broker n. 经纪人businessman n. 商人buyer n. 采购员capable a. 有能力的career n. 职业certificate n. 证书ch

46、emist n. 药剂师clerk n. 办事员current (present) post 现在的工作dentist n. 牙医designer n. 设计家detective n. 侦探diploma n. 文凭，学位director n. 长（主任）dismiss v. 解雇drawer n. 出票人，开票人，抽屉employee n. 雇员employer n. 雇主engineer n. 工程师executive n. 行政官experienced staff 有经验的雇员freelance n. 职业者（作家、演员等）full-time job 专职工作graduate n. 毕业

47、生hairdresser n. 理发师interview n. v. 面试job agency 职业介绍所judge n. 法官laborer n. 劳工landlady n. 女房东lawyer n. 律师manager n. 经理managing director n. 总经理manufacturer n. 制造商newsagent n. 报刊销售人newspaper reporter 记者office worker 办公室工作人员officer n. 官员operator n. 接线员out of work 失业packer n. 包装工part-time job 非专职工作perman

48、ent job 固定职业photographer n. 照相师pilot n. 飞行员politician n. 政治家postman n. 邮递员president n. 总裁，董事长previous job 以前的工作price controller 物价员prime minister 总理principal n. 校长producer n. 制造者professor n. 教授purchaser n. 采购员qualification n. 资格quality controller 质量管理员receptionist n. 接待员recommend v. 推荐redundancy n.

49、过剩，多余，累赘redundant a. 过剩的，多余的，累赘的resign v. 辞职resume n. 简历retailer n. 零售商retire v. 退休sack v. n. 解雇sales rep(representative) 销售代表salesman n. 销售员scientist n. 科学家secretary n. 秘书shop assistant 售货员shopkeeper n. 店主skilled workers 技术工人specialist n. 专家specialize in v. 专长staff recruitment 雇员招聘supervisor n. 主管人

50、temporary job 临时职业to apply for 申请to take on 雇佣typist n. 打字员unemployment n. 失业vacancy n. 空缺（职位）wholesaler n. 批发商workforce n. 劳动力TYPES OF COMPANY & BUSINESS 行业名称banking n. 银行业construction n. 建筑业correspondence n. 通信education n. 教育electronics n. 电子学entertainments n. 娱乐finance n. 财经，金融health n. 保健imp

51、ort/ export n.v. 进/出口manufacture n. 制造业press n. 报刊，新闻界printing n. 印刷业producing n. 生产业programming n. 编程publishing n. 出版science n. 科学telecommunications n. 通讯trade union n. 工会transporting n. 运输DIVISIONS & DEPARTMENTS 公司部门accounts n. 会计部administration n. 行政管理部advertising n. 广告部assembly line 装配线assem

52、bly plant 装配工厂canteen n. 餐厅，小卖部clinic n. 门诊所customer account 帐务部distribution n. 分销部financial services 财务服务部forwarding company 运输公司group n. 集团head office 总部headquarters n. 总部human resources 人力资源部maintenance n. 维修部management n. 管理部marketing n. 营销部packaging n. 包装部personnel n. 人事部production n. 生产部public

53、 relations 公关部purchasing n. 采购部quality control 质量管理部research and development 调研部sales n. 销售部training n. 培训部wages and salaries 工资部常用缩略语表accounts帐目aerospace太空algebra(alg)代数学(代数)anatomy(anat)解剖学(解剖)architecture(archit)建筑学(建筑)arithmetic(arith)算术(算术)art艺术astronomy(astron)天文学(天文)ballet芭蕾舞biblical圣经的，圣经中的(

54、圣经)biology(biol)生物学(生物)book-keeping传记botany(bot)植物学(植物)business贸易(贸易)chemistry (chem)化学(化学)cinema电影commerce(comm)商业(商)computer(comp) 电子计算机(计算机)cricket 板球戏ecclesiastical(eccles)教会的(教会)engineering(eng)工程学(工程)electricity(electr)电学(电)farming 农业finance(fin)财政学(财政)football足球gambling赌博geology(geol)地质学(地质)g

55、eometry(geom)几何学(几何)grammar(gram)文法(文法)history(hist)历史(史)journalism新闻学legal法律linguistics(ling)语言学(语言)mathematics(maths)数学(数学)mechanics(mech) 机械学(机械)medical(med)医学(医)meteorology(met)气象学(气象)military(mil)军语(军)music音乐mythology(myth) 神话nautical(naut)航海(航海)pathology(path) 病理学philosophy(phil)哲学(哲)phonetics

56、(phon) 语言学(语言)photography(photo)摄影术(摄影)physics(phys)物理学(物理)physiology(physiol)生理学(生理)politics(pol)政治学(政治)psychology(psych)心理学(心理)racing赛马，赛车radio telegraphy(radio)无线电报(无线电)rugger橄榄球science 科学sport运动tennis网球theatre 戏剧trigonometry(trig)三角学(三角)zoology(zool)动物学(动物)centre of population 城市city 城capital 首都

57、metropolis 大都市centre 市中心(美作:center)shopping centre 商业区municipality 市政当局municipal 市的,市政的district 区residential area 居区,住宅区urban 市区的suburb 近郊区outskirts 郊区slums 贫窟,贫区shantytown 贫区village 村hamlet 小村hole, dump 狭小破旧的住房locality 所在地Chinese quarter 唐人街extension 范围,扩展house 房子building 楼房skyscraper 摩天楼flat 居住单元,

58、套房shop, store 商店department stores 百货公司bazar, bazaar 市场market 市场,集市junk shop 旧货店newsstand 报摊Commodity Exchange 商品交易所Stock Exchange 贡交易所town hall 市政厅Lawcourt 法院church 教堂cathedral 大教堂chapel 小礼拜堂cemetery 墓地,公墓grave, tomb 坟,墓school 学校university 大学library 图书馆theatre 剧院 (美作:theater)museum 博物馆zoological garden 动物园fairground, fun fair 游乐园stadium 体育场gener