简析马克吐温在《汤姆索亚历险记》中使用的写作手法英语毕业论文

1、本科毕业论文简析马克吐温在汤姆索亚历险记中使用的写作手法AnAnalysisofMarkTwain'sWritTegniquesinTheAdventuresofTomSawyer毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。作者签名：日期：指导教师签名：日期：使

2、用授权说明本人完全了解大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。作者签名：日期：学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律

3、后果由本人承担。作者签名：日期：年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名：日期：年月日导师签名：日期：年月日注意事项1设计（论文）的内容包括：1）封面（按教务处制定的标准封面格式制作）2）原创性声明3）中文摘要（300字左右）、关键词4）外文摘要、关键词5）目次页（附件不统一编入）6）论文主体部分：引言（或绪论）、正

4、文、结论7）参考文献8）致谢9）附录（对论文支持必要时）2. 论文字数要求：理工类设计（论文）正文字数不少于1万字（不包括图纸、程序清单等），文科类论文正文字数不少于1.2万字。3附件包括：任务书、开题报告、外文译文、译文原文（复印件）。4文字、图表要求：1）文字通顺，语言流畅，书写字迹工整，打印字体及大小符合要求，无错别字，不准请他人代写2）工程设计类题目的图纸，要求部分用尺规绘制，部分用计算机绘制，所有图纸应符合国家技术标准规范。图表整洁，布局合理，文字注释必须使用工程字书写，不准用徒手画3）毕业论文须用A4单面打印，论文50页以上的双面打印4）图表应绘制于无格子的页面上5）软件工程类课题

5、应有程序清单，并提供电子文档5.装订顺序1）设计（论文）2）附件：按照任务书、开题报告、外文译文、译文原文（复印件）次序装指导教师评阅书指导教师评价：一、撰写（设计）过程1、学生在论文（设计）过程中的治学态度、工作精神优良中及格口不及格2、学生掌握专业知识、技能的扎实程度优良中及格口不及格3、学生综合运用所学知识和专业技能分析和解决问题的能力优良中及格口不及格4、研究方法的科学性；技术线路的可行性；设计方案的合理性优良中及格口不及格5、完成毕业论文（设计）期间的出勤情况优良中及格口不及格二、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？优良中及格口不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设

6、计）任务（包括装订及附件）？优良中及格口不及格三、论文（设计）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义优良中及格口不及格2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？优良中及格口不及格3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平优良中及格口不及格建议成绩：优良中及格不及格（在所选等级前的内画“丿”）指导教师：（签名）单位：（盖章）年月曰评阅教师评阅书评阅教师评价：一、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？优良中及格口不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？优良中及格口不及格二、论文（设计）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义优

7、良中及格口不及格2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？优良中及格口不及格3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平优良中及格口不及格建议成绩：口优良中及格不及格（在所选等级前的内画“厂）评阅教师：（签名）单位：（盖章）年月日教研室（或答辩小组）及教学系意见教研室（或答辩小组）评价：一、答辩过程1、毕业论文（设计）的基本要点和见解的叙述情况优良中及格口不及格2、对答辩问题的反应、理解、表达情况优良中及格口不及格3、学生答辩过程中的精神状态优良中及格口不及格二、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？优良中及格口不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？优良中

8、及格口不及格三、论文（设计）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义优良中及格口不及格2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？优良中及格口不及格3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平优良中及格口不及格评定成绩：优良中及格不及格教研室主任（或答辩小组组长）：（签名）年月曰教学系意见：系主任：（签名）年月曰ContentI.Introduction1II. MarkTwainandTheAdventureofTomSawyer12.1 MarkTwain'sLifeExperience12.2 ABriefIntroductionofTheAdventuresofTomS

9、awyer3III. WritingTechniquesReflectedintheWork43.1 Humor43.2 Satire53.3 ColloquialLanguage63.3.1 LocalColor73.3.2 VernacularLanguage.73.4 FiguresofSpeech83.4.1 Exaggeration83.4.2 Metaphor93.4.3 Transferredepithet103.4.4 Metonymy10IVConclusion11Bibliography12AbstractMarkTwain,amastermindofhumorandsat

10、ire,isseenasagiantinworldliterature.Hishumorhadgreatimpactonthefollowingmenofletters.HeproducedtheworldfamousjuvenileworkTheAdventureofTomSawyerwhichreflectedhisownlifeexperience.Heproducedcountlesssuccessfulworkslovedbypeopleformdifferentcountries.Untiltoday,hisworksarestillreadbypeoplealloverthewo

11、rld.Thethesispresentssomeofthewritingfeatureswhichcontributedtohissuccesssuchashumor,satirecolloquiallanguageandvariousfiguresofspeechandsomeoftheillustrationsfromthework.Thethesisconsistsoffourparts.ThefirstpartofthebodytellsthelifeexperienceofMarkTwainandhisfamousworkTheAdventureofTomSawyer.Thepar

12、tfollowing,whichisalsothethemethatisdiscussedinthethesis,isadetailedanalysistosomeofthewritingtechniquessuchashumor,satirewhichMarkTwainappliedinhiswork.Thispartspecificallystateshowhecreatedavividandexpressiveimagetohisreaderswiththeapplicationofthewritingtechniquesandwhatkindofeffectsheachievedthr

13、oughthisbysomeoftheexamplesfromTwain'work.ThelastpartisaconclusionoftheachievementsandbrillianceMarkTwainhavegot.MarkTwaindepictstherealworldaroundhimwithvividandanimatedwordswhichshowshistruefeelingstotheworld.KeyWords:MarkTwain;TomSawyer;writingtechniques美国的幽默大师和现实主义作家马克土温，被看作一位世界文学巨匠。他的幽默对其后辈

14、文人产生了巨大的影响批评家对此亦高度重视并就此提出了不同的阐释他创作了闻名世界的儿童著作汤姆索亚历险记，从本书中读者们可以感受到马克吐温的生活经历。除了汤姆索亚历险记，他还创作了许多名著深受全世界读者的喜爱，直到今天，全世界的人任在读他的作品。本文介绍了一些促成马克吐温成功的写作特点如幽默、讽刺、口语化的语言，不同修辞手法以及他文中的一些例句。本文由四部分组成。正文的第一部分讲述了马克吐温的生活经历与其作品汤姆索亚历险记。紧接着的部分，也就是本文的主题，详细分析了马克吐温应用于其作品的写作手法如幽默，讽刺等。这一部分详细陈述了马克吐温是如何利用这些写作手法为读者们创造出生动的形象并通过文中的一

15、些例句来展示他达到了怎样的效果。最后一个部分是对马克吐温的成就和辉煌的一个总结。马克吐温用生动形象的文字把包含他真实感情的真实的世界展现给了他的读者们。关键词：马克吐温；汤姆索亚；写作手法AnAnalysisofMarkTwain'sWritingTechniquesinTheAdventuresofTomSawyerI. IntroductionMostofMarkTwain'sworksaredirectedagainsttheAmericansociety.Heisgoodatusingextremetechnique,enlargetheuglyphenomenonto

16、thereaders,letthemfindoutwhatisright,whatiswrongbythemselves.Forthisreason,MarkTwainhasalotofaudiencesinthewholeworld.Hisworkshavepracticalsignificances,deservingtoanalyze.ThisthesisusesseveralpointstoexpoundMarkTwain'swritingstyle.Hishumorousstyleisdifferentfromthatofotherauthors.MarkTwain'

17、shumorisremarkable,itisfuntoreadTwainatfirst,formostofhisworkstendtobefunny,containingsomepracticaljokes,comicdetails,wittyremarksandsoon,andsomeofthemareactuallytalltales.Today,mostoftheauthorsstillchooseMarkTwain'shumorousstyleasthemaintechniqueintheirliteraryworks,becauseitisthebestweapontoat

18、tackthedarkness,couldshowtheauthor'sideasbetterthananyotherways.II. MarkTwainandTheAdventureofTomSawyerAsanoutstandingwriter,humorist,critic.MarkTwainislovedbypeopleallaroundtheworld.Hisworkshadbeentranslatedintoseveralotherlanguagesacrosstheuniverse.TheAdventureofTomSawyerisoneofhismostsuccessf

19、uljuvenileworkswhichisstillabestsellertoday.ThebookwaswrittenpartlybasedonTwain'sownlifeexperience.Sowhenthereadersarereadingthroughthebook,theycouldimagineavividimageofyoungMarkTwain.2.1 MarkTwain9sLifeExperienceMarkTwain(pseudonymofSamuelLanghorneClemens,1835-1910),wasanAmericanwriter,journali

20、standhumorist,whowonaworldwideaudienceforhisstoriesoftheyouthfuladventuresofTomSawyerandHuckleberryFinn.ClemenswasbornonNovember30,1835inFlorida,Missouri,ofaVirginianfamily.HewasbroughtupinHannibal,Missouri.ThelifeofwhichcontributedtotheconstructionofthefictionaltownofSt.PetersburginTheAdventuresofT

21、omSawyerandAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.Afterhisfather'sdeathin1847,hewasapprenticedtoaprinterandwroteforhisbrother'snewspaper.AndlaterHeworkedasalicensedMississippiriver-boatpilot,whichprovidedhimwithsufficientmaterialsforhimandinspiredhimtothecreationofmanygreatworks.TheCivilWarputanendtoth

22、esteamboattrafficandClemensmovedtoVirginiaCity,whereheeditedtheTerritorialEnterprise.OnFebruary3,1863,'MarkTwain'wasbornwhenClemenssignedahumoroustravelaccountwiththatpseudonym.In1864TwainleftforCalifornia,andworkedinSanFranciscoasajournalist.Therehegothisfirstsuccessasawriterforhishumoroust

23、alltale.HevisitedHawaiiasacorrespondentforTheSacramentoUnion,publishinglettersonhistripandgivinglectures.ThenHesetoutonaworldtour,travelinginFranceandItaly.Histraveloguewasrecordedin1869inTheInnocentsAbroad,whichgainedhimwidepopularity,andpokedfunatbothAmericanandEuropeanprejudicesandmanners.Thesucc

24、essasawritergaveTwainenoughfinancialsecuritytomarryOliviaLangdonin1870whomTwainclaimedtohavefalleninloveatfirstsight.Thenextyear,theymovedtoHartford.TwaincontinuedtogivelectureintheUnitedStatesandworkedasaneditorandwriterintheBuffaloExpress.Between1876and1884hepublishedseveralmasterpieces,TheAdventu

25、resofTomSawyer(1881)andThePrinceAndThePauper(1881).LifeOnTheMississippiappearedin1883andTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnin1884.Twainmadeasubstantialamountofmoneythroughhiswriting,buthelostagreatdealthroughinvestments,mostlyinnewinventionsandtechnology.Inthe1890sTwainlostmostofhisearningsinfinancialspe

26、culationsandinthefailureofhisownpublishingfirm.Torecoverfromthebankruptcy,hestartedaworldlecturetour,duringwhichoneofhisdaughtersdied.TwaintouredNewZealand,Australia,India,andSouthAfrica.HewrotesuchbooksasTheTragedyOfPudd'headWilson(1884),PersonalRecollectionsOfJoanOfArc(1885),AConnecticutYankee

27、inKingArthur'sCourt(1889)andthetravelogueFollowingTheEquator(1897).Duringhislongwritingcareer,Twainalsoproducedaconsiderablenumberofessays."'Advicetoyouth”and"Courage"Miseryandsufferingsbeatthemanwhomakestheworldlaugh.Thedeathofhiswifeandhisseconddaughterdarkenedtheauthor'

28、slateryears,whichisseeninhisposthumouslypublishedautobiography(1924).TwaindiedonApril21,1910.Hisfuneralwasatthe"OldBrick"PresbyterianChurchinNewYork.Heisburiedinhiswife'sfamilyplotatWoodlawnCemeteryinElmira,NewYork.Hisgraveismarkedbya12-foot(i.e.,twofathoms,or"marktwain")monu

29、ment.2.2 ABriefIntroductionofTheAdventuresofTomSawyerTheAdventuresofTomSawyerisaliterarymasterpieces,writtenin1876isachild'sadventurestorybythefamousauthorMarkTwain.TomSawyerisamischievousyoungboywholivesinthesmalltownontheMississippiRivercalledSt.Petersburg.TomSawyerissaucyandnaturallyshow-off,

30、wholikestoshowhisauthorityovertheotherboys.Heisa13yearsoldboywhowasborninatownontheMississippiRiver,whereheandHuck-hisbestfriend,grewup.Tomisintendedtorepresentthecarefreeandwonderfulworldofboyhoodintheantebellumera.Thestorylineissimple,thebookreadslikeabiographyoramemoirofasummerinTomSawyer'sli

31、fe.TomSawyerseemstobetheprecursorofandthetemplateformisfitkidssuchasDennistheMenace,MalcolmintheMiddle,andCalvinandHobbs.WhatmakesthisstorygreatisthatTomSawyerrepresentseverythingthatisgreataboutchildhood.ThebookisfilledwithTom'sadventuresplayingpiratesandwarwithhisfriendJoeHarper.Tomhasatrusted

32、friend,HuckFinn,whofewoftheadultsapproveof.Thebookisfilledwithideasofhowtheworldworks,suchashowpiratesandrobberswork,thataresoinnocent,theycouldonlycomefromachild.Itisastoryfilledwithaction,adventure,ingeniousideas,love,andschoolyardpolitics.Thewholestoryisseeminglyacomplicationofwhatpeopledidorwish

33、theydidduringtheirchildhood.OneofAmerica'sbest-lovedtales,TomSawyerhasadoubleappeal.First,itappealstotheyoungadolescentastheexcitingadventuresofatypicalboyduringthemid-nineteenthcentury,adventuresthatarestillintriguinganddelightfulbecausetheyappealtothebasicinstinctsofnearlyallyoungpeople,regard

34、lessoftimeorculture.Second,thenovelappealstotheadultreaderwholooksbackonhisorherownchildhoodwithfondreminiscences.Thus,thenovelisacombinationofthepastandthepresent,ofthewell-rememberedeventsfromchildhoodtoldinsuchawayastoevokeremembrancesintheadultmind.Thetaleisverydramaticallywrought,andthesubordin

35、atecharactersaretreatedwiththesamegraphicforcethatsetsTomalivebeforeus.Theworthlessvagabond,HuckFinn,isentirelydelightfulthroughout,andinhispromisedreformhisidentityisrespected:hewillleadadecentlifeinorderthathemayonedaybethoughtworthytobecomeamemberofthatgangofrobberswhichTomistoorganize.Tom'sa

36、untisexcellent,withherkindheart'ssorrowandsecretprideinTom;andsoishissisterMary,oneofthosegoodgirlswhoareborntousefulnessandcharityandforbearanceandunvaryingrectitude.Manyvillagepeopleandlocalnotablesareintroducedinwell-conceivedcharacter;thewholelittletownlivesinthereader'ssense,withitsreli

37、giousness,itslawlessness,itsdrollsocialdistinctions,itscivilizationqualifiedbyitsslave-holding,anditstraditionsofthewilderWestwhichhaspassedaway.ThepicturewillbeinstructivetothosewhohavefanciedthewholeSouthwestasortofvastPikeCounty,andhavenotconceivedofasoberandseriousandorderlycontrasttothesortofli

38、fethathascometorepresenttheSouthwestinliterature.AlthoughTomSawyerissetinasmalltownalongthewesternfrontieronthebanksofthelegendaryMississippiRiversometimeduringthe1840s,readersfromallpartsoftheworldrespondtothevariousadventuresexperiencedbyTomandhisbandoffriends.TheappealofthenovelliesmostlyinTwain&

39、#39;sabilitytocapture-orrecapture-universalexperiencesanddreamsandfearsofchildhood.IllWritingTechniquesReflectedintheWorkWhateverMarkTwainwritesisprettysureofaneagerpopularrecognition.Anditisduetohimtosaythathefindshisreadersandadmirersallaroundtheworld.Hisapplicationofhumor,satireandcolloquiallangu

40、agetohisworkbestowedhimthemostpowerfulweapontowinhimtheoutstandingstatusinhistoryofliterature.31HumorTheword“Humor”inEnglishoriginatedfromancientLatin,"Liquid"or"Fluid",whichoriginallyreferstooneofthefourhumors(i.e.,blood,mucus,bile,depressionfluid)thatplayadecisiveroleinhumannat

41、ureandhealth.Itwaslaterextendedtothemeaningoftoday'shumor.Humorisoneofthemostcomplexmechanismsofhumanlanguage.Accordingtotheirdifferentlifeexperiences,differentsocialcontext,differentwritingstyle,writersdefersgreatlyintheirwayofexpression.Someexpresstheirmeaningdirectly;someothersaresubtleandind

42、irectintheexpressionoftheirthoughtsandfeelings.Humorisalwaysshowedintheindirectway.Humorisamongthemostimportantingredientsthatmakesatireinterestingandattractive.Buthumoriscertainlymultifaceted.Itmaybeaggressiveandderisive,itcanbeplayfulorintelligent,itcanevenbeseriousassatire.;itcannotbefalse.Humorc

43、annotdeserttruth.MarkTwain,whowasextremelygiftedinhumor,usedhistalentinTheAdventureofTomSawyer,whichhasbecomeAmericanhumor's“masterpieceaswellasMarkTheAdventuresofTomSawyeristhefirstnovelwhichMarkTwainwroteindependently.Inthisnovel,MarkTwaincreateavivid,delicateandlovelyboyTomandacolorfulworldwh

44、ichbelongtohiminthethirdpersonwithafriendlyeasy-goingtone.Onthehumorousandcleveruseofirony,theauthorcriticizedthecurrentsocialvulgar,socialinstitutions,andallkindsofpeopleinsociety.MarkTwaincombinesotherealmaterialandthehumortogethertoformhisownuniquewritingstylewhichisfrequentlyappliedtohiswork.Mr.

45、Lusaid:"Theironyfromlifeistherealirony.”Onlywhenoneisinvolvedinthereallifecouldonegraspthesurprisehidinginthecommonsocialphenomenacouldwediscoverandcreategoodhumor.SoLifeisthesourceofhumor,andhumorcouldonlybereflectedfullybylife.MarkTwain'shumoristhecase.MarkTwaininheritedthe19thcenturyhumo

46、rouswritingstylesoftheearlyAmericanwesternliteratureofpopularity.Besides,becauseofMarkTwainownwritingfeatures,.Heusedexpressivewordssothatthecharactersinhisworklooksvivid.Thecarefullyusedwordsgivethesimpleimagesaspecialeffect.Heperfectlycombinedtherealismandhumortogethercriticizesthedarksociety.Hisd

47、oesn'tnotonlycreateauniquehumorouswritingstyle,butalsoinfluencemanyAmericanartistsandauthors.3.2SatireSatireisprimarilyaliterarygenreorform,althoughinpracticeitcanalsobefoundinthegraphicandperformingarts.Insatire,vices,follies,abuses,andshortcomingsarehelduptoridicule,ideallywiththeintentofshami

48、ngindividuals,andsocietyitself,intoimprovement.Althoughsatireisusuallymeanttobefunny,itsgreaterpurposeisoftenconstructivesocialcriticism,usingwitasaweapon.Acommonfeatureofsatireisstrongironyorsarcasm"insatire,ironyismilitant"2butparody,burlesque,exaggeration,juxtaposition,comparison,analog

49、y,anddoubleentendreareallfrequentlyusedinsatiricalspeechandwriting.This"militant"ironyorsarcasmoftenprofessestoapprove(oratleastacceptasnatural)theverythingsthesatiristwishestoattack.IntheAdventureofTomSawyer,Twaindoesnotconfinehimselftotellingasimplechildren'sstory.Heis,asalways,thesa

50、tiristandcommentatoronthefoiblesofhumannature.Astheauthorialcommentator,Twainoftenstepsinandcommentsontheabsurdityofhumannature.InTomSawyer,heiscontentwithmildadmonitionsaboutthehumanrace.Forexample,afterTomhastrickedtheotherboysintopaintingthefenceforhim,thevoiceofTwain,theauthor,pointsoutthegullib

51、ilityofman:”.thaninordertomakeamanoraboycovetathing,itisonlynecessarytomakethethingdifficulttoattain.”Therearestrongersatires.Twainisconstantlysatirizingthehypocrisyfoundinmanyreligiousobservances.Forexample,intheSundayschoolepisode,thereareaspectsofreligionsatirized,asTwainpointsoutthatoneboyhadmem

52、orizedsomanyversesoftheBiblesoastowinprizes一moreBibleselegantlyillustratedthat“thestrainuponhismentalfacultieswastoogreat,andhewaslittlebetterthananidiotfromthatdayforward.”Theadults'reactiontoInjunJoeandhismalevolenceisatypicalTwaincommentaryonsociety;theadultscreatepetitionstofreeJoewhohasalre

53、adykilled,soitwasbelieved,five”citizensofthevillage,butwhatofthat?IfhehadbeenSatanhimselftherewouldhavebeenplentyofweaklingsreadytoscribbletheirnamestoapardonpetition,anddripatearonitfromtheirpermanentlyimpairedandleakywaterworks.”Twaincriticizestheadultattitudesandbehaviorsthroughoutthenovel.Thatis

54、partoftheconflict:thematurationofayouthintoadulthoodconflictingwiththedisapprovaloftheadultbehaviorsthatexist.Itisthisdoublevisionthatraisesthenovelabovethelevelofaboy'sadventurestory.3.3ColloquialLanguageAnotherfactorthatmadeMarkTwainuniqueishismagicpowerwithlanguage,hisuseofcolloquiallanguage.

55、“Inhishands,comicjargonanddialectbecameafinishedliteraryweapon,unemphatic,visual,anddeceptivelysimple,soundinglikespeechandyetnotquitethesame”.Atthattime,MarkTwainadoptstheAmericancolloquiallanguages,hammeringitintoshapeagainandagain.Hiswordsarevivid,concreteanddirectineffect,andhissentencestructure

56、saresimple,evenungrammatical,whichistypicalofthespokenlanguage.AndMarkTwainskillfullyusedthecolloquialismtocasthisprotagonistsintheireverydaylife.What'smore,hischaracters,confinedtoaparticularregionandtoaparticularhistoricalmoment,speakwithastrongaccent,whichistrueofhislocalcolorism.Besides,diff

57、erentcharactersfromdifferentliteraryorculturalbackgroundstalkdifferently,asisthecasewithTom.Indeed,withhisgreatmasterandeffectiveuseofvernacular,MarkTwainhasmadecolloquialspeechanaccepted,respectableliterarymediumintheliteraryhistoryofthecountry.Hisstyleoflanguagewaslatertakenupbyhisdescendants,Sher

58、woodAndersonandErnestHemingway,andinfluencedgenerationsofletters.3.3.1 LocalColorLocalcolorasatrendfirstmadeitspresenceinthelate1860sandearlyseventies.Itwastheoutgrowthofhistoricalandaestheticforcesthatbeengatheringenergysinceearlynineteenthcentury.SincethenlocalcolorbecamedominateinAmericanLiteratu

59、re.OneofthemostimportantwritingfeaturesofMarkTwainistheuseofLocalcolorism.Twainreferstotheelements,whichcharacterizealocalculture,elementssuchasspeech,customs,andalsoaparticularplaceaslocalcolorism.Localcoloristsconcernedthemselveswithpresentingandinterpretingthelocalcharacteroftheirregions.Theytendedtoidentifyandglorify,buttheyneverforgottokeepaneyeonthetruthfulcoloroflocallife.Twaindepictedsocial