西方文化练习2解析

1、AGuidetoWesternCultureDirections:Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonewhichbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.IKL*彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、«J>I彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、1. believedthatthehighestgoo

2、dinlifewaspleasure,freedomfrompainandemotionalupheaval.A. SophistsB.CynicsC.SkepticsD.Epicureans2. issaidtohavetoldthekingofSyracuse:"Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld."A. ArchimedesB.AristotleC.PlatoD.Euclid3. IncreasinglytroubledbytheinroadsofnorthemtribessuchasGoths,theWestRomanE

3、mpirefinallycollapsedinA. 395B.27C.1453D.4764. TheCityofGodwaswrittenby,themostimportantofalltheleadersofChristianthought.A. JesusB.AugustineC.ThomasAquinasD.MartinLuther5. wasapainter,asculptor,anarchitect,amusician,anengineer,andascientistaRenaissancemaninthetruesenseoftheword.A. MichelangeloB.Rap

4、haelC.ShakespeareD.LeonardoDaVinci6. In,Cervantessatirizedaverypopulartypeofliteratureatthetime,theromanceofchivalry.A. DonQuixoteB.HamletC.LeviathanD.TheLifeandSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe7. Thebest-knownbookwrittenbyThomasMoreis,whichdescribesanidealnon-Christianstatewhereeverybodylivesasi

5、mplelifeandsharesthegoodsincommon,possessesagoodknowledgeofLatin,fightsnowarandenjoysfullfreedominreligiousbelief.A. ThePraiseoftheFollyB.AsYouLikeItC.DivineComedyD.Utopia8. ,authorofPrince,isregardedas"fatherofpoliticalscience"intheWest.A. MachiavelliB.DanteC.BaconD.Locke9.InTheRevolution

6、ofHeavenlyOrbs,putforwardhistheorythatthesun,nottheearth,isthecenteroftheuniverse.A. KeplerB.GalileoC.NewtonD.Copernicus10. Duringthecentury,themodernscientificmethodbegantotakeshape,whichemphasizedobservationandexperimentationbeforeformulatingafinalexplanationorgeneralization.A. 18thB.15thC.16thD.1

7、7th11. said,"Knowledgeispower."A. .IsaacNewtonB.FrancisBaconC.JohnLockeD.Marx12. InFaust,drewonanimmensevarietyofculturalmaterialtheological,mythological,philosophical,political,economic,scientific,aesthetic,musical,andliterary.A. GoetheB.DefoeC.RousseauD.Byron13. Whichofthefollowingisnotr

8、egardedasaromanticwriter?A. WordsworthB.ShelleyC.PushkinD.Balzac14. ThemostfrequentthemesofRomanticismincludeallofthefollowingexceptA. thepowerofreasonB.individualfreedomC.spontaneityD.loveofnature15. "Ifwintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?"istheendinglineof"OdetotheWestWind"by.A. W

9、ordsworthB.KeatsC.PushkinD.Shelley16. ThecomposerofSwanLakewas,ageniusinsymphonicmusic.A.TchaikovskyB.ChopinC.BeethovenD.Mozart17. ThenaturalistschoolfoundedbyZolainlate19thcenturyintended.A. toattacktheindustrialinjusticeandurbanevilsB. togivefullplaytotheimaginationofindividualsC. toupholdtheclass

10、icalvaluessuchasharmony,balance,proportionandretraintD. todemonstratethelawofhumanconductbyascientificstudyof"asliceoflife"18. WhichofthefollowingnovelswasnotwrittenbyTolstoy?A.ResurrectionB.WarandPeaceC.CrimeandPunishmentD.AnnaKarenina19. Inhispoems,WaltWhitmansangpraisesofallofthefollowi

11、ngvalueexceptA.democracyB. thedignityoftheindividualC. theidyllicwayoflifeD.thebrotherhoodofman20. Modernismwascharacterizedby.A. aconsciousrejectionofestablishedrules,traditionsandconventionsB. theexplorationoftheinnerlifeoftheindividualandthepsychopathologyofhumanrelationsC. itsintenseinterestinth

12、ebizarre,themysterious,theunpredictableandtheformlessD. alloftheabove.J21. Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentin.A. 1,200B.C.B.5thcenturyB.C.C.4thcenturyB.C.D.146B.C.2. ThemasterpieceofengineeringinRomanarchitectureis.A. thePathenonB.theColossseumC.She-wolfD.theIonicstyleoftemple3. TheOldTest

13、amentoftheBibleisabout.A. GodB.thedoctrineofJesusChristC.theLawsofGodD.AandC4. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A. JesuswasborninGalilee.B. Jesuswasborninasynagogue.C. Jesuswasbornintoapoorcarpenter'sfamily.D. Jesuswasbornintoamerchant'sfamily.5. FeudalisminEuropewasmainlyasystemof.A. mil

14、itaryserviceB.landholdingC.governmentD.BandC6. WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheGothicstyleinarchitecture?A. TheGothicstyleflourishedinthe18thcentury.B. TheGothicstylestartedinFrance.C. SculptureofGothicstylechurcheswerebasedonthenaturalforces.D. Gothicstylechurchesweresolidbutsmall.7. Ren

15、aissancemeanstherevivalofinterestin.A.ancientGreekcultureB.ancientRomancultureC.theBibleD.AandB8. ThereasonsforthedeclineofrenaissanceinItalyare.A. warsandclassconflictsB. lossofsupremacyinworldtradeasaresultofthediscoveryofthenewworldandroutestoIndiaC. thetighteningofcontroloftheRomanCatholicChurch

16、overthought,speechandpublicationD. alloftheabove9. Whichofthefollowingdiedaprisoner?B.NewtonD.GalileoA. CopernicusC.KeplerA.ThomasHobbesB.FrancisBaconC.JohnLockeD.AandC11. Ineconomicthought,theenlightenmentthinkersfavored.A.governmentinterventionB.balanceddevelopmentC.thepolicyoflaissezfaireD.strict

17、regulation12. Theauthorof"TheSorrowsofYoungWerther"is.B.DefoeD.Kant10. Thetheoryofthesocialcontractwasexpoundedby.A.GoetheC.Schiller13. TheLakersreferto.B.ByronandShellyD.NoneoftheaboveA.WordsworthandColeridgeC.WilliamBlakeandKeats14. ThelaterRomanticsinmusicrefertoA. SchumanandChopinB.Ver

18、diandWagnerC.BeethovenandMozartD.HaydnandBach15. InCapita,lMarx,afterlongandcarefulstudy,discoveredthatA.itismen'ssocialbeingthatdeterminestheirconsciousnessB. activityisbasicC. socialismwouldberealizedthroughclassstruggleD. surplusvalueisthesourceofthewealthofthecapitalistclass16. TheessenceofD

19、arwin'stheoryofevolutionis.B.naturalselectionD.noneoftheaboveA.immutablefixityofspeciesC.artificialselection17. "TheCherryOrchard"waswrittenbyB.GogolD.ChekhovA.DostoyevskyC.Corky18. WhichofthefollowingwasnotwrittenbyCharlesDickens?A.DavidCopperfieldB.HardTimesC.VanityFairD.OliverTwist1

20、9. Theauthorof"SonsandLovers"is.A.HenryJamesB.VirginiaWoolfC.T.S.EliotD.D.H.Lawrence20. OneofthechiefrepresentativesoftheTheatreoftheAbsurdis.A.KinsleyAmisB.JohnOsborneC.AllenGinsbergD.SamuelBeckett1. Socrateswas.B.thestudentofPlatoA.theteacherofAristotleC.theteacherofPlatoD.thestudentofAr

21、istotle2. OneofthecontributionstheRomansmadetoEuropeanculturewas.A. theRomanempireB.theslavesystemC.theproductionofthegreatepicwriterD.theRomanlaw3. TheBookofDaniedescribes.A. thestruggleoftheJewsagainsttheSyrianruleB.theprisonersinBabylonC.thestoryofNoah'sArkD.theruleofKingSolomon4. TheOldTesta

22、mentwasoriginallywrittenin.A. HebrewB.AramaicdialectC.GreekD.Latin5. WhichofthefollowingisnotincludedintheCodeofChivalry?A. Loyaltytohislord.B. Fightingforthechurch.C. Protectionofthepeople.D. Respectforwomenofnoblebirth.6. ThegoaloftheCrusadeswas.A. tore-controlJerusalemB.toopenpathtoByzantineC.tor

23、egaintheHolyland-PalestineD.toopentraderoutetotheeast7. TheessenceofRenaissancephilosophywas.A. theemphasisonthegreatnessofmanB. theglorificationofGodC. theemphasisonthegivingupofworldlypleasureD. theimportanceofwealth8. LeonardodaVinci,inhislifetime,putdownhisobservationinnotebooksrunninguptovolume

24、s.A.1,000B.5,000C.3,000D.4,0009. "Knowledgeispower"isoneofthequotationsfrom.A.JohnLockeB.FrancisBaconC.IsaacNewtonD.GotffriedWilhelmyonLeibniz10. ThemostimportantpointinDescartes'philosophyis.A.IthinkthereforeIamB.IusemysensesthereforeIamC.IdoubtthereforeIamD.Noneoftheabove11. Themosti

25、mportantforerunnersoftheEnlightenmentwere.A.VoltaireandRousseauB.DiderotandMontesquieuC.JohnLockeandIsaacNewtonD.Noneoftheabove12. WhichofthefollowingremarkswasmadebyRousseau?A. Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal.（TheDeclarationofIndependence美国的独立宣言）B. Thethirstafterhappines

26、sisneverextinguishedintheheartofman.（Rousseau卢梭）C. Lovetruth,butpardonerror.（Voltaire伏尔泰）D. Libertyconsistsinthefreedomtodoeverythingwhichinjuresnooneelse.（DeclarationoftheRightsofManandoftheCitizen（1789）法国的人权宣言）13. RomanticismwasamovementinEurope.A. inthelate19thcenturyandearly20thcenturyB. inthe19

27、thcenturyC. inthelate17thcenturyandearly18thcenturyD. inthelate18thcenturyandearly19thcentury14. ThetwomostimportantworksofVictorHugo'sare.A. AtalaandRene(Chateaubriand夏多布里昂)B. IvanhoeandTheHeartofMidothianWalterScott的艾凡赫又译撒克逊劫后英雄传以及中洛辛郡的心脏C. NotreDamedeParisandLesMiserablesD. EugeneOneginandBor

28、isGodunov普希金pushkin的叶甫盖尼奥涅金和鲍里斯戈都诺夫15. ThemanwhoappliedDarwin'sevolutiontosocietywas.A. YahFuB.ThomasHuxleyC.AlfredRusselWallaceD.HerbertSpencer16. AccordingtoMarx，themostimportantthingaboutFeuerbachwas.A. heproclaimedmaterialismB. hesupportedHegelC. hesupportedtheutopiansocialistsD. heputforwar

29、dtheideaofclassstruggle17. "Sunflower"wastheworkof.A.vanGoghB.PaulGauguinC.ClaudeMonetD.GustaveCourbet18. WhichofthefollowingworksisnotwrittenbyThomasHardy?A.FarfromtheMaddingCrowd.B.TheReturnoftheNative.C.Tessofthed'Urberyvilles.D.ATaleofTwoCities.19. WilliamButlerYeatswasa(n)poet.A.E

30、nglishB.ScottishC.AmericanD.Irish20. "APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan"wasanautobiographicalnovelbyA.EzraPoundC.JamesJoyceB. WilliamFaulknerD. ErnestHemingwayVL*/I彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、L.彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、1. WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutAristotle?A. InAristotlethegreathumanistandthegreatmanofsciencemee

31、t.B. AristotlefoundedtheschooloftheStoics.C. AristotlewastutorofAlexander.D. Aristotlewrotemanybooksonlogic,politics,poetry,rhetoricandothersubjects.2. WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueabouttheRomanEmpire?A. TheRomanEmpirehadneverbeendivided.B. TheRomanEmpirewasdividedintoEastandWestin395A.D.C. Th

32、eRomanEmpirewaslatercalledByzantium.D. TheRomanEmpirewasconqueredbytheTurksinthe15thcentury.3. TheBiblehasbeenregardedas.A. areligiousbookB.literatureC. recordofgreatmindsD.alloftheabove4. TheCatholicChurchshouldbecharacterizedas.A. alooselyorganizedreligiousinstitutionB. ahighlycentralizedEuropeano

33、rganizationC. ahighlycentralizedanddisciplinedinternationalorganizationD. ahighlycentralizedanddisciplinedwesternorganization.5. TheCrusadeswerewarsbetween.A. theArabsandtheChristianPilgrimsB. theTurksandtheChristiansinWesternEuropeC. theChristiansinWesternEuropeandtheMoslemsD. theArabsandtheTurks6.

34、 St.ThomasAquinasdefendedinhisworks.A. feudalhierarchyofsocietyB.divinepoweroffeudalrulersC.thePope'ssupremacyoversecularrulersD.alloftheabove7. ThemottoMontaigneputdownintheessayswas.A. WhatdoIknow?B. IdoubtthereforeIthink.C. Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.D. Onlytostandoutofmylight.8

35、. VascodaGamawasaPortuguesenavigatorwho.A. discoveredtheCapeofGoodHopeB. discoveredtheroutetoIndiaroundtheCapeofGoodHopeC. exploredthemouthoftheAmazonD. wasthefirsttovisitCubaandHaiti9. WhichofthefollowinglawswasdiscoveredbyNewton?A. Lawofbuoyancy.B.Lawoffallingbodies.C.Lawofrelativity.D.Lawofuniver

36、salgravitation.10. InLocke'spoliticalphilosophy,thechiefreasonfortheinstitutionofcivilgovernmentwas.A. theprotectionofprivatepropertyB. theupholdingoffreethinkingC. theabolishmentoftheruleofthechurchD. regulationofeconomy11. WhichofthefollowingisnottrueaboutthedevelopmentsoftheIndustrialRevoluti

37、on?A. Thesubstitutionofwaterpowerforhumanpower.B. Theintroductionofmachine.C. Thebeginningofthefactorysystem.D. Thegrowthofmodemcapitalismandtheworkingclass.12. "Manisbornfree,andeverywhereheisinchains."ThisisaremarkmadebyA. VoltaireB.RousseauC.DiderotD.Moliere13. Intheworksof,onecanseethe

38、spiritoftheAgeofReason.A. HandelB.HaydnC.BachD.Mozart14. ThepoemofByron'sthatwastranslatedintoChineseattheturnofthe20thcenturyis.A. DonJuanB.DefenceofPoetryC.OdetoaNightingaleD.IslesofGreece15. Throughouthislife,BeethovenstruggledtopassonthroughhismusicA.thespiritoftheFrenchRevolutionB.thespirit

39、ofByronicheroesC.ideasofamoralnatureD.thepraiseofnaturalbeauty16. isconsideredtobethepoetofthepiano.A.MozartB.ChopinC.SchubertD.Schumann17. WhichofthefollowingworkswasnotwrittenbyCharlesDickens?A.ATaleofTwoCities.B.TheMayorofCasterbridge.C.DavidCopperfield.D.PickwickPapers.18. Theauthoroftheshortsto

40、ryTheNecklacewas.A.O'HenryB.JackLondonC.MarkTwainD.Maupassant19. "Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd/Petalsonawet,blackbough."Theauthoroftheselineswas.A.WilliamFaulknerB.EzraPoundC.T.S.EliotD.WilliamButlerYeats20. wasregardedasthegreatestRussianliteraryfigureofthe20thcentury.A.Sholokh

41、ovB.TolstoyC.ChekhovD.GorkyVL*彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、1彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、1. ThecontributionofancientGreekstoworldcivilizationisA.AtheniandemocracyB.TheOlympicGamesC.TheepicsofHomerD.Alloftheabove2. WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutHerodotus?A. Heiscalled"FatherofHistory".B. HewroteaboutthewarsbetweenAthensandS

42、parta.C. Hecontributedgreatlytotragicart.D. Heusedcleverparodyinhiswriting.3. GenesisoftheOldTestamenttellsaboutB.thecreationoftheworldD.alloftheabove.A. thefallofmanB.thecC.Noah'ArkD.allc4. Theleaderoftheslaveuprisingin73B.C.wasA. NeroB.MosesC.SpartacusD.Abraham5. ThegreatcontributionofSt.Jerom

43、ewasA. thebuildingofmonasteriesB. thetranslationofOldandNewTestamentsintoLatinC. thesettingupofthechurchsystemD. noneoftheabove6. ThemainclassesunderfeudalisminWesternEuropewere_A.monks,lordsandtownspeopleB.clergy,knightsandpeasantsC.knights,peasantsandtownspeopleD.clergy,lordsandpeasants7. Whichoft

44、hefollowingisnottrueaboutDante?A. DantewasagreatItalianpoet.B. DantewroteBeowulf.C. DantewrotehismasterpieceinItalian.D. Dantewasagreatpoliticalthinker.8. JohnWycliffewastwicecondemnedasahereticbecauseofA. histeachingphilosophyatOxfordB. hisvigorousattackonorthodoxchurchdoctrinesC. hisclericalassoci

45、ationsandactivitiesD. A&C9. Scientistsinthe17thcentury,suchasGalileoandNewton,attachedgreatimportancetoA.deductivereasoningB.classicalauthorityD.humanistlearning23B.deductivereasoningD.experiment10. ThemethodthatFrancisBaconintroducedininquirywasA.practicalB.deductC.inductionD.experi11. Thechara

46、cteristicofDutchartintheearly17thcenturywas.A. thatitwasstillmainlyreligiouspaintingsB. thatitrecordedthefamiliarscenesandeverydaylifeofthetimeC. thatitwasmainlyportraitsofnoblefamiliesD. thatthethemewasmainlycourtlife12. Whowasthefirstonetoputforwardthedoctrineofseparationofpowers?A.LockeB.HobbesC.

47、VoltaireD.Montesquieu13. Diderotisbestknownas.A. theauthorofPersianLetters(Montesquieu)B. theauthoroftheOriginofHumanInequality(Rousseau)C. theeditoroftheEncyclopedieD. theauthorofPhilosophicalThoughts(Diderot)14. Thelines"AndmaskineveryfaceImeet/Masksofweakness,masksofwoe"arewrittenby.A.

48、WilliamBlakeB.SchillerC.ByronD.Keats15. stoodinthevanoftheRomanticmovementinRussia.A. PushkinB.LermontovC.ChekhovD.Turgenev16. AworkjointlywrittenbyMarxandEngelsis.A. CapitalB.TheManifestooftheCommunistPartyC.ThesisonFeuerbachD.Socialism:UtopianandScientific17. WhichauthorwontheNobelPrizein1925?A. T

49、homasHardyB.GeorgeEliotC.GeorgeBernardShawD.HenryJames18. Whichnovelwasacclaimedasthegreatestofallanti-slaverymanifestoes'?.A.LeavesofGrassB.UncleTom'sCabinC.ThePortraitofaLadyD.DeadSouls19. wasthediscovererofX-rays.A.RontgenB.MadameCurieC.RutherfordD.Einstein20. TheauthorofTheInterpretation

50、ofDreamswasA.T.S.EliotB.JamesJoyceC.D.H.LawrenceD.SigmundFreudVL*彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、II彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、彳、1. WhowereconsideredaspeoplebytheancientAthens?A.WomencitizensB.AdultsC.AdultmalecitizensD.Foreignersandchildren2. WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutDialogues?A. DialogueswasabookwrittenbySocrates.B. Dialogueswasa

51、recordoflifeofPlato.C. DialogueswasarecordofSocrateswrittenbyPlato.D. DialogueswasarecordofSocrates'ssayingsbyhisfollowers.3. ThegreatdeedthatDavidperformedwas.A. hetooktheHebrewsbacktoCanaanB. hekilledGoliath,thephilistinegiantC. hewenttothetopofthemountaininSinaitoreceivemessagefrom(dD. noneof

52、theabove4. IntheearlydaysofChristianity,itwasareligionof.A.therichB.thepoorC.therulingclassD.allpeople5. Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutknighthoodisnottrue?A. Anoblemanwasbornaknight.B. Knighthoodhadtobeearned.C. Onehadtobetrainedinordertobecomeaknight.D. Afterbeingdubbedaknight,hehadtoobservethe

53、CodeofChivalry.6. TheInquisitionwasA. achurchcourtsetuptotryhereticsB. anorganizationforchurchinvestigationC. acourtinmanykingdomsD. thedecision-makingbodyofthechurch7. ArttoMichelangelowasameansbywhich.A. heexpressedhisoppositiontothedespoticruleB. hemadeinquiryintotherealityC. heexpressedhisvision

54、ofmanD. BandC8. Counter-ReformationmeansthattheRomanCatholicChurch.A. suppressedtheReformationmovementbyforceB. refusedtoacceptanyreformC. re-establisheditselfasadynamicforceinEuropeanaffairsbyintroducingreformsandimprovementsD. gangedupwiththeSpanishmonarchytosetuptheInquisition9. Kepler'scontr

55、ibutiontoastronomyisA. hisdiscoveryofthelawofinertiaB. hisdiscoveryofthePtolemaicsystemC. hisdiscoveryofthethreelawsofplanetarymotionD. noneoftheabove10. InEssayConcerningHumanUnderstanding,JohnLockestatedthat._A. allourknowledgesprangfromexperienceB. knowledgewaspowerC. everymanwasenemytoeverymanD.

56、 theworldwasmadeupofsimple,activesubstances11. ThesymboliceventoftheFrenchRevolutionin1789was.A. theissuanceoftheDeclarationofIndependenceB. thefoundingoftheFirstRepublicC. theseizureoftheBastilleD. thepublicationofTheSpiritoftheLaws12. Voltairewasnotedforhis.A.witB.satireC.passionD.AandB13. InCriti

57、queofPureReason,Kantarguedthat.A. knowledgeisthejointproductofbothsenseandreasonB. creationisnevercomplete;itisevergoingonC. virtuecanbesustainedwithoutreligiousbeliefD. man'sgreatestillsarenotnaturalbutaremadebymanhimself14. TheLyricalBalladswaswrittenby.A. ShelleyB.WordsworthandColeridgeC.BlakeandKeatsD.ByranandShelley15. Theline"Beautyistruth,truthbeauty"comesfrom.A. WordsworthB.ByronC.KeatsD.Blake16. Inde