短暂性动词和完成时态练习题

1、Forpersonaluseonlyinstudyandresearch;notforcommercialuse短暂性动词，延续性动词和现在完成时短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束。它不能和一段时间连用。这类动词有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或howlong等状语连用。例如：Hisfathergotill.Ihavereceivedhisletter.但是，不可以说：Hisfathergotillforaweek.Ihavereceivedhisletterforthree

2、days.在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：Wehaven'theardfromJaneforalongtime.Isupposesomethingmusthavehappenedtoher.延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago，疑问词howlong，inthepast+时间段，allthese+时间段，fromt

3、o（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。例如：Howlongyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?A.hasB.hadC.isitsinceD.wastherethat通过审题，答案B和D很容易被排除，但是稍不注意便会选中答案A；殊不知howlong为一段时间的状语，不能与非延续性动词短语hasjoined连用，所以这题的正确答案是C。另外，动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：延续性动词的肯定式+till/until短暂性动词的否定式+till/until请看例句：Wewaiteduntilhecame.Ididn'tgotobeduntilmyfat

4、hercamebackhomelastnight.如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrivebeherebegin(start)beondiebedeadcomebackbebackleavebeaway(from)fallill(sick,asleep)beill(sick,asleep)getupbeupfinishbeoveropenbeopenbein或beamemberofgooutbeoutputonwear或beonjoinclosebeclosedborrowkeepgotoschoo

5、lbeastudentbuy/gethaveknowknowstudystudycatch(acold)have(acold)begintocometoworkworkgettomovetoliveinoverfinish/endbecometobeinseatedsitdownbemarry等bemarrieddressbedressed女口：Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears.他参军三年了。年了。分钟了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.WehavestudiedEnglis

6、hforthreeyears.了。HowlongcanIkeepthisbook?他父亲去世电影已开始十我们（开始）学英语已三年这本书我可以借多长时间？除了用上面的转化形式之外，还可以用其他的表达形式：A.Itis/hasbeen+时间+since（动词用过去式），B.主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago。例如：It'sfivedayssinceIreceivedhisletter.Hisfatherdiedthreeyearsago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他离开上海已经3天了。HeleftShanghaithreedaysago.HehasbeenawayfromShangha

7、iforthreedays.HehasbeenawayfromShanghaisincethreedaysago.Itis/hasbeenthreedayssinceheleftShanghai.ThreedayshaspassedsinceheleftShanghai.几点注意事项:(1)havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别:havebeen（to）表示“去过某地（现在已经回来了）”，可用于各人称；havegone（to）表示“去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）”，可能在去的路上，可能已在某地，也可能在回来的路上，总之，人不在这里。常用第三人称作主语。，前者可与once,ne

8、ver,severaltimes等连用，后者则不能。女口：TheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们去过北京两次。HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。注意比较下面几组句子的意义：HehasgonetoAmercia.（他到美国去了。他不在这里）HehasbeentoAmercia.（他去过美国。现已回来）HehasbeeninShanghai.（他在上海呆过。现在不在上海）Hehasbeeninshanghaiforyears.（他在上海多年。现在还在上海）HehastaughtEnglish.（他教过英语现在不教了）HehastaughtEnglishforye

9、ars.（他教英语多年了。现在还在教）（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。女口：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲去世已有三年了。（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：Ihaven'tleftheresince1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。Exercises:I. 句型转换：1. Mr.LibegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999

10、.（同义句）Mr.LiEnglishinthisschoolsince1999.2. Thefactoryopenedtenyearsago.（同义句Thefactoryfortenyears.3. JohnleftBeijingthreeyearsago.（同义句）ThreeyearsJohnBeijing.JohnBeijingthreeyears.4. Hiscompanyopenedin2003.（同义句Hiscompanysince2003.5. Myfatherboughtthecarhalfayearago.（同义句Myfatherthecarhalfayear.6. Wegot

11、toknoweachotherforabout15years.（同义句Weeachotherabout15years.7. Thefilmbegantenminutesago.（同义句Thefilmfortenminutes.8. Iborrowedthisbooktwoweeksago.（同义句Ithisbookfortwoweeks.9. Myfathercamebackthedaybeforeyesterday.Myfatherhasfortwodays.10. Myuncleboughtthenewcartwomonthsago.Myunclehasthenewcartwomonths

12、ago.II. 用havebeen和havegone填空。1.Motherisn'there.Shetothebarber's.2. youeverabroadbefore?3. Thereyouareatlast!Whereyou?4. TomandMaryhavejustcomein.Theytoaparty.5. TomandMaryaren'there.TheytoaParty.6. MyfathertoNewYork.Heleftthismorning.7. Mymothertothesupermarketandshehastakenmybagwithher.

13、8. NoneofustoEngland.9. “I'vecometoseeTom.“Butheisnothere.Hetoyourhousetoseeyou.”10. InevertoShanghai.11. TheyoungmantoBeijing.Heisworkingtherenow.12. Thestudentstothecinematoseeafilmtoday.Nowtheyareback.13. Tomisn'tathome.Hetoschool.14. Mr.andMrs.SmithtoLondonnow.Theytheretwicealready.15. M

14、r.SmithtoBritainandFrancethisyear.Nowheistellinghisstudentsabouthistrip.16. Allthestudentstothemeetingtolistentoalecture.17. WhereisJerry?Heisn'therenow.Hetothelibrarytoborrowbooks.18. MissLinevertoChinabefore.19. Whereyou?Themeetinghasalreadybegun.20. Wherehe?Ican'tfindhimanywhere.仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。Forpersonaluseonlyinstudyandresearch;notforcommercialuse.NurfurdenpersdnlichenfurStudien,Forschung,z