基础语法从句篇ppt课件

1、 1. 定语从句和同位语从句的区分 He kept his promise that he made before his parents. He kept his promise that he would lend me his computer. The news that we watched on television wasnt true. The news that our womens volleyball team won the championship has inspired us. 2. 关系代词引导的定语从句：关系代词引导的定语从句： 2.1.领先行词为物时，可用领

2、先行词为物时，可用that/which来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。 Clock is a kind of instrument which/that can tell people time. The house which/that we bought last month is very nice. 2.2.领先行词为人时，可用领先行词为人时，可用who/whom来引导定语从句。来引导定语从句。 I didnt see the man who stole my bag. Most people who live in less developed country are quite p

3、oor. This is the girl whom/who I met in the street. The person whom/who I were speaking to just now is our English teacher. 2.3. 当当whose 引导定语从句时，先行词即引导定语从句时，先行词即可为人也可为物，表示可为人也可为物，表示“什么什么的。什么什么的。 The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside. The car whose windows were all broken was a

4、 depressing sight. 3. 介词介词+关系词引导的定语从句。关系词引导的定语从句。 3.1 What is the country which you are traveling in? What is the country in which you are traveling? Peter is a man whose word you may rely on. Peter is a man on whose word you may rely. The teacher whom you want to speak to is my sister. The teacher

5、to whom you want to speak is my sister. The age which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle at should be raised to at least 21. The age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21. 3.2 真题例句真题例句 But the sources of distrust may go deeper. Most journal

6、ists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they plug each days events. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Euro

7、pe. 3.3 Talk about, speak to , live in, borrow from, wait for 等表达方式在定语从句中，介词最好提到关系词的前面。但像look after, look for , call on, long for 等表达方式，动词和介词不可拆分，介词不能前置。 The chance which we have been longing for has come at last. 4. 关系副词引导的定语从句。 when, where, why 以及whereby) 4.1 when引导的定语从句：关系副词when在从句中做时间状语。 例如： I w

8、ill never forget the day when I joined the league. We will graduate in July when we will be free. 4.2 Where引导的定语从句：关系副词where在从句中做地点状语。 Last Sunday, they reached Nanjing where a conference was to be held. It is one of the few countries where people drive on the left.4.3 Why 引导的定语从句：why在句中做缘由状语。 Do yo

9、u know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine? I dont know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin. 4.4 Whereby引导的定语从句： where表示“凭仗，相当于by which. He devised a plan whereby he might escape. Teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 5. 一切

10、充任状语的关系副词都可以用“ 介词+which 来取代。 I will never forget the day which I joined the league on. I will never forget the day on which I joined the league. I will never forget the day when I joined the league. Last Sunday, they reached Nanjing which a conference was to be held in. Last Sunday, they reached Nan

11、jing in which a conference was to be held. Last Sunday, they reached Nanjing where a conference was to be held. Do you know the reason which there are heat losses in a steam engine for? Do you know the reason for which there are heat losses in a steam engine? Do you know the reason why there are hea

12、t losses in a steam engine? He devised a plan which he might escape by. He devised a plan by which he might escape. He devised a plan whereby he might escape. 6. 领先行词为表示时间地点的名词时，并不一定用when 或where 来引导。 This is the house in which she was born. This is the house where she was born. This is the house whi

13、ch she once visited. This is the day on which he won the first prize. This is the day when he won the first prize. This is the day which she will remember for ever. 7. 7.1非限制性定语从句：从句与被修饰的名非限制性定语从句：从句与被修饰的名词之间必需用逗号隔开词之间必需用逗号隔开. 普通来说，非限制普通来说，非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句是可以互换性定语从句和限制性定语从句是可以互换的。的。 Mr. Zhang, who c

14、ame to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day. This is our English teacher, who loves us and is very strict with us. Look at this book, which was given to me as a birthday gift. 7.2 非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句最根本的区别在于前者可以用 which来引导一个句子。

15、He was late for class, which made our teacher very angry. He studies hard at school when he was young, which contributes to his success in later life. He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 8. 特殊关系词引导的定语从句 8.1 as

16、 引导的限制性定语从句。主要用在suchas, the sameas, asas等固定构造中。 在the sameas 中，as 也可以用that来替代。 I never heard such stories as he told. The sun gives us much energy every minute as mankind utilizes in a year. The most important forces behind the massive MA wave are the same that underline the globalization process. 8.

17、2 as 引导非限制性定语从句，可以指代整个句子，和which 引导非限制性定语从句非常类似，有时二者可以互用。但是， as 引导的句子位置非常灵敏，可放在句中，句首和句尾。 As we know, the moon travels around the earth. The war, as is known to all of us, brought tragedy to the both countries. The students were late for class today, as (which) often happens to my brother. 留意：有些习惯和as

18、连用的表达方式不要用which来替代，如 as we know, as we expect, as I remember, as often happens等。 此外， as 引导的定语从句通常在意义上不可与主句相悖，但which不受此限制。 Jail failed the important test, which (as) is unexpected.The teacher often scolds his students in public, which I dont like at all.9. 定语从句中的插入语。先行词和定语从句之间有时会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。

19、插入语的运用主要是为了坚持句子平衡。 The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village.The film brought the hours when I was taken good care of in that faraway village /back to me Some sensors are being developed which will reveal a great deal more about our real world.It can

20、 be predicted , however, that from time to time questions will arise which will require specific scientific answers. 1. 宾语从句：用一个句子来做另外一个句子的宾语。 I can remember it. I can remember that he put forward lot if suggestions for this issue. 2. 宾语从句除了可以跟在动词后面，也可以跟在介词后面。 2.1 不及物动词跟宾语 We dont agree with what he

21、 just said. It depends on whether she will reject the proposal or not. 2.2 直接宾语和间接宾语。 I give him a book. 直接宾语 间接宾语 I give a book to him. I give a book to whoever wants it. 3. that 引导的宾语从句。 She claimed that she would be the right person to inherit the family fortune. Do you remember all those years w

22、hen scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure? 4. What 引导的定语从句。 Now，I will describe what she has achieved in this academic field. The test is intended to reinforce what you have learned in the past few weeks. 5. if /whether 引导的宾语从句，表示 “ 能否 的意思

23、。 普通情况下两者可以互换，但是当从句中有not时，那么用 whether；此外，当宾语从句做介词的宾语时，只能用whether。 He decided to buy a particular fine string of pearls and asked if (whether) he could pay by check. I want to know whether it is good news or not. Our activity depends on whether it is fine tomorrow. 6. Who/whom/whoever 引导的宾语从句。 she ha

24、snt found who has the greatest potential to fulfill this task. She hasnt decided whom she should first make contact with. She hasnt decided with whom she should first make contact. I will give this dictionary to whoever( anyone who) wants to have it. We are ready to offer help to whoever( anyone who

25、) needs it. 7. 其它连词引导的宾语从句。 These computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient. I am not sure why she refused their invitation. That depends on where we shall go. He has informed me how far mankind will be able to solve these problems. But it does mean recogniz

26、ing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the internet. (真题 8. 宾语从句中的插入语，目的也是为了句子构造平衡。 Actually we know from the drawing which Galileo made of sunspots that there must have been quite a lot of them at the time of his observation

27、s in the years of 1611 and 1612. Actually we know that there must have been quite a lot of them at the time of his observations in the years of 1611 and 1612 from the drawing which Galileo made of sunspots. 9. 宾语从句要采用陈说语序。 She wondered whether would he be able to attain the goal of reconciling the t

28、wo parties differences? 表语从句：用一个句子来做另外一个句子的表语。 1. 除了am/is/are及其变形可以做系动词，seem/look/appear/turn/get 等单词也可以做系动词。 判别规范：假设一个动词可以直接跟描画词，那么它就可以做系动词用。 2. the message is clear. the message is that they have been invited to the concert. it seems surprising. it seems that we should answer for this. it appears

29、to her that he wants to teach us all he has. 3. that引导的表语从句。 the clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves. 4. what引导的表语从句 that is what I have seen. 5. as / as if引导的表语从句。 things are not always as them seem to be. he is no longer as he used to be. it looks as if the house has be

30、en vacant for quite some time. it looks as if he had grew aged in just one hour. 6. 其它连词引导的表语从句。 the question is whether the book is worth reading. the question is whether Laser will be mostly used for peaceful purposes or as a deadly weapon. That is because he didnt understand me. That is why he got angry with me. The problem is who we can get to replace her. That is where their unhappiness springs from and that is why most divorced mothers regard themselves as victims. A report consistently brought back by visitors to