数据分析课后答案spss

1、习题1.3统言十资料全国居民N有效22遗漏0平均数1117.00中位数727.50檄隼偏差1015.717燮昊敷1031680.286偏斜度1.025偏斜度襟型.491峰度-.457峰度襟.953百分位数25304.2550727.50751893.50.由表可知，全国居民的均值、方差、标准差、偏度、峰度分别为1117.0R1031680.2861015.717、1.025、-0.457。cv100*s(%)变异系数有公式x计算得90.9325(2)中位数为727.50,上四分位数304.35,下四分位数为1893.50。四分位极差由公式R1Q3Q1得到1579.15一1-1-1-MQ1MQ3

2、三均值由公式424得到913.1857。(3)直方图10-直方圜(4)茎叶图全国居民Stem-and-LeafPlotFrequencyStem&Leaf9.000.1222233445.000.567882.001.031.001.71.002.33.002.6891.003.1Stemwidth:1000Eachleaf:1case(s)4口OL300t-1000-cq由箱图可以看出并不异常点统言十资料农村居民N有效22遗漏0平均数747.86中位数530.50檄隼偏差632.198燮昊敷399673.838偏斜度1.013偏斜度襟型.491峰度-.451峰度襟.953百分位数25239.

3、7550530.50751197.00(1).由图可知农村居民的平均数、方差、标准差、偏度、峰度分别为747.86、399673.838、632.198、1.013、-0.451。由公式可以算得变异系数为84.5342。(2)中位数530.50,上四分位数239.75,下四分位数1197.00。由公式可得四分位极差为957.25,三均值为624.4375。茎叶图农村居民Stem-and-LeafPlotFrequencyStem&Leaf10.000.11112223346.000.5556782.001.144.001.7889Stemwidth:1000Eachleaf:1case(s)2

4、口0尸150CH-1口OL5OCr-o-箱图表明了并无异常点统言十资料城镇居民N有效22遗漏0平均数2336.41中位数1499.50檄隼偏差2129.821燮昊敷4536136.444偏斜度.970偏斜度襟型.491峰度-.573峰度襟.953百分位数25596.25501499.50754136.75(1)由表可知城镇居民均值、方差、标准差、偏度、峰度为2336.41、4536136.4442129.821、0.970、-0.573。变异系数为91.157&(2)中位数1499.50、上四分位数596.25、下四分位数4136.75、四分位极差35405三均值为1933。(3)(4)茎叶图

5、城镇居民Stem-and-LeafPlotFrequencyStem&Leaf9.000.4445566895.001.045691.002.32.003.081.004.82.005.472.006.26Stemwidth:1000Eachleaf:1case(s)(5)箱图M(r箱图可以看出无异常点1.4统言十资料月11N有效31遗漏0平均数19.1665中位数14.7700檄隼偏差19.79977燮昊敷392.031偏斜度2.515偏斜度襟型.421峰度8.267峰度襟.821百分位数256.24005014.77007520.3400(1).11月份的收入均值为19.166S方差为39

6、2.031、标准差为19.79977、偏度为2.515、峰度为8.267、变异系数为103.304.(2)中位数为14.7700,上四分位数6.2400、下四分位数20.3400、四分位极差为14.1。t*1号国（4）Pearson相关系数分另1J为1,0.976spearma注目关系数为1,0.928.相月11月1月11皮豳森（Pearson）相毓！1.976骸著性（曼尾）.000N3131月1皮豳森（Pearson）相.9761骸著性（曼尾）.000N3131相月11月1Spearman的rho月11相系数11.0001.928骸著性（曼尾）.000N3131月1相信期系数.9281.00

7、0骸著性（曼尾）.000.N3131统言十资料N有效31遗漏0平均数246.1932中位数179.4100檄隼偏差232.97210燮昊敷54275.998偏斜度1.916偏斜度襟型.421峰度4.385峰度襟.821百分位数25103.810050179.410075273.29001月到11月收入平均数为246.1932、方差为54275.99&标准差为232.9721R偏度为1.916、峰度为4.385、变异系数为96.6297中位数179.4100,上四分位数103.8100,下四分位数273.2900,四分位极差169.48.直方国31习题1.6中位数向量M=(18.100,27.4

8、00,4.800,34.100)相x1x2x3x4x1皮豳森（Pearson）相信昌1*.766.385.336MI著性（曼尾）.000.085.136N21212121x2皮豳森（Pearson）相信昌*.7661.427.340MI著性（曼尾）.000.054.131N21212121x3皮豳森（Pearson）相信昌.385.4271*.613MI著性（曼尾）.085.054.003N21212121x4皮豳森（Pearson）相信昌.336.340_._*.6131MI著性（曼尾）.136.131.003N21212121*.相羸性在0.01唇上骸著（曼尾）Pearson相关系数为10

9、.76610.3850.42710.3360.3400.6131同理可得显著性检验，spearman目关系数和显著性检验相x1x2x3x4Spearman的rhox1相HIH系数1.000*.790*.434.431MI著性（曼尾）.000.049.051N21212121x2相信期系数*.7901.000*.511*.488MI著性（曼尾）.000.018.025N21212121x3相信期系数一.*.434*.5111.000*.691骸著性（曼尾）.049.018.001N21212121x4相信期系数.431*.488*.6911.000骸著性（曼尾）.051.025.001.N212

10、12121*.相羸性在0.01唇上骸著（曼尾）习题1.7统言十资料x1x2x3N有效505050遗漏000平均数14.410016.02004.2300中位数15.000015.00004.0000(1)均值向量为(14.4100,16.0200,4.2300)中位数向量(15.000,15.000,4.000)相x1x2x3Spearman的rhox1相HIH系数1.000*.546*.507MI著性（曼尾）.000.000N505050x2相信期系数*.5461.000*.530MI著性（曼尾）.000.000N505050x3相信期系数*.507*.5301.000骸著性（曼尾）.000

11、.000.N505050*.相羸性在0.01唇上骸著（曼尾）。相x1x2x3Spearman的rhox1相信期系数1.000.546*.50711著性您尾）.000.000N505050x2相信期系数_一一*.5461.000*.53011著性您尾）.000.000N505050x3相信期系数*.507*.5301.00011著性您尾）.000.000.N505050习题2.4彳系数a模型非襟型化彳系数襟型化彳系数TMI著性BBeta1（常玲3.4532.4311.420.181人数.496.006.93481.924.000收入.009.001.1089.502.000.回归方程为y=3.4

12、53+0.496x1+0.009x2误差方差为4.740燮昊敷分析a模型平方和df平均值平方F骸著性1il53844.716226922.3585679.466.000b残差56.884124.74053901.60014a.鹰建数:销量b.JSU值：（常数），收入，人数模型摘要模型RR平方整彳爰R平方襟型偏斜度1.999a.999.9992.177a.Jg测值：（常数），收入，人数（2）显著性为.000表明销量与人数收入显著性强复相关系数为0.999,很大说明y与x1,x2线性关系显著。彳系数a模型非襟型化彳系数襟型化彳系数TMI著性B的八1信BBeta下限上限1（常玲3.4532.4311

13、.420.181-1.8438.749人数.496.006.93481.924.000.483.509收入.009.001.1089.502.000.007.011(3)置信区间分别为0.483,0.509,0.007,0.011(4)由系数表可以看出x1,x2对y影响显著，再由表可知交互作用对y影响不大。彳系数a模型非襟型化彳系数襟型化彳系数TMI著性B的八1信BBeta下限上限1(常玲4.9018.539.574.578-13.89223.695人数.491.028.92517.344.000.429.553收入.009.003.1022.777.018.002.016z1.698E-6.

14、000.014.178.862.000.000a.鹰建数:销量(5)预测值为135.57141置信区间为-1.8438.749(6)残差统言十资料a最小值最大值平均数檄隼偏差N?!测值53.29253.72150.6062.01715襟型?!测值-1.5691.663.0001.00015?!测值的襟.5911.295.955.19615整彳测值52.67254.39150.4761.97815残差-3.8323.309.0002.01615探戳i差-1.7601.520.000.92615Stud.残差-1.9251.891.0261.05415删除的残差-4.5835.122.1272.6

15、2815Stud.删除的残差-2.2172.161.0271.13515焉氏(Mahal.)距离隹.0994.0221.8671.08515廛克距离隹.000.653.108.16615置中的植捍值.007.287.133.07815a.鹰建数:销量StudentizedResidual的常恁Q-Q麻j僮期常胃-1利察伯Studentized的已除势常照Q-Q冏戳察值从图可以看出正态性假定不合理。习题2.6StudentizedResidual的密职Q-Q圄StudentizedResidual的己除舞常能Q-Q国由图可以看出点分布不均匀需要对数据做变换习题2.7彳系数a模型非襟型化彳系数襟型

16、化彳系数TMI著性BBeta1（常玲-27.5126.558-4.195.000高度.349.093.1353.744.001z.168.007.91125.222.000a.鹰燮数:体积止匕模型为y=-27.512+0.349x2+0.168x1A2再进行残差分析帮帮啊StudentizedRtclduil弗己感ft巨蟒Q4El一4画出学生化残差的QQ图与2.6比较合理性强2.8(1)方差分析表和系数表燮昊敷分析a模型平方和df平均值平方F骸著性1i1卷帚24.85646.21464.091.000b残差4.55747.09729.41451a.鹰建数:zb.Bl测值:（常数），x4,x2,

17、x3,x1彳系数a模型非襟型化彳系数襟型化彳系数TMI著性BBeta1（常玲.472.3661.288.204x1.149.037.3053.995.000x2.028.003.6199.268.000x3.024.003.6188.204.000x4.040.065.057.613.543a.鹰燮数:z(2)模型中的自变量PR方CpX120.093221.701X220.353144.381X320.271168.67X420.467110.515X1,x430.457112.32X2.x430.60868.27X3,x430.53489.86X2,x330.72334.56X1,x230.

18、412125.34X1,x330.422122.29X1,x2,x340.8343.35X1,x3,x440.53588.85X2,x3,x440.78018.928X1.x2.x3,x450.8324.98选择最优回归方程均为含自变量x1,x2,x3的拟合回归方程结果如表:燮昊敷分析a模型平方和df平均值平方FMI著性1卷帚24.82038.27386.454.000b残差4.59348.09629.41451a.鹰建数:zb.Jg测值：（常数），x3,x2,x1彳系数a模型非襟型化彳系数襟型化彳系数TMI著性BBeta1（常玲.350.3051.145.258x1.164.028.3355

19、.801.000x2.029.003.63911.071.000x3.025.002.64711.211.000复相关系数的平方为0.834,与表2.8的结果变化明显，但模型包含的变量不变。X4对Z的影响是很小的。最优的回归方程：Z=0.350+0.164x1+0.029x2+0.025x32.9彳系数a模型非襟型化彳系数襟型化彳系数TMI著性BBeta1（常/162.87625.7766.319.000x1-1.210.301-.613-4.015.001x2-.666.821-.177-.811.427x3-8.61312.241-.157-.704.490a.鹰燮数:y方程为y=162.

20、876-1.210x1-0.666x2-8.613x3由正态QQ图可知正态性合理性较差。StudtntlzfidiRttldual的希能Q翼-IU.犯宙帝锚粕(2)模型中的自变量PR平方CpX120.5794.299X220.31419.01X320.33217,986X1x230.6312.495X1x330.6272.658X2x330.33418,129X1x2x340.6213.9997由于模型中含有变量x1,x2的R方值最大所以选出最优回归方程为彳系数a模型非襟型化彳系数襟型化彳系数TMI著性BBeta1（常玲166,59124,9086.688.000x1-1.260.289-.6

21、39-4.359.000x2-1.089.551-.289-1.976.062y=-1.26x1-1.089x2+166,591由于spsS勺进入值与删除值不能相等所以无法得出结果残差分析的QQ图为：Stu*nt：bdRiiil的斗境口9%习题3.4如图产品的得率服从同方差的正态分布燮H数同性产品得率Levene统言十资料df1df2MI著性1.846320.171燮昊敷分析产品得率平方和df平均值平方F骸著性群缸之.0063.0021.306.300在群内.03020.001.03623有方差齐性表可知显著性大于0.1接受原假设，方差不齐方差分析表显著性为0.3大于0.01即四种不同的催化剂

22、对某一化工产品得率的影响不显著。3.5(1)方差分析表可知过去三年科研经费投入的不同对当年生产力提高量有显著影响。燮昊敷分析生产能力提高量平方和df平均值平方F骸著性群缸之20.589210.29516.584.000在群内14.89824.62135.48726多重比较因建数:生产能力提高量Bonferroni法(I)科研经费投入(J)科研经费投入平均差M(I-J)MI著性95%信赖下限上限12_*-1.2838.3417.003-2.163-.4043_*-2.4622.4395.000-3.593-1.33121*1.2838.3417.003.4042.1633*-1.1785.414

23、6.027-2.246-.11131*2.4622.4395.0001.3313.5932*1.1785.4146.027.1112.246*.平均值差巽在0.05JW级II著。LM置信区间-2.163,-0.404LH置信区间-3.593,-1.331mh置信区间-2.246,-0.111所以LMH过去三年科研经费投入越高，当年生产能力的改善越显著。习题3.6各水平组合上的标准差和均值如图。描述性统言十资料因m数：存留量百分比铁离子剂量平均数檄隼偏差NFe3高剂量3.69892.0308718中剂量8.20395.4473918底剂量11.75007.02815187.88436.14361

24、54Fe2高剂量5.93672.8067818中剂量9.63226.6912218底剂量12.63946.08209189.40286.0340054高剂量4.81782.6678536中剂量8.91816.0567536底剂量12.19476.49328368.64356.10835108各水平组合上的标准差差异高剂量与中低剂量差异明显，两种铁离子的差异不大方差齐性合理。Levenes共建H等式检定a因建数:存留量百分比Fdf1df2MI著性5.8035102.000检定因建数的共建昊在群内相等的空假a.M#：截距+铁离子+剂量+铁离子*剂量Levenes共建H等式检定a因燮数：zFdf1d

25、f2MI著性.5595102.731检定因建数的共建昊在群内相等的空假a.M#：截距+铁离子+剂量+铁离子*剂量方差不齐性，各组合水平上的标准差趋于一致描述性统言十资料因燮数：z铁离子剂量平均数檄隼偏差NFe3高剂量1.1609.5854818中剂量1.9012.6585118底剂量2.2800.65631181.7807.7792754Fe2高剂量1.6801.4645518中剂量2.0900.5736518底剂量2.4034.56937182.0579.6067254高剂量1.4205.5836436中剂量1.9956.6161436底剂量2.3417.60877361.9193.7088

26、8108主旨效果检定因燮数：z来源第III平方和df平均值平方F骸著性修正的模型18.473a53.69510.677.000截距397.8331397.8331149.682.000铁离子2.07412.0745.993.016剂量15.58827.79422.524.000铁离子*剂量.8102.4051.171.314皿35.296102.346451.602108校正彳麴敷53.768107a.R平方=.344整的R平方=.311)方差分析表如图，交互作用不显著，各因素的影响显著1.铁离子因燮数：z铁离子平均数95%信赖下限上限Fe31.781.0801.6221.939Fe22.05

27、8.0801.8992.2172.剂量因燮数：z剂量平均数95%信赖下限上限高剂量1.421.0981.2261.615中剂量1.996.0981.8012.190底剂量2.342.0982.1472.5362价铁离子的置信区间1.622,1.9393价铁离子的置信区间1.899,2.217高剂量的置信区间1.226,1.615中剂量的置信区间1.801,2.190低剂量的置信区间2.147,2.536多重比较因燮数：zBonferroni法(I)剂量(J)剂量平均差昇(I-J)MI著性95%信赖下限上限高剂量中剂量-.5751*.13865.000-.9126-.2376底剂量-.9212*

28、.13865.000-1.2587-.5837中剂量高剂量.5751*.13865.000.2376.9126底剂量-.3461*.13865.043-.6835-.0086底剂量高剂量中剂量.9212*.3461*.13865.13865.000.043.5837.00861.2587.6835根摞觐察到的平均数。目是平均值平方和（tg）*.平均值差巽在.05眉级骸著。=.346。HM=-0.9126,-0,2376L=-1.2587,-0.5837M=0.0086,0.6835MH为其结果,低剂量的影响最大，高剂量的影响最小。习题3.7(1)由图可知均值表为低中高yij估U值低2.4754

29、.6004.5753.883中5.4508.9259.1257.833高5.97510.27513.2509.833yij估U值4.6337.9338.983描述性统言十资料因建数:病情缓解时间成分成分平均数襟型偏差NAB112.475.1708424.600.2944434.575.17084*就十3.8831.059012215.450.2646428.925.1708439.125.309647.8331.777312315.975.22174210.275.33044313.250.20824*就十9.8333.12801214.6331.62221227.9332.54031238.

30、9833.706712*就十7.1833.272136A与B的交互效应显著(2)Levenes共建H等式检定a因建数:病情缓解时间Fdf1df2MI著性.736827.659检定因建数的共建昊在群内相等的空假tg。a.ISff:截距+成分A+成分B+成分A*成分方差不齐进行方差分析，表如图主旨效果检定因建数:病情缓解时间来源第III鬻(平方和df平均值平方F骸著性修正的模型373.105a846.638774.910.000截距1857.61011857.61030864.905.000成分A220.0202110.0101827.858.000成分B123.660261.8301027.32

31、9.000成分A*成分B29.42547.356122.227.000皿1.62527.0602232.34036图形为:祷情覆4扯:间的克砧遥除平均值|校正|374.73035a.R平方=.996整的R平方=.994)由显著性一列可知有显著性(3)对A111 -12=0.573,2.09412 -13=3.873,5.39413 -13=4.923,6.444由此可知，对于A1成分我们能以95%的置信度断言3.成分A*成分B因燮数：病情缓解时间成分A成八B分平均数95%信赖下限上限111.333.373.5732.09424.633.3733.8735.39435.683.3734.9236

32、.444215.283.3734.5236.04428.583.3737.8239.34439.633.3738.87310.394317.283.3736.5238.044210.583.3739.82311.344311.633.37310.87312.394多重比较因建数:病情缓解时间Bonferroni法(I)成分A(J)成分A平均差昇(I-J)MI著性95%信赖下限上限12*-3.950.1002.000-4.206-3.6943*-5.950.1002.000-6.206-5.69421*3.950.1002.0003.6944.2063_*-2.000.1002.000-2.25

33、6-1.74431*5.950.1002.0005.6946.2062*2.000.1002.0001.7442.256根摞觐察到的平均数。目是平均值平方和(tg)=.060。*.平均值差巽在.05眉级骸著。多重比较因建数:病情缓解时间Bonferroni法95%信赖(I)成分B(J)成分B平均差昇(I-J)MI著性下限上限12*-3.300.1002.000-3.556-3.0443*-4.350.1002.000-4.606-4.09421_*3.300.1002.0003.0443.5563*-1.050.1002.000-1.306-.79431*4.350.1002.0004.094

34、4.6062*1.050.1002.000.7941.306根摞觐察到的平均数。目是平均值平方和(tg)=.060o*.平均值差巽在.05眉级骸著。习题3.8(1)方差分析表由显著性列可以得出，四名工人的日产量有显著差异，各台机床对日产量有显著影响。主旨效果检定因燮数：产品日产量来源第III鬻(平方和df平均值平方F骸著性修正的模型433.167a586.63315.831.002截距31212.000131212.0005703.716.000机床318.5002159.25029.102.001工人114.667338.2226.985.02232.83365.47231678.00012

35、校正彳麴敷466.00011a.R平方=.930整的R平方=.871)(2)1-2=1.05,13.612-4=-11.61,0.951 -3=0.39,12.953-4=-10.95,1.612 -4=-4.28,8.283 -3=-6.95,5.611213其他组合不能判断结果是工人1的产品日产量高于工人2和工人3多重比较因燮数：产品日产量Bonferroni法(I)工人(J)工人平均差昇(I-J)MI著性90%信赖下限上限12*7.331.910.0511.0513.613*6.671.910.078.3912.9542.001.9101.000-4.288.2821*-7.331.91

36、0.051-13.61-1.053-.671.9101.000-6.955.614-5.331.910.189-11.61.9531*-6.671.910.078-12.95-.392.671.9101.000-5.616.954-4.671.910.301-10.951.6141-2.001.9101.000-8.284.2825.331.910.189-.9511.6134.671.910.301-1.6110.95根摞觐察到的平均数。目是平均值平方和(tg)=5.472*.平均值差巽在.1眉敏骸著。多重比较因燮数：产品日产量Bonferroni法(I)机床(J)机床平均差昇(I-J)MI

37、著性90%信赖下限上限12*-8.751.654.006-13.30-4.2033.501.654.236-1.058.0521*8.751.654.0064.2013.303_*12.251.654.0017.7016.8031-3.501.654.236-8.051.052*-12.251.654.001-16.80-7.70根摞觐察到的平均数。目是平均值平方和(tg)=5.472。*.平均值差巽在.1眉敏骸著。2=-13.30,-4.20123=-1.05,8.053=7.70,16.8023机床1的日产量低于机床2,机床2高于机床3的日产量。习题5.4就先验概率相等进行判别分析的判别函

38、数为组另I1y=30.351x1-0.152x2-0.789x3+1.952x4+0.590x5108.102x6-0.312x7-99.541组另I2y=29.877x1-0.152x2-0.227x3+1.395x4+0.065x5-85.337x6-0.260x7-95.693分函数彳系数组别12x130.35129.877x2-.152-.152x3-.789-.227x41.9521.395x5.590.065x6-108.102-85.337x7-.312-.260（常/-99.541-95.693费雪(Fisher)性K别函数分果a，c组别的群成Jt资格*就十12原始言十数111

39、112212223%191.78.3100.024.395.7100.0交叉瞬nrb言十数111112232023%191.78.3100.0213087.0100.0a.94.3%偃I原始分察值已正碓地分I。b.彳堇曾金十望寸分析中的那些觐察值迤行交叉瞬hl在交叉瞬nr中，每一偃觐察值都曾依摞察值之外的所有觐察值衍生的函数迤行分。c.88.6%偃I交叉瞬已分察值已正碓地分I。回代估计得误判率为94.3%,交叉确认估计的误判率88.6%。按比例分配的判别分析判别函数为：组别1y=30.351x1-0.152x2-0.789x3+1.952x4+0.590x5-108.102x6-0.312x7-99.918组别2y=29.877x1-0.152x2-0.227x3+1.395x4+0.065x5-85.337x6-0.260x7-95.420分函数彳系数组别12x130.35129.877x2-.152-.152x3-.789-.227x41.9521.395x5.590.065x6-108.102-85.337x7-.312-.260（常/-99.918-95.420费雪(Fisher)性K别函数分果a，c组别的群成Jt资格*就十12原始言十数111112212223%191.78.3100.024.3