初中科普知识与技术英语阅读

1、初中英语阅读：科普知识与现代技术（含答案）NO1-未来的汽车NO2-热空气占据更大空间NO3-眼睛识别系统NO4-网络科技的利弊NO5-卫星气象NO6-睡眠NO7-智能服装NO8-智能城市NO9-大脑科学科普类文章是中考英语的常考题材，每年中考都有所涉及，这类文章的总特点是：科技词汇多，句子结构复杂，理论性强，逻辑严谨。解题时要注意：1. 平时多阅读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇。2. 要熟悉科普文章的结构特点。科普类文章一般由标题、导语、背景、主体和结尾五部份组成。标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的中考命题情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要求选择标

2、题。导语一般位于文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，要把这部分作为重点。结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常常在此设计一道推理判断题。3. 在进行推理判断时，一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。NO1一未来的汽车OnasunnydaylastJanuary,peoplegottogetherataparkinglotinLasVegastoseesmallvehiclesthatlookedmorelikecolorfuleggsthanordinarycars.

3、Thesevehicleswereelectric,ranontwowheelsinsteadoffourandheldonlytwopassengers.Thankstotheirtinysize,sixofthevehicleswouldfitinaparkingspot.Iftheideaofparkingsuchasmallcarmakesyounervous,don'tworry:thesecarscanparkthemselves.Andtheycanreturntotheirownerswhencontrolledbyabuttononacellphone.Thevehi

4、cleiscalledtheEN-V(ElectricNetworked-Vehicle).ItisbuiltbyGeneralMotors,orGM,ariditpointstowhatfuturevehiclesmightbelike.Itisdesignedtobeenergy-saving,solveenvironmentalproblemsandhelpeasetrafficjams,parkingandsafetyconcerns.Theautomakersaysitsnextconceptcar(概念车)willhelpdriversgetwhatevertheywant.Acc

5、ordingtoGM,thecompanyhasalsodesignedanelectricvehiclenamedLeanMachine.However,itisasmallthree-wheelerandthissingle-seatervehiclelookslikeamotorcycle.Oneday,suchsmall,electricvehiclesmightsafelycarrypeoplearound,especiallyincrowdedcities.Scientistsandengineersarefindingnewwaystomakecarssafer,smartera

6、ndmoreefficient,oruselessenergy.Newcarsmayhelpyoukeeptrackofyourhealthbyremindingyoutotakemedicine.Ifit'selectric,yourcarmaysendyouamessageremindingyoutorechargeit.Carswilltalktoothercars,yourcomputer,yourphoneandyouriPad.They'llhelpdriverssaveenergy,watchoutforotherdriversandavoidwalkersont

7、hestreets.Thisisthefutureofvehicles:safer,smarterandmoreenergy-saving.Besides,theymightevendrivethemselvesdownthehighwayorthroughacity.Youcansitbackandenjoytheride.1. Whydidpeoplegettogetherataparkinglot?A. Theywantedtoseesomecolorfuleggs.B. Theycametoseeanunusualparkinglot.C. Theycametowatchakindof

8、newvehicle.D. Theywereinvitedtodrivesomesmartvehicles.2. AccordingtoParagraph3,futurecarscandoallofthefollowingthingsEXCEPTA. runningbothonlandandinwaterB. helpingkeeptrackofyourhealthC. talkingtoothercarsandyourphoneD. savingenergyandavoidingpassers-by3. BoththeEN-VandLeanMachine.A. haveonlytwowhee

9、lsB. canholdtwopassengersC. areenvironment-friendlyD. looklikeamotorcycle4. Thetextismainlyabout.A. aparkinglotB. thefutureofcarsC. thetrafficrulesinAmericaD. thefunctionsofmoderncars答案：1.C2.A3.C4.BNO2热空气占据更大空间WarmairneedsmoreroomAsitstemperaturerises,airstartstoactalittledifferently.Findoutwhathapp

10、enstoaballoon(气球)whentheairinsideitheatsupwiththisfunscienceexperimentforkids.Whatyouwillneed.Anemptybottle Aballoon Apotofhotwater(notboiling)Instructions1.Stretch（伸展）theballoonoverthemouthoftheemptybottle.2. Putthebottleinthepotofhotwater.Letitstandforafewminutesandwatchwhathappens.Whatishappening

11、?Astheairinsidetheballoonheatsup,itstartstoexpand.Themolecules（分子）begintomovefasterandfurtherapartformeachother.Thisiswhatmakestheballoonstretch.Thereisstillthesameamountofairinsidetheballoonandthebottle.Ithasjustexpandedasitheatsup.Warmairthereforetakesupmorespacethanthesameamountofcoldair.Italsowe

12、ighslessthancoldairoccupying（占据）thesamespace.Youmighthaveseenthisprinciple（原理）inactionifyou'veflowninorwatchedahotairballoon1. Whatdon'tyouneed?A. Anemptybottle.B.AballoonC.Apothotwater.D.Acup.2. Youshouldputinthepotofhotwater.A. thebottleB.theballoonC.thecupD.theair3. Whatdoestheunderlinedw

13、ord“expand”mean?A.收缩B.膨胀C.运动D.远离4. Whenairisheated,whatwillhappen?A. Themoleculesmoveslowerandgettogether.B. Themoleculeswillstopmoving.C. Themoleculesmovefasterandfurtherapartfromeachother.D. Themoleculeswillgetclosertoeachother.5. Wheremayyouseethepassage?A. OnasciencemagazineforkidsB. Inastoryboo

14、kC. InacartoonbookD. InanEnglishbook.答案：DABCANO3.-眼睛识别系统Sooncomputersandothermachineswillbeabletorememberyoubylookingatyoureyes!Theprogrammeworksbecauseeveryone'seyesaredifferent.Sointhefutureyouwon'thavetorememberanumberwhenyouwanttouseamachineortakemoneyoutofabank.You'lljusthavetolooka

15、tthemachineanditwillbeabletotellwhoyouare.Theeye-recognition（眼睛识另U）programmeistestedinshopsandbanksintheUSA,BritainandItaly.Scientistsareworkingonothersystems,suchasknowingyoufromtheshapeofyourfaceorhandorevenyoursmell!Andmachinescanalreadytellwhoyouarefromyourvoiceoryourfingerprint（指纹）.Buteye-recog

16、nitionwillreplaceotherwaysoffindingoutwhoyouare.Itisbetter,becauseyoureyesdon'tchangeasyougetolder,orgetdirtylikehandsorfingers.Andeventwinshavedifferenteyes,sotheprogrammecanbeupto94%correct,dependingonhowgoodthetechnologyis.InBritain,itwasfoundthat91%ofpeoplesaidthattheylikedtheideaofeye-recog

17、nition.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。【小题1】Wherehastheprogrammeforrememberingeyesbeentested?ABanksandfactories.BBanksandshops.CSchoolsandcomputers.DSchoolsandshops.【小题2】Howdoestheeye-recognitionprogrammework?AYoulookatthemachineandtypeanumber.BYouneedtospeakandthenlook.CThemachinelooksatyourface.DYoulookatthemachine

18、.!【小题3】Whichrecognitiontechnologyisalreadyinuse?ARememberingeyesorsmell.BRememberingfingerprintsorvoices.CRememberingfacesorvoices.DRememberinghandsorfaces.!【小题4】Whatproblemscouldtherebewiththeeye-recognitionprogramme?A. Someeyesarethesame.B.Eyescanchange.CItisnotalwayscorrect.DEyescangetdirty.【小题5】

19、Whatistheadvantageoftheeye-recognitionprogramme?A. Youneedn'trememberanumber.B. Youneedn'ttakemoneywithyouC. Youdon'tneedtolookatthemachine.D. Peoplethinkit'sinteresting.答案：BDBCANO4.网络科技的利弊No.1ComputersathomeNumberOpinionsNo.1Computergamesaregreat!They'rebetterthanTV.On'TVyou

20、canwatchaspaceship,butinacomputergameyoucanflyaspaceship!No.2Computersarebadforourhealth.Inthepast,childrenranaroundandplayedsports.Nowtheyjustsitathome。No.3AlotofchildrenspendtoomuchtimeoncomputersTheystartplayingandthentheycan'tstop。Theydon'ttalktoanyone.Theyjustsitandlookatthecomputersfor

21、hoursandhours.No.4Whenchildrenplaywithcomputers,theylearntousethem.Computerswillbeveryimportantinthefuture.Sochildrenshouldplaywiththemandlearnaboutthem.No.5Theinternetisveryuseful.Thereismoreinformation.OntheInternetthanintheworld'sbiggestlibrary.No.6Alotofcomputergamesarevery,bad.Thereisalotof

22、shootingandkilling.Thesegamesareterrible.YouseebadthingsonTVbutincomputergamesyoudobadthings.Itcan'tbegoodforus.No.7Idon'tthinkchildrenlearnmuchfromcomputersTheycan'tlearnaboutlifefromacomputer.Andtheycan'tdotheirhomeworkiftheyplaycomputergamesallthetime.No.8I'vegotfriendsallover

23、theworldI'veneverseenanyofthem,butIknowthemallwellbecausewesende-mailstoeachother.Mycomputeristhedoortotheworld!()1nacomputergame,youexcitingthings.A. justwatchB.doC.readD.listen()2.InthepastchildrenA. werelesshealthyB.satathomeC.talkedtonobodyD.didmoresports()3.YoucanfindinformationontheInterne

24、tthaninthelibrary.A. betterB.moreC.moreusefulD.less()4.Somegamesareverybadbecauseyoubadthingsinsomecomputergames.A. onlyseeB.hearC.doD.say()5.YoucanuseacomputertoA. opendoorsB.visitothercountriesC.makenewfriendsD.onlyplaygames答案：BDBCCNO5.-卫星气象Nowsatellitesarehelpingtoforecast(预报)theweather.Theyarein

25、space,andtheycanreachanypartoftheworld.Thesatellitestakepicturesoftheatmosphere,becausethisiswheretheweatherforms.Theysendthesepicturestotheweatherstations.Someteorologists(气象学家)canseetheweatherofanypartoftheworld.Fromthepictures,thescientistscanoftensayhowtheweatherwillchange.Today,nearlyfivehundre

26、dweatherstationsinsixtycountriesreceivesatellitepictures.Whentheyreceivenewpictures,themeteorologistscomparethemwithearlierones.Perhapstheymayfindthatthecloudshavechangedduringthelastfewhours.Thismaymeanthattheweatheronthegroundmaysoonchange,too.Intheirnextweatherforecast,themeteorologistscansaythis

27、.Sotheweathersatellitesareagreathelptothemeteorologists.Beforesatelliteswereinvented,thescientistscouldforecasttheweatherforabout24or48hours.Nowtheycanmakegoodforecastsforthreeorfivedays.Soon,perhaps,theymaybeabletoforecasttheweatherforaweekormoreahead.小题1:Satellitestravel.AinspaceBintheatmosphereCa

28、bovethegroundDabovespace小题2:Whydoweusetheweathersatellitestotakepicturesoftheatmosphere?BecauseAtheweathersatellitescandoiteasilyBcloudsformthereCtheweatherformsthereDthepicturescanforecasttheweather小题3:Meteorologistsforecasttheweather.AwhentheyhavereceivedsatellitepicturesBaftertheyhavecomparednews

29、atellitepictureswithearlieronesCbeforetheyreceivedsatellitepicturesDduringtheystudysatellitepictures小题4:Maybewe'llsoonbeabletoforecasttheweatherfor.AonedayBtwodaysCfivedaysDsevendaysorevenlonger小题5:Themainideaofthispassageisthatsatellitesarenowusedin.AtakingpicturesoftheatmosphereBreceivingpictu

30、resoftheatmosphereCdoingotherworkinmanywaysDweatherforecasting答案：ACBDDNO6.-睡眠Itdoesn'tmatterwhenandhowmuchapersonsleeps,buteveryoneneedssomeresttostayalive.That'swhatalldoctorsthought,untiltheyheardaboutHerpin.Herpin,itwassaid,neverslept.Couldthisbetrue?Thedoctorsdecidedtoseethisstrangemanth

31、emselves.Herpinwas90yearsoldwhenthedoctorscametohishomeinNewJersey.Theythoughtforsurethathegotsomesleepofsomekind.Sotheystayedwithhimandwatchedeverymovementhemade.Buttheyweresurprised.Thoughtheywatchedhimhourafterhouranddayafterday,theyneversawhimsleeping.Infact,hedidnotevenownabed.Heneverneededone.

32、TheonlyrestthatHerpinsometimesgotwassittinginacomfortablechairandreadingnewspapers.Thedoctorswerepuzzledbythisstrangecontinuoussleeplessness.Theyaskedhimmanyquestions,hopingtofindananswer.Theyfoundonlyoneanswerthatmightexplainhiscondition.Herpinrememberedsometalkabouthismotherhavingbeeninjuredsevera

33、ldaysbeforehewasborn.Butthatwasall.Wasthistherealreason?Noonecouldbesure.Herpindiedattheageof94.【小题1】ThemainideaofthispassageisthatAlargenumbersofpeopledonotneedsleepBapersonwasfoundwhoactuallydidn'tneedanysleepCeveryoneneedssomesleeptostayaliveD.peoplecanliveIongerbytryingnottosleep【小题2】Thedoct

34、orscametovisitHerpin,expectingA. tocurehimofhissleeplessnessB. tofindthathissleeplessnesswasnotreallytrueC. tofindoutwhysomeoldpeopledidnotneedanysleepD. tofindawaytofreepeoplefromtheneedofsleeping【小题3】Afterwatchinghimclosely,thedoctorscametobelievethatHerpinA. neededsomekindofsleepB. wastoooldtonee

35、danysleepC. needednosleepatallD. oftensleepinachair【小题4】OnereasonthatmightexplainHerpin'ssleeplessnesswasA. hismother'sinjurybeforehewasbornB. thathehadgraduallygotridofthesleepinghabitC. hismagnificentphysicalconditionD. thathehadn'tgotabed【小题5】Herpin'sconditioncouldberegardedasA.ac

36、ommononeB.onethatcouldbecuredC.veryhealthyD.arareone答案：BBCADNO7.智能服装Inthenewcentury,peopleuse"smartclothes"notonlyforcoveringtheirbody,butalsoformanyotherkindsofuses.1AGermanclothingmakerinventedthe"MP3bluejacket".PeoplecanusethiskindofjacketasbothaMP3playerandacellphone.AnEnglis

37、hcompany（公司）developed（开发）aclothkeyboard,theyputitontoyourpants.2Ifitgetsdirty,youcanwashitandmakeitclean.Asthetechnology（技术）improves,smartclotheswillgetmuchsmarter.Scientistsaredevelopingclothesthatcanshowyourbodytemperatureandheatyouupbeforeyoufeelcold.3Theycantellthedoctorwhenyouareindanger.Thiste

38、chnologycanalsoprovide（提供）importantinformationaboutyourenvironment.4JacketswithGPS（全球定位系统）technologycankeepyoufromgettinglost.Peoplebegintolovetheidea.MaybesmartclotheswillbecommononParisstreetsonedayandeveninyourhome.阅读上面短文，把AD四个句子填入文中1-4空缺处，使短文内容完整，然后完成第5题。A.Shirtscanwarnyouofseriouspollution.B. S

39、omekindsofsmartclothescomeintothemarket.C. Youcancontrolyourcomputerwithiteasilyanywhere.D. Othersmartclothestoweararespecialmedical（医疗的）ones.5.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.SmartClothesintheMarketB. SmartClothesonParisStreetsC. SmartClothesfortheNewCenturyD. SmartClotheswithKeyboard答案：1-5BCDACNO

40、8.智能城市Haveyounoticedyourlifebecomingalittleeasier?Now,whenyougotoacertainshoppingmall,youcanenjoyitsfreeWi-Fithere.Whenyouwanttotakeataxi,youcanbookonewithyourphone.Infact,allthesecanbeseenasthebasicpartsofasmartcity.TheideaofasmartcitywasbroughtupbyUScompanyIBMin2010.Generally,asmartcityisacitythat

41、usesdigitaltechnologiessuchastheInternettoimprovecityplanning,savemoneyandresources,andmakeourlifeconvenient.Howsmartcanacitybe?Herearegreatexamplesthatwecanlearnfrom.In2009,DubuquebecamethefirstsmartcityintheUS.Thecityusedsmartwatermeterstotaketheplaceoftraditionalwatermeters.Theycandetect探测）waterw

42、asteandleakage（泄漏）andsenddatatoletthehouseownerknow.Thesamesystemisusedforothercityresourceslikeelectricityandnaturalgas.Thisway,peopleknowhowtheyusetheirresourcesandaregladtohelpreducewaste.SantanderinSpainalsogivesusalookatthefuture.Ifpeoplepointaphonetowardanearbybusstop,thephoneimmediatelyshowsa

43、llbuslinesthatservethestopaswellastheirarrivaltimes.ThegovernmentorganizedaresearchteamandprovidedanApp应用程序）thatcollectsdataonalmosteverything:light,temperature,andthemovementsofcarsandpeople.OpeningtheAppnearasupermarketprovidesimmediateinformationonspecialoffers.1. Accordingtothepassage,whichofthe

44、followingisTRUE?A.Digitaltechnologiesareusedinsmartcities.B. AnEnglishcompanyfirstraisedtheideaofasmartcity.C. AsmartcityismainlymadeupoffreeWi-Fiandphones.D. Asmartcityisstillanideaandhasn'tcomeintobeing.2. Theunderlinedword“convenient”istheclosestinmeaningto.A.usefulB.normalC.suitableD.easy3.

45、Comparedtotraditionalwatermeters,smartwatermetersdobetterin.A.cleaningwaterB.supplyingwaterC.savingwaterD.producingwater4. TheexampleofSantandershowstheuseofsmartsystemsinaspects方面）EXCEPTA.businessB.healthcareC.trafficcontrollingD.publictransportation5. What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A. Digitalte

46、chnologieshelpimprovecityplanning.B. Smartcitieswillmakeourfuturelifebetterandsmarter.C. SmartcitiesareverycommoninbothDubuqueandSantander.D. SpainandtheUStaketheleadingpositioninbuildingsmartcities.答案：ADCBBNO9.大脑科学Amanentersastoretobuymilk.Hewalksoutofthestorewithmilk.Thatisallmilk.Atthesametime,aw

47、omanentersthesamegrocerystorealsotobuymilk.Shebuysit.But,shealsobuyschickenandlemonstomakedinnerthatnight.Thensherememberstobuyfoodforhersontoeatatschool.Shealsogetsabottleofwinefordrinkswithfriendsandabirthdaycardforherhusband'sniece.Thenshegetscoffeeforbreakfast,icecreamfordessertandrememberss

48、tampstomailthebills.Anddon'tforgetsoapforthebathroom.Andthatisthedifferencebetweenthefemaleandmalebrainssimplyexplainedinagrocerystore.Generallyspeaking，mendoonethingatatime.Womendomany.Doingmanythingsatonetimeisoftencalled“multi-tasking”,averypopularwordthesedays.Nowscientificresearchsupportsthistheoryaboutmaleandfemalebrains.Arecentstudyhasconfirmedwhatwehaveknownallalongmenandwomenthinkdifferently.ScientistattheuniversityofPennsylvaniastudiedbrainimagesof949peopleagedfrom8to22yearsol