大学英语阅读理解及解答精编WORD版

1、大学英语阅读理解及解答精编WORD版IBM system office room A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8Passage 1I m pretty confident that there will never be a day when all the world is in agreement about the best human diet I m an omnivore myself, but I have friends who swear by their paleo, vegetarian, and vegan diets. All of u

2、s can make compelling arguments about why we cat the way we do, and all of us can make valid criticisms of diets that arc unlike our own.For me, deciding how and what to cat required a close examination of the values and principles that truly matter to me. The type of food we consume has immediate h

3、ealth and economic consequences, but it also has a significant impact on our environment.As a study shows, the maimer and scale at which our society currently raises animal for human consumption contributes to climate change in major way. It also wastes water, pollutes our soil, and contaminates fre

4、sh water supplies. So if you re really trying to live a low-impact life, eating less meat and ensuring that the meat you do cat is raised by responsible farmers and ranchers could help you shrink your carbon footprint a lot faster than buying a hybrid or skipping showers.1. The author believes that

5、()A. people will be more and more rational in choosing the food they cat.B. the arguments about what should be eaten will never come to an end.C. people will someday reach a consensus on what the best food is.D people will be more and more fastidious in choosing the food they cat.2. When deciding ho

6、w and what to cat, the author ()A. has some important principles to follow.B. will consult with his friends.C. will follow the instructions of his friends.D considers only his own interests. J3. The type of food we cat ()A. has an indirect but great effect on our environment.B. has nothing to do wit

7、h our environment.C. has nothing to do with our health.D. is decided only by our economic status. J r4. What is implied in Paragraph 3()A. We should stop raising animals for human consumption.B. We should stop eating animals.C The way animals arc raised for human consumption should be improved.D. En

8、vironmental pollution and climate change arc caused by raising animals for human consumption.Passage 2Americans arc too busy for lunch breaks, reports AOL. Rather than leaving the office for some much needed relaxation, most workers arc opting to dine at their desks. According to a survey, 62% of Am

9、erican office workers usually eat their lunch in the same spot they work all day.In a weakened economy, many employees feel a heightened need to prove their worth or look like a superstar worker who goes above and beyond to get the job done. Plus, when coworkers arc working through their lunch break

10、s, no one wants to be the person who looks like a slacker.For others, it is not just a matter of saving time, but saving money. Eating out routinely gets expensive, so bringing a lunch to cat at the desk is also the thrifty choice for the American worker.On a national level, the United States docs n

11、ot mandate that businesses allow their employees a lunch break. However, 22 states do have explicit laws on the books stating that workers must take a half hour to hour lunch break. Nonetheless, even workers in these states often find themselves ignoring the law to chow down next to their computers.

12、In addition to lunch, 27% will cat breakfast at their desk (at least they arc not skipping it altogether), and 50% will snack at their desk throughout the workday. Unfortunately, using the desk as a dining table could be a health hazard. With about two in three workers admitting they clean their des

13、k less than once a month, the unsanitary surface leaves workers susceptible to foodbornc illnesses.1. According to the report by AOL, most American office workers usually ()A. take lunch at their desks.B. take a nap after lunch.C. go out to cat at lunch time.D enjoy free lunch.2. ( ) makes the Ameri

14、can employees feel a heightened need to prove their worth.A. The employers encouragementB. An upturn in economyC. The cozy working environment.D. A downturn in economy.J3. According to Paragraph 4, ( )?A. most states of America have passed the laws stating that workers must take some lunch break.B t

15、he workers in the 22 states work fewer hours than those in the other states.C. the workers in the 22 states do not necessarily take a better lunch break than those in the other states.D. the workers in the 22 states take a longer lunch break than those in the other states.4. What is a disadvantage o

16、f taking lunch at the desk?A. It may save time for the employees.B It may do harm to the employees? health.C. It may save money R)r the employees.D. It may help the employees reduce their weight.Passage 3In many urban centers throughout the world, vibrant waste recycling programs arcii t just cco-mi

17、xidcd niceties, but they serve an essential role in keeping communities clean and cluttcr-frcc. But thanks to one forward-thinking initiative in the Brazilian city ofjundiai, trading in trash has never been tastier.Ten years ago, the city s Municipal Utilities Department launched Delicious Recycling

18、” , a program aimed at encouraging residents to get into the habit of collecting recyclable waste in exchange for fresh vegetables, grown locally in a public-run garden and boy did it take off. Today, the garden boasts more than 30 thousand plants to meet the demand of thousands of veggie-loving rec

19、yclers, turning aluminum cans and plastic bottles into edible greens.Ultimately, the program has done wonders for the health of the environment as well, by ridding the city of improperly disposed waste.“VChat once cluttered and even choked the flow of water from storm drains is today used asJ curren

20、cy &)r healthy food/ local mayor Miguel Haddad tells Jundiai Online u Everybody wins with this.”As innovative as Jundiai， s “Delicious Recycling, may seem, it s actually not the first of its kind, but given the program s success, it s no wonder why though a number of other Brazilian municipalities o

21、ffer similar incentives to reward recyclers with food, the idea seems to be catching internationally like in Mexico City, where residents recently exchanged trash for nearly three tons of vegetables!1. Waste recycling programs ()A. arc paid little attention to in many urban centers.B. help make comm

22、unities clean and tidy.C. have nothing to do with the sanitation of communities.D. arc inactive in manv urban centers.J2. The purpose of “Delicious Recycling is ()A. to teach residents how to make delicious food.B to reward residents who do well in classifying rubbish.C. to encourage residents to tr

23、ade recyclable waste for meat or vegetables.D- to encourage residents to trade recyclable waste ft)r vegetables.3. According to local mayor Miguel Haddad,()A. water in storm drains is flowing more freely than before because the trash in it has been removed.B. water in storm drains can be exchanged f

24、or healthy food.C. water in storm drains is essential to the growing of fresh vegetables.D there is more trash in storm drains now than there used to be.4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Delicious Recycling” has failed to achieve the desired result.B. There arc no waste recycling pr

25、ograms in other Brazilian municipalities.C. Mexico City is probably imitating J undiai s Delicious Recycling” .D. Waste recycling programs in other Brazilian municipalities arc more successful than Jundiai? s “Delicious Recycling” .Passage 4A class action lawsuit has been filed against General Mills

26、 for misrepresenting the product it calls Yoplait Greek. It isn， t Greek, and it isn t yogurt. The sales()f Yoplait Greek already lag far behind other brands such as Chobaiii and Fagc in an exploding Greek yogurt market, and this latest lawsuit won t help any.“Yoplait Greek does not comply with the

27、standard of identity of yogurt,“ the lawsuit states. uIndeed, Yoplait Greek contains Milk Protein Concentrate ( MPC ) which is not among the permissible ingredients of yogurt, non-fat yogurt, and low-fat yogurt (collectively “yogurt ) as set forth under the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.”Authentic Gr

28、eek yogurt is thicker in consistency and richer in protein because it s strained of liquid whey. But MPC offers an alternative to this process. It is, as described on FoodNavigator-USA, “a very high protein dry milk product, which has been touted for use in Grcck-stylc products to increase their pro

29、tein content and provide a thick, creamy texture without the need for expensive straining/In its corporate eagerness to claim a larger share of the Greek yogurt market, General Mills adds MPC to Yoplait Greek because, as reported in the Minneapolis / St. Paul Business Journal, it is ucheaper to stor

30、e and transport than wet milk and costs less than dry milk due to minimal tariffs on MPC imports and lower foreign milk prices. New Zealand is the biggest supplier of MPC to the United States. In short, as stated in the lawsuit, “Thu use of MPC is financially advantageous to defendants. It allows Ge

31、neral Mills to manufacture more product at lower cost, and that s the only reason it s in the yogurtNever mind that the use of the substance in yogurt flouts FDA rules for the standard of identity of the food. So far the extent of General Mills, s defense is that the FDA never explicitly prohibited

32、MPC in yogurt. That s a lesson in logic. Any substance that is not explicitly prohibited is officially permitted.Never mind, as well, the questionable safety of the substance, which is not included on the FDA list of substances generally recognized as safe (GRAS) or on the FDA list of fbod additives

33、. In other words, it hasn, t actually been approved for use in food.1. The lawsuit against General Mills ()A. is a leading factor that has caused the sales of Yoplait Greek to lag behind other brands.B. will make the sales of Yoplait Greek lag behind other brandsC. will help increase the sales of Yo

34、plaiv Greek.D has no direct relationship with the fact that the sales of Yoplait Greek have already lagged far behind other brands.2. Authentic Greek yogurt ()A. is strained of liquid whey.B. thicker in consistency than Yoplait Greek.C. richer in protein than Yoplait Greek.D. contains MPC.3. Accordi

35、ng to the lawsuit, it is ( ) that General Mills adds MPC to Yoplait Greek.A. for the improvement of its qualityB. for the convenience of transportationC. for the reduction of costsD. for the extension of its shelflife4. Which of the following statements is true?A. The FDA has approved the use of MPC

36、 in yogurt.B. MPC is on the FDA list of substances generally recognized as safeC. The FDA has neither prohibited nor approved the use of MPC in yogurt.D. MPC is on the FDA list of food additives.Passage 5Apples have become the latest controversial entry into the genetically modified food debate, fol

37、lowing a July 12 New York Times piece written by Andrew Pollack. Okanagan Specialty Fruits, a small British Columbia company, wants to start marketing a non-browning apple, and it has applied for approval in Canada and in the United States.The Arctic apple, available so far in the Golden Delicious a

38、nd Granny Smith varieties, contains an extra copy of a gene which interferes with the enzymatic activity that causes browning. The enzyme is polyphenol oxidase.According to Neal Carter, founder and president of Okanagan Specialty Fruits, the nonbrowning Arctic apple is just what consumers arc lookin

39、g for. A whole apple, he tells the Times, is a for many people too big a commitment/ and apple slices that have browned just aren, t appetizing. (VC7hat a burden we bear - to have to cat a whole apple, let alone an unsightly one.)Carter suggests that it is merely a cosmetic change intended to encour

40、age people to cat more apples. But it， s more than that, of course.It is intended “lx)turn the apple into an industrialized product,“ said Lucy Sharratt, coordinator of the Canadian Biotechnology Action Network, as reported in the Times. In Common Ground, a Canadian monthly magazine dedicated to hea

41、lth, wellness and ecology, Yukon farmer Tom Rudge says, “We should cat real food instead of genetically engineering ail apple so companies can slice it, wrap it in plastic and truck it across the country. Organic apple farmer Harry Burton of Salt Spring Island secs it as “an indication of our distan

42、cing from nature/As Pollack reports, the U.S. Apple Association opposes the introduction of the Arctic apple, but not out of any objection to genetic engineering. In fact, they declare on their website that in order to continue discovering new and valuable benefits from apples, U.S. Apple supports a

43、dvancements from technology and genetics and genomics research.w The problem for U.S. Apple, Pollack writes, is that the non-browning Arctic apple could undermine the fruit s image as a healthy and natural food, the one that keeps the doctor away and is as American as, well, apple pie.”1. As to the

44、Arctic apple, which of the following svatemenvs is wronA. It will not turn brown.B. There is no cnzvmatic activity in its body. JJJC. It is a kind of genetically modified food.D The enzymatic activity that causes browning has been reduced.2. According to Neal Carter,()A. The non-brownin? Arctic appl

45、e is very popular among consumers.B A new type of smaller apple will be developed to meet the demand of some consumers.C. The color of apples has nothing to do with one s appetite.D. The non-browning Arctic apple is more nutritious than other varieties.3. From what the organic farmers said, we know

46、that it is undesirable to ()A. cat real food instead of genetically modified food.B. attach more importance to industry than to agriculture.C. cultivate farm products in an industrialized way.D be close to nature.4. Why is the U.S. Apple Association against the introduction of the Arctic apple?A. Be

47、cause it is against genetic engineering.B. Because it cannot benefit from this kind of apple.C. Because this kind of apple will undermine the fruit s image as a healthy and natural food.D The reason is not mentioned in the passage.Passage 1 l.B.根据第一段可知，人们永远无法对什么是最佳食物这一问题达成共识，人们永远有理由说 明自己选择的食物是最好的，别人不同于自己的食物是不好的，所以选B.2. A根据第二段第一句(For