ENGLISH-详细讲解-句子成分主谓宾

1、组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分：1. 主语:是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明是“什么人” ， “ 什么事”.通常由名词,代词,动词不定式,动名词来充当.1.Lucy likes her new bike. 2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.主谓宾定状补 表2.谓语:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词充当.动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词.1.they work very hard.2.Tom feels

2、much better now. ( (系动词系动词, ,后面接形容词后面接形容词表示状态表示状态 You are wonderful. She looks beautiful) )情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.3.宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在及物动词或介词后面.由名词,代词, 动词不定式,动名词,数词和宾语从句构成.1.We study English. 2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted

3、 to have a pen. 4.She likes playing basketball.5. 3 multiplied by 7 is 21.6. Our teacher said that he would go there.双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。 He gave me two books.3. 表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态. My sister is a nurse. The trees turn green. The flower is beautiful . To see is to believe . 4.定语:用来修

4、饰名词或代词的词.形容词,形容词性物主代词,名词,不定式,介词短语,不定代词等. This is a red car. The building is their teaching building. The woman doctor is my wife. I have something to tell you. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. Every student has an English book.5.状语:说明动作或状态特征修饰用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子.副词,介词短语,动词不定式,以及 after, when, a

5、s soon as , until, if, before等引起的从句.You are quite right.They often draw in the park. We came here in order to learn English.If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.6. 宾补：补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）宾语+ 宾补叫复合宾语，复合宾语有以下几种类型： 1 名词（代词）+ 不定式 2 名词（代词）+ 分 词 3 名词（代词）+ 名 词 4 名词 （代词）+ 形容词 1 名词（代词）+ 不定式John as

6、ked me to help him. Let him go home. I saw her come out of the room. 名词（代词）+ 分词 （现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动）I found him standing at the gate .She could feel her heart beating violently.He spoke slowly in order to make himself understood.He spoke loudly in order to make himself heard. 名词（代词）+ 名词（作宾补的表示独一无二的职位

7、前不加the.)They appointed her head of the English Department.They made him captain of the ship .名词（代词）+ 形容词 We must keep the room clean. We found her busy. I found the story interesting.简单句的五种基本句型1 主语+谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi型）He came.She dances.2 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(S+Vt+O)I saw her.They like watching TV. 3 主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO) (IO indirect) I gave her a book. She showed her friends all the pictures.4 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) I am