中考专题：时间状语从句和条件状语从句学案

1、中考专题：时间状语从句和条件状语从句学案Q1:什么是状语？通过一个简单例句的拓展，看看状语是什么I.She bought a present.主+谓+宾（无状语）2. She bought a present hurriedly at the train station when the train was coming.方式状语地点状语时间状语3. She would buy a present at the train station if she had enough time.地点状语条件状语4. She bought a present at the train station wi

2、th a lot of luggage in her arms.地点状语伴随状语5. She bought a present hurriedly at the train station because the train was coming.方式状语地点状语原因状语A:状语是说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式和伴随状况等的一种句子成分。Q2:什么是状语从句？根据其含义状语从句可分为 时间状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，目的状语从句， 让步状语从句，比较状语从句，地点状语从句时间状语从句常用 when, as, while, before, after, si

3、nce, till, until, as soon as 等连词来引导Z,X,X,K状条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导语原因状语从句通常由 because, since, as弓 1 导从结果状语从句由 so- that, such that 导句目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that 弓 1 导让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导比较状语从句通常由as - as,比较级+ than 等连词引导地点状语从句常常由 where, wherever来弓1导本节课主要学习时间状从和条件状从。一、时间状语从句（ 时间状语从句是由 when,

4、as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as等从属连词引导 的状语从句。）l.when用法观察： When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When we arrived at the scene and see blood everywhere., we called an ambulance.小结：表示“当（在）时候"时，when相当于at that time或during that time ,既指时间点，也可指一段时间，引导的从句可用瞬间动词，

5、也可用延续性动词（相当于while）;与主句所表达的动作有先后，也可同时进行。翻译：我正要出去时电话响了。My grandparents wrote letters to keep in touch with others they were young.A. whenB. sinceC. afterD. beforeThe manager of the hotel was waiting at the gate the guests arrived.A. whileB. whenC. unlessD. after2 .while 用法while从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，它的意思

6、是：当 while事件正在发生的时候，另一件 事如何如何。所以， while从句一般用的是进行时，而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求，根据具体情况而 a£o例：1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.2. While they were talking, the bell rang.正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。Mr. Black walked around and offered help we were doing an experiment.A. whileB. althoughC .untilD

7、. unless【注意】while也可用作并列连词，译为“然而，可是"，表示一种强烈的转折对比关系。例： We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, in fact, there were 40.I ' d like to study law at universitymy cousin prefers geography.3 .as用法1）as从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。as从句一般可以翻译成边边as从句用的一般不用进行时，而用一般过去时。例如：The students took n

8、otes as they listened.学生们边听课边做笔记。2） as表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as只是一个次要的时间说明，不像 while从句有强调while动作本身的意思。因此，as常常翻译成随着之意。例：1. As the time went on , the weather got worse.随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕。2. As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer.when, while, as 的互换如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when , while ,

9、 as可以互换使用。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. dance 为延续性动词 2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. make 为延续比较 while, when, as1) as, when引导短暂性动作的动词。例：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可

10、用as或while。例：When youhave finished your work, you may have a rest.3)从句表示随时间推移“连词能用as,不用when或while。例： As the day went on, the weather got worse.(9)改错 When the days go on , the weather is getting colder and colder.考点： 观察： While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. He often makes mistakes wh

11、en speaking English.,或者从句主语是 且从句小结：当when, while引导的时间状语从句，从句和主句的主语 中含有,可以省略从句中的 和。(15) She always sings while (do) her work.(16)翻译：当她在工厂工作时，他教了许多朋友。(用省略句)4.until和till的用法1)这两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。肯定句：I slept until midnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。Wait till I call y

12、ou.等着我叫你。否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.她直至U 6 点才到。Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.公共汽车停稳后再下车。2）区别：1） until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Till在口语中用得比较多。 例如： Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.3 .句型It is not until 由题调旬）例：It was not until I began to work that I r

13、ealized how much time I had wasted.4 .Not until在句首，主句用倒装。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.They walked till /until it was dark.（主句动词是持续动词 ）Xiao Ming didn ' t leaVeme till / until his father came back.（主句动词是瞬间动词 ）Exercise:1 .翻译：李华的朋友一直等着他直到他来。他的母亲直到汤姆回来才上床睡觉。2 .改错

14、： Till next week we ' ve put off the party.3 .同义句转换：I didn ' t leave until she came back.not until she came back I .（倒装句）she came back leave. （强调句）12. Jin Yong also founded Hong Kongs major-Clhgiesgenewspaper MingPao in 1959,and served as itseditor-in-chief until retiring in 1989.He served a

15、s Ming Pao ' siedcoef until he in 1989.5 .before 和 after 用法1. Before是主句动作发生在从句的前面。注意主句和从句之间的时间关系，当主句用将来时，从句总是 用现在时；如果before引导的从句用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时，这样以便体现动作发 生的先后。Please don ' t go to bed before you finish your homework.The robber had run away before the police arrived.观察两个句型： It was half a

16、year before I came back.半年后我才回来。It won ' t bxeng before we meet again.过不了多长时间我们就会再见面了。小结：It will be/ was + 一段时间+before一般现在时 / 一般过去时 可译为：It will not be/ was not + 一段时间+before一般现在时/ 一般过去时可译为：练习： It will be a long time we see each other again.It was a long time before I (find) a series of suitable

17、methods.2. After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如： He arrived after the game started.Bob, dinner is ready. Please wash your hands you eat.A. untilB. afterC. whileD. before6.The students are supposed to be quiet before the papers(hand) out.6.Since 用法由since, ever since引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始

18、的时间，译为自以来”。主句常用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时；常用句型为：It has been since句；It is + 一段时间+since从句。【例】 He has taught us Maths since he came here.Where have you been since I saw you last ?It is/has been ten years since I worked in the hospital.注意：对 since引导的时间状语提问要用 how 10ng练习：13. It ' s thousands of years since the Gre

19、at Wall(build). How amazing!As is reported, it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded.I have heard a lot of good things about you I came back from abroad.改错：It is a long time before I saw you last.7. as soon as 用法表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为 形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。就”。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原【例】 My brother wen

20、t out as soon as I got home.I'll phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua .8.由each time, every time 和 whenever弓I导的时间状语从句【例】 Each time she came to Hainan, she would call on me.You grow younger every time I see you.Wheneve r you go, I will follow you! Andy, when can we start to discuss the case gi

21、ven to you last week?I'll be ready to discuss it with you you have time.A. whateverB. wheneverC. howeverD. wherever时间状语从句中较难掌握的几点：在用until表达时间状语的句子中，1）如果主句动词是延续性动词，要用肯定句，【例】I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.2）如果主句动词是非延续性动词，则要用否定句，【例】 He didn't go to bed until his mother came back

22、 由since, for, by, before来引导的时间状语从句。1） since引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，【例】I have studied English since 1990.2）而由by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，【例】I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.3）而before则多用于完成时，ago则多用于一般过去时，【例】 He had finished his work before twelve yesterday.I left my hometown two years ago. 在状语从句

23、中用一般现在时表示将来。通常主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，【例】If it rains, they won ' t go to the park on Sunday.考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句如： I want to know if he will come here tomorrowI want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow二、条件状语从句（连词：if, unless）1.由if引导的从句，翻译为 “如果”，在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状 态。I &#

24、39; ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow.He won ' t be late unless he is ill.注意：if引导条件状语从句和宾语从句的区别1. if引导条件状语从句，表示如果”，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时表示将来2. if引导宾语从句，表示是否"，如果主句是一般现在时，从句可用各种对应的时态；如果主句是一般过去时，从句用过去的某种时态If it doesn't rain, I will go to the cinema tomorrow.I don't know if

25、 he will come tomorrow.2 .由unless引导的从句，意为 如果不；除非.”，unless和ifno同义，通常二者可以换用。由于本身已含有否意义，因此不要在unless后用否定句式。We will go there tomorrow unless it rains.= We will go there tomorrow if it doesn' rain.Don' t leave the building unless I tell you to.3 .祈使句+ and (or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。【例】 Hurry u

26、p, or you ' ll be late. =If you don ' t hurry up, you ' ll be late.Work hard , or you won ' t catch the other students.=Unless you work hard, you won ' t catch the other students.例题：1.We wonder if he to our party tonight.If he ,we will be very happy.A.will come,will come B.comes,

27、will come C.will come,comes D.comes,comes2 .You will never achieve success you devote yourself to your work.A.afterB. ifC. becauseD. unless3 .He will pass the driving test if he(not be) so careless.4 . If you ( give)another chance tomorrow, can you do it better, Lucy?5 .The situation will be worse i

28、f people don't act to protect the environment.=The situation will be worse people act to protect the environment.课堂练习：1. I can hardly believe my eyes. Is that you, Lucy?-Yes. It has been almost 20 years we saw last time.A. untilB. unlessC. sinceD. but2. -will the Suqian Spoken English test start

29、? -April 27.A.How long;Not until B.How soon;Until C.How soon;Not until D.How long;Until3. 一 I wonder how much you charge for your services.-The first two are free the third costs $30.A.whileB.untilC.whenD.before4. . 一 Hobo,can I eat the hamburger?Sure,if the dishes.A.washB.are washed C.is washed D.w

30、ill be washedt easily understand what you tenk. so.5. 一 you know when an idiom is being used, you canA. UnlessB. As soon asC. IfD. When1.1 ' ll go to play footbawith my friends after my homework (do)7 .Don ' t get off the bus until it(stop).8 . 一 When will he go to watch the basketball match

31、 in the sports centre?-Not until his work (finish)9 .- Do you have any problems if you (choose) to be the host?-Well, I am thinking about how to introduce each star.一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1 .阅读理解When I was eleven years old, God gave me a gift of happiness and I had a carefree childhood in France.One day, on

32、my way home from school, a truck ran over me and my legs were cut off. As I lay there bleeding, I suddenly realized that I might have to live the rest of my life without legs. How depressed I was at that moment! But then I realized that depression wouldn't get my legs back. So I decided not to w

33、aste my life feeling depressed. When my parents arrived at the hospital, they stood there quietly, looked so shocked and sad. I told them, already accepted the fact. Now you also have to get used to this.”Ever since then, I often see my friends getting worried about little things: their bus comes la

34、te; they get bad grades on a test. But I just enjoy life.I am lucky to realize that it is a waste of energy to focus on what you have lost, and that the key to happiness is to take pleasure in what you have. Sounds simple, doesn't it? So why are many people unhappy?People often think happiness i

35、s based on what they achieve." My whole life would improve if I had a newBut when you get the car and what happens? For a whole week you are walking on air. Then you go right back to being unhappy.Happiness is not a happening; it's a state of mind. Even though you have the whole world and y

36、ou'll still be unsatisfied. And you have relatively( 相对地)little but feel full of joy. Happiness comes from mastering the art of enjoying and taking pleasure in what you already have.(1) After the accident, the author didn't feel depressed anymore because.A. the doctors could help him get his

37、 legs back.B. he must comfort his parents at that time.C. he knew depression made no difference to him.D. he was just a childish and forgettable kid.2 2) In the author's opinion, the main cause of most people's unhappiness is they.A. don't want to achieve more for future.卜 B. pay so much

38、 and get so little.C. always compare with others.hD. pay so much attention to what they have lost.3 3) In paragraph 5, when the man gets the car he had expected.A. he will choose to walk on foot for a week.B. the car will bring a lasting happiness to him.C. he will find the car is no help for him at

39、 allD. he will go back to be unhappy after a few days4 4) The author wants to tell us.A. how one person enjoys a life without legsB. we should forget the loss and the gains in lifeC. happiness is just a state of mindD. our life will be improved if we fight for our dreams.【答案】(1) CD(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】

40、本文主要讲述了作者在11岁时因一场车祸失去了双腿，但他却并没有因此消沉，而是意识到真正幸福的生活源自懂得满足，不能总在意那些已失去的。(1)细节理解题。由文章第二段 "But then I realized that depression wouldn't get my legs back. So I decided not to waste my life feeling depressed.可知作者意识到沮丧并不能挽回自己的双腿，所以再不沮丧，C项沮丧对作者没有帮助作用，符合原文，故选Co(2)细节理解题。由文章第三段内容和第四段”it is a waste of ene

41、rgy to focus on what you have lost, andthat the key to happiness is to take pleasure in what you have.”可知作者认为普通人不幸福的原因是太在意那些失去的东西，D项符合，A,B,C文中均没有提到。故选 Do3 3)细节理解题。 文章第五段 “But when you get the car and what happens? For a whole week you are walking on air. Then you go right back to being unhappy.可知当一个

42、人有了一辆新车，刚开始确实很开心，但过一段时间仍旧会像从前样不开心，A,C文中没有提到，B说法错误，故选 Do(4)主旨大意题。A, 一个无腿的人如何过好生活，断章取义，本文只是以作者失去双腿引入；B,我们应该忘记生活中的得失，与文意不符，作者说的是不要太在意失去的实物，珍惜我们已经拥有的；C,幸福是一种思想上的状态，由文中最后一段 "Happiness is not a happening; it's a state of mind.可知，作者认为幸福来源于我们自己的意识，要学会转换思维，用相对的眼光对待生活，符合文意；D,为梦而战，提升生活品质，文章大意不符。故选Co【点

43、评】本文是一篇记叙说理文章，要读懂文章大意，理解作者想要表达的思想，申清题目，比较选项。2.阅读材料，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。Tony, a nine-year-old kid, is sitting at his desk when suddenly he wets( 尿湿)his pants. He thinks his heart is going to stop because he can't possibly know how this has happened. It has never happened before. He knows the aft

44、er -effect (后果)When the boys find out, he will never hear the end of it. When the girls find out, they'll never speak to him again as long as he lives.Tony puts his head down and say to himself, "Oh, no. What can I do? I need help now!"He looks up and notices the teacher coming, with a

45、 look in her eyes that says he has been discovered.As the teacher is walking to him, a classmate named Emily is carrying a glass that is full of water. Emilyfalls down in front of the teacher and drops the glass of water in Tony's pants. Tony seems to be angry, but all the while he is saying to

46、himself, "Thank you, dear! Thank you, dear!"Now all of a sudden, instead of being the person that everyone laughs at, Tony is the person of sympathy (同情).The person that everyone laughs at should be him, but now it is Emily.She tries to help, but they tell her, "You've done enough

47、, you stupid!"At the end of the day, as they were waiting for the bus, Tony walks over to Emily and says in a low voice," You did that on purpose, didn't you ?"Emily says back in a quiet voice, "I wet my pants, too."(1) What does Tony think the other boys will do if they

48、 find out the fact?A. They'll all laugh at him.B. They'll tell the teacher about it.C. They'll try to help him.D. They'll never speak to him again.(2) Which is right according to the passage?A. Emily drops the water on purpose.B. Tony is really angry with Emily.C.Tony and Emily don&#

49、39;t go home by bus. D.Tony and Emily aren't classmates.(3) We know that Emily is a girl from the passage?A. careless and lazy "B. quiet and bright“C. stupid and helplessD. kind and smart.【答案】(1) A(4) A(5) DTony的小男孩不小心尿湿裤子后生怕被人发【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。一个叫现，正在他陷入痛苦需要得到帮助时，正好同班同学使 Tony 免于被同学们嘲笑

50、，从而化解了危机。Emily 拿着一杯水走来， 故意把水撒在 Tony 身上，（ 1）细节理解题。根据第一段第五句 "When the boys find out, he will never hear the end ofit" ，以及 第五段第一句 "Now all of a sudden, instead of being the person that everyone laughs at," 可知这些男孩们会嘲 笑他。故选A。（ 2）根据文章倒数第二段"You did that on purpose, didn' tyou?&

51、quot; 和最后一段的 "I wet mypants once,too.",可知Emily是故意撒的水。可知选项A,符合文字内容，故选A;根据第四段最后句 Tony seems to beangry, but all the while he is saying to himself, "Thank you, dear! Thank you, dear!" 托尼似乎很生气，但他一直 在自言自语： 谢谢你，亲爱的！谢谢你，亲爱的！”可知Tony不是正的生气。选项B不符合文章内容，故排除B;根据倒数第二段第一句At the end of the day,

52、as they were waiting for the bus,可知他们他们在等公共汽车，推知他们是乘坐公共汽车回家，选项C不符合文章内容，故排除C;根据第四段第二句Emily fallsdown in front of the teacher and drops the glass of water in Tony's pants. 可以推知他们是同班同学。 选项 D 不 符合文章内容，故排除 Do综上所述，故选 Ao（ 3） 推理判断题。 根据第三段最后一句 "Tony seems to be angry, but all the while he is saying

53、to himself, "Thank you, dear! Thank you , dear!",可知是 Emily急中生智才化解了 Tony的尴尬处境，由此看出 Emily是 个善良又聪明的孩子，故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解。要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得 出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。3 阅读材料，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。Your English teacher has introduced a play to y

54、our class. Read the play.Characters: Benny, student, 14 years oldPeter, students, 15 years oldSusie, student, 14 years oldGrace, student, 14 years oldTime: One Sunday afternoon in autumnPlace: Sunny Park(The four teenagers have just finished the picnic. They are tidying up. )Benny: Wow! That was a g

55、reat picnic. I'm so full that I can hardly move.Grace: That's no excuse for not tidying up, Benny. Come over here and help me pack up the leftover food. Peter, can you put out the fire, please? And clean up the plate.Peter: (Speaking unhappily to himself) How can I always get the dirty and d

56、ifficult jobs?It's not fair.(Peter throws a bit of water on the fire. Then he picks up the ashes ( 灰烬)with an old newspaper and wants to throw them into the long grass.)Susie: (Sounding surprised) What are you doing, Peter? That's dPeter: Whoops -the newspaper has caught fire.Susie: And the

57、grass Benny, Grace, help! Help!(Benny and Grace come over quickly. They help put out the fire completely.)Peter: Oh, no. What have I done?Grace: You know that we should do everything carefully, don't you?Peter: (With his head in his hands) Yes. What have I done? What have I done?11) How does Pet

58、er feel about his job?A. Clean an easy 卜 B. Dirty and difficult t C. Great and interesting d D. Noisy and harmful(2) What word do you think Susie would say in the sentence "That's d'"?A. dirtyB. difficultC.deliciousD. dangerous(3) Which of the following sentences is true?A. There are five people in the play.B. Peter's carelessness causes the fire.C. They have a picnic in the morning.D. Benny refuses to help others tidy up.【答案】(1) BD3 3) B【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文以角色对话的形式展示了文