英语专题辅导与训练特殊句式与主谓一致ppt课件

1、第4讲 特殊句式和主谓一致【典题自测】1. (2019重庆高考)The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor _ it a thought. A. does he even give B. he even givesC. will he even give D. he will even give【解析】选C。考查倒装。句意：校长既不会允许课程上的变革, 也不会对其予以考虑。否定副词nor置于句首时, 句子要使用部分倒装。由第一分句中的will可知, 此处应用一般将来时。故选C。2. (2019江西高考)Never b

2、efore _ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. A. had she B. she hadC. has she D. she has【解析】选C。考查倒装句。句意：她以前从没见过打网球和罗伯特打得一样好的人。否定副词never放在句首, 后面的句子用倒装结构。由从句谓语动词没有与主句动作的具体对比的时态可知, C项正确。3. （2019辽宁高考Not until he retired from teaching three years ago _ having a holiday abroad. A. he had con

3、sidered B. had he consideredC. he considered D. did he consider【解析】选D。考查倒装句。句意：直到三年前他从教育行业退休, 他才考虑出国度假。Not until位于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装, 故排除选项A和C。又由题干中的three years ago提示可知要用一般过去时, 故选D。4. (2019天津高考)Only after Mary read her composition the second time _ the spelling mistake. A. did she notice B. she noticedC.

4、 does she notice D. she has noticed【解析】选A。考查倒装和时态。句意：只有当玛丽把作文读了第二遍之后, 她才注意到拼写错误。当only+状语位于句首时, 主句要用部分倒装。因此排除B和D两项；由从句中的Mary read可知, 动作发生在过去, 因此选A。5. （2019江苏高考It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. _, wed better take it to the garage immediately. A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for tha

5、t D. If so【解析】选D。考查省略结构。句意：听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话, 我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。otherwise否则, 要不然；if not如果不这样的话；but for that要不是因为那样；if so如果这样的话。根据句意可知D项符合句意。6. (2019重庆高考)It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa. A. when B. that C. after D. since 【解析】选B。考查强调

6、句。句意：在克里斯托弗哥伦布横跨大西洋80年前, 郑和就航行到了东非。强调句基本结构为：It is/was. . . that. . . 。本句被强调部分是时间状语从句80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic。故选B。7. (2019湖南高考)It was not until I came here _ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. A. who B. that C. where D. befo

7、re【解析】选B。考查强调句。句意：直到我来到这里我才意识到这个地方出名不仅仅是因为它的美丽还因为它的气候。本题考查强调句的特殊句式it was not until. . . that. . . 直到才。故B项正确。8. （2019四川高考Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down? A. where B. that C. which D. what【解析】选B。考查强调句型。句意: 船下沉一个月之后, 他才在一座孤岛上获救的吗？本句是强调句, 被强调部分是on a lonely isl

8、and, 故选B。9. (2019北京高考) _ at the door before you enter my room, please. A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock【解析】选A。考查祈使句。句意：在你进我房间之前, 请先敲门。分析句子结构可知, before引导的是时间状语从句, 其前是主句, 主句中没有出现主语, 说明主句是个祈使句, 应用动词原形knock；而其他三个是非谓语动词形式。10. (2019江苏高考)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _?

9、 A. is there B. isnt there C. is he D. isnt he【解析】选A。考查反意疑问句。句意：他是无辜的, 你的内心对此并不怀疑, 是吗？that he is innocent是doubt的同位语从句, 前面部分为主句。主句中的little为否定词, 反意疑问句应用肯定式, 因此答案为A。11. （2019辽宁高考_ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before. A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether【解析】选B。考查感叹句的引导词。句意：多么稀奇的一种植物！我以前从未见过。根据后面的“！”

10、可知此句为感叹句, 要用what或how来引导。此句构成了“what +a(n) +形容词+可数名词单数的句型, 如用how引导, 则要改为How strange the plant is! 12. （2019陕西高考The basketball coach, as well as his team, _ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance. A. were B. was C. is D. are【解析】选B。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：比赛后不久, 那位篮球教练和他的队员们因为他们的出色表现

11、而受到了采访。根据句意可知事情已经发生, 所以用过去时, 排除C和D两项。主语后接as well as短语作插入语时, 谓语动词形式不受其影响。这里的主语The basketball coach是单数, 所以谓语动词应该用单数, 故B项正确。13. (2019湖南高考)All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health. A. show; are B. shows; areC. show; is D. shows; is【解析】选D。考查主谓一致。句意：所

12、有的科学证据表明在农业生产中越来越多地使用化学物品对我们的健康有害。evidence为不可数名词, 作主语时谓语动词用单数；题干中的第二个空的主语应该是use, 为不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数。故D项正确。【考点归纳】一、倒装（一全部倒装1. 表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语, 如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, on the wall, under the tree等置于句首, 且主语是名词时。2. 代词such放在句首, 且在句中作表语时。Such are the facts; no one can deny them

13、. 这些就是事实；没有人可以否认。3. 为平衡句子结构或使上下文衔接紧密, 常将作表语的形容词、副词、分词或介词短语提到句首, 引起全部倒装。Seated in the first line are some advanced workers. 坐在第一排的是一些资深工人。（二部分倒装1. only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句, 且放在句首时。2. 否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means

14、, on no condition, in no way等置于句首时。3. as/though引导让步状语从句时, 要将表语、状语或谓语动词提到句首；though引导让步状语从句时, 也可用正常语序。4. 九个部分倒装的句型: 二、省略（一不定式的省略1. 不定式作动词expect, refuse, mean, like, love, prefer, wish, hope, want等的宾语时, 常承前省略不定式后的内容, 但保留不定式符号to。2. 当不定式在形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted, anxious等后作状语时, to后的内容常承前省略。（二状语

15、从句的省略1. 在时间、条件、退让、原因等状语从句中, 当从句主语和主句主语一致, 或从句主语是it, 且含有系动词be时, 可以将从句主语和be省略。2. 在if引导的非真实条件状语从句中, 如果从句含有had, should或were时, 可以省略连词if, 同时将这些词置于主语前。三、强调1. 强调句的特殊句式。2. 用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词, 用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中, do还可以用于祈使句。四、其他特殊句式（一祈使句的固定句式1. 祈使句+and+简单句, 表示“假设就”。2. 祈使句+or+简单句, 表示“否则”。（二感叹句的固定句式1. W

16、hat a(an)+单数名词+主语+谓语！2. What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语！3. How+形容词+a(an)+单数名词+主语+谓语！4. How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！（三反意疑问句1. 主从复合句, 与主句的主谓语保持一致。但当陈述部分是I （Wethink /believe/expect / suppose加从句时, 疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。 2. must表示猜测时的反意疑问句: (1)“must be对现在情况进行推测作一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。 (2)“must+完成时用来推测过去的动作强调对现在的影响, 句中没有表示过去时间的状语时按现在

17、完成时的附加疑问句来处理。 如有明确的表过去的时间状语, 按一般过去时处理。3. 陈述部分是祈使句, 疑问尾句用will you；但如果陈述部分是lets开头的祈使句, 疑问尾句用shall we。五、主谓一致1. 由or, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but also. . . 等连接并列主语时, 谓语与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。2. 动名词、不定式或名词从句作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。3. “half/most/part/the rest/分数/百分数+of+名词作主语时, 谓语动词的形式根据

18、名词的形式来确定。4. “单数名词+with, together with, as well as, along with, but, except. . . +其他名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。5. a quantity of/quantities of后既可接复数名词, 也可接不可数名词, 其谓语动词一般取决于quantity的单复数。【易错点1】部分倒装和全部倒装误判1. New technology was used in teaching. As a result, not only _, but students became more interested in the l

19、essons. A. saved was teachers energyB. was teachers energy savedC. teachers energy was savedD. was saved teachers energy【易错分析】本题易误选D, 以为not only. . . but also连接并列分句时用全部倒装。【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：新技术被用于教学, 结果不仅仅是老师省力了, 而且学生对课程也感兴趣了。not only. . . but also. . . 连接两个句子时, 若not only位于句首, 主谓要部分倒装。2. (2019赣州模拟)Whats

20、 all that noise? Just in front of the bus _ an injured man, all covered with blood. A. where lies B. liesC. does lie D. lying is【易错分析】本题易误选C, 以为表示方位的介词短语放在句首应用部分倒装。【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：噪音是怎么回事？就在那辆公交车前躺着一位受伤的人, 浑身是血。表示方位的介词短语置于句首且主语是名词时应该用全部倒装。【思路点拨】(1)解答此类题目的关键是明白倒装的概念并熟练掌握构成倒装的条件。(2)解题时要认真分析题干, 找到标志词或相关

21、信息以选出正确答案。【易错点2】强调句句式不清3. _ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. A. It was we being late B. It was our being lateC. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late【易错分析】本题易误选D, 以为强调的是原因状语从句because we were late。【解析】选B。考查强调句型。句意：我们迟到了导致他上菜比平时晚了一个小时。该强调句型强调句子的主语our being late。4. _ was very _ that little Jim wrote the letter. A. It; careful B. I