高二英语直接引语和间接引语知识精讲(1)

1、高二英语直接引语和间接引语知识精讲北师大版一.本周教学内容：直接引语和间接引语完全按照原句或原段逐字引述,被引述的部分叫做直接引语。间接引语是用引述人的语言把被引述的原话内容转述出来。引述时，原话中的人称代词、物主代词、动词时态以及指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等都要有相应的变化。（一）人称代词和物主代词的转变一般来说，间接引语的主述人是第三者向其他人转述，因此由直接引语变成间接引语时，人称代词和物主代词有下面的转变：直接引语间接引语Ihe/sheMehim/herwetheyusthemyouhe/she/they/him/her/themmyhis/herminehis/hersourthe

2、irourstheirsyourhis/theiryourshis/theirs例如：Hesaid,“Ihavelostmyumbrella.”Hesaidthathehadlosthisumbrella.Shesaid,“Thebookonthetableismine.”Shesaidthebookonthetablewashers.但是，如果引述人不同或具体情况不同，人称代词和物主代词的转变也随之不同。“Iknow,”saidCrawley,“butIlovetohearyousayit.”1. Crawleyansweredthatheknew,buthelovedtohearmesay

3、it.2. I(Crawley)answeredthatIknewbutIlovedtohearhim/hersayit.3. 第三者转述a. 第三者转告其他人Crawleyansweredthatheknewbuthelovedtohearhim/hersayit.b. 第三者提醒听话者Crawleyansweredthatheknewbuthelovedtohearyousayit.c. 第三者复述给说话者You(Crawley)answeredthatyouknew,butyoulovedtohearhim/hersayit.(二)时态的转变1. 主句的时态是过去时，直接引语的谓语动词按

4、照时态一致的原则，在变成间接引语时做如下的变化：直接引语间接引语现在一般时态过去一般时态过去一般时态过去完成时态将来一般时态过去一般将来时态现在进行时态过去进行时态过去进行时态过去完成进行时态将来进行时态过去将来进行时态现在完成时态过去完成时态过去完成时态过去完成时态将来完成时态过去将来完成时态现在完成进行时态过去完成进行时态过去完成进行时态过去完成进行时态将来完成进行时态过去将来完成进行时态例如“Iamafraidthatargumentsdon'tmakeadifference.”saidhewithasmile.Hesaidwithasmilethathewasafraidtha

5、targumentsdidn'tmakeadifference.Sohesaidtome,“Youdon'tknowwhatyouaretalkingabout.”SohesaidtomeIdidn'tknowwhatIwastalkingabout.“Ididnotsupposethatyouhaddoneitonpurpose.”shesaid.Shesaidthatshehadnotsupposedthathehaddoneitonpurpose.“Ihavewonthematchalready.”claimedmyfriend.Myfriendclaimedth

6、athehadwonthematchalready.Isaid，“Ishallbethere.”IsaidIshouldbethere.2. 主句谓语动词虽然是过去时，但在下面情况中间接引语的谓语动词时态不变。a.间接引语陈述的事实不受时间限制，或者表示的是习惯行为。Thestudentsrecited,“TheMississipiisthelongestriverinUS.”ThestudentsrecitedtheMississipiisthelongestriverinUS.MrsSmithsaidtothestudents,“IreadforhalfanhourbeforeIgotob

7、edeverynight.”MrsSmithtoldthestudentsthatshereadsforhalfanhourbeforeshegoestobedeverynight.b.直接引语的谓语动词是一般过去时态，如果带表示确定的过去时间状语或时间状语从句，变成间接引语时，谓语动词可用一般过去时态。Thearticlewrote,“In1801,Napoleon'stroopsinEgyptgaveintotheBritishcommand.”Thearticlewrotein1801,Napoleon'stroopsinEgyptgaveintotheBritishco

8、mmand.“WhenIwasyoungandmademistakes,”shesaid,“theforemanbeatme;whenIgrewup,hedidnotbutfinedme.”Shesaidthatwhenshewasyoungandmademistakes,theforemanbeather;whenshegrewup,hedidnotbutfinedher.三）指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的转变直接引语间接引语thisthesenowthatthosethen/atthatmomentagotodaytomorrowyesterdaybeforethatdaythenextd

9、ay/thefollowingdaythedaybefore/thepreviousdaylastweek/monthnextweek/monthheretheweek/monthbeforethenext/followingweek/monththere例如：Hesaid,“Iwantthisone.”Hesaidhewantedthatone.Shesaid,“Shecan'tsettleanythingnow.”Shesaidthatshecouldn'tsettleanythingthen.Bobsaid,“Somestudentsinvitedmetoteaafewd

10、aysago.”Bobsaidthatsomestudentshadinvitedhimtoteaafewdaysbefore.“Iwillmarryyoutomorrow.”shepromised.Shepromisedthatshewouldmarrymethenextday.“Itoldyouyesterdayandthedaybeforeyesterday.”heshoutedatme.Heshoutedatmethathehadtoldmethedaybeforeandtwodaysbefore.（四）直接引语转变成间接引语时要注意的几个问题1、当直接引语是一般疑问句时，转换成间接引

11、语时使用whether来引导，间接引语的语序要恢复陈述句的语序，同时注意人称代词以及时间和地点状语的转换。例如：Sheasked,“Isyourfatherthemanwhoisinblack?”Sheaskedwhetheryourfatherwasthemanwhowasinblack.Tomasked,“WilltheyhelpmeifIturntothem?”Tomaskedwhethertheywouldhelphimifheturnedtothem.2、当直接引语是特殊疑问句时，仍然使用特殊疑问词来引导，间接引语的语序恢复陈述句的语序，同时注意人称代词以及时间和地点状语的转换。例如

12、：Maryaskedme,“Whenwillyoustartyourpartytonight?”MaryaskedmewhenIwouldstartmypartythisnight.Theywondered,“Whowillbeinchargeofthecompanyifthemanagerquitsoffice?Theywonderedwhowouldbeinchargeofthecompanyifthemanagerquittedoffice.3、当直接引语是祈使句时我们习惯于使用表示命令和请求的动词进行转换。例如：Theysaid,“Don'ttouchthestonebecau

13、seitiseasytofall.”Theytoldmenottotouchthestonebecauseitwaseasytofall.Theyordered,“Everyoneshouldkeepquiet.”Theyorderedeveryonetokeepquiet.Hesaidtome,“Wouldyoupleasehelpmewithmycase?”Heaskedmetohelphimwithhiscase.模拟试题】.将下面的直接引语转换成间接引语。1. “I'ddomaths,Jo,ifIwereyou.”MsJenningsadvised.2. “Takeaphoto

14、ofthebank.”Thejournalistorderedthephotographer.3. “JohnandLaura,dothemoredifficultexercises.”Theteachersaid.4. “Givethevideotoyoursister,please.”Peterasked.5. “Don'ttellyourgrandmotheryet.”Thedoctoradvised.6. “It'saninterestingjob.”Jimsaid.7. “Wherearewegoing?”AskedPeter'sfriend.8. “Irea

15、llycan'tanswerthisquestion.”RepliedMr.Jones.9. Heasked,“Doyouknowwhowillwinthegame?”10. Shewondered,“Whoisitthatsolvedthistoughproblem?”11. Hesaid,“Ididn'tnoticeherwhenshecameintomyroomyesterday.”12. Heclaimed,“IadmitEdisonisoneofthegreatestinventorsintheworld.根据提示完成下面的句子。1. 汤姆问莎莉能否接管这件事情。To

16、maskedSally.2. 我们要确定王东是否编造了这个故事。Wehadtomakesure.3. 会议组织者说由于时间关系就不再详细解释这件事情了。Theorganizerofthemeetingsaid.4. 小李决定尽一切努力赶上班里的其他同学。XiaoLidetermined.5. 老板说：“我们必须准备第二套方案，以防第一套方案失败。”Ourbosssaid.参考答案、1.MsJenningsadvisedthatshe'ddomathsifshewereJo.2.Thejournalistorderedthephotographertotakeaphotooftheban

17、k.3. TheteachertoldJohnandLauratodothemoredifficultexercises.4. Peteraskedmetogivethevideotomysister.5. Thedoctoradvisedusnottotellourgrandmother.6. Jimsaiditwasaninterestingjob.7. Peter'sfriendaskedwheretheyweregoing.8. Mr.Jonesrepliedhereallycouldn'tanswerthatquestion.9. Heaskedif/whetherIknewwhowouldwinthegame.10. Shewonderedwhoitwasthathadsolvedthattoughproblem.11. Hesaidthathedidn'tnoticeherwhenshecameintohisroomthedaybefore.12. HeclaimedthatheadmittedEdisonisoneofthegreatestinventorsintheworld.、1.TomaskedSallyif/whethershecouldtakeovert