动词的形式和分类

1、动词学案7Class:Name:Teaching Aims:To learn the classifications of the verbs.To master their usage through cooperation and exploration.Teaching Procedures:一、动词的分类1 .实义动词实义动词时能独立作谓语的动词。根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语，可以把实义动词分为动词和 动词两种类型。按其持续性可分为 动词和 动词。(1)及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。动词+宾语My brother is(fly)on the playgr

2、ound.动词+宾语+宾补The teacher made his students(happiness) by doing some games.翻译：We call English teacher Zhang Sir.注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有：make, let, see, watch, notice, hear等。动词+双宾语My mother gives me a new bike.注意：有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时，间接宾语前要加to。常用的此类词有 bring、 give、hand、pass、pay、post、return> sell、

3、show、teach、tell、throw、lend 等。Hand me that book, please.=Hand.有些间接宾语(人)放在直接宾语(事物)之后时，间接宾语前要加for。常用的此类词有 buy、choose、cook、draw、book、find、get、make、order 等。My mom bought me a nice backpack.=My mom.(2)不及物动词不及物动词一般不可以接宾语，但是有些不及物动词与一些介词、副词等词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词。请在横线上加上适当的介词！ We arrived the station at fi

4、ve. He turned the light when he left. He takes pride doing a job well.注意：有些动词既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常用的此类动词有 turn、open、close、start、changedrive> play、meet、win、study 等。The girl turned her head and smiled. 这个女孩子转过头笑一笑。She turned and walked back to the classroom.她转过身走回教室。(3)延续性动词live, stay, study, work, kee

5、p, teach 等，可以和时间段连用。延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，如:We have lived in China since 2001.You can keep this book for two weeks.（4）非延续性动词非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，如： buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, leave, come, catch等，不能和时间段连用。如果和时间段连用，就要用其他词代替。He has been here for five days.（arrive）The film has been on f

6、or ten minutes.（begin）常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：1、gobe away2、come-be here3、come back be back4、leave-be away ( be not here)5、buyhave6、borrowkeep7、diebe dead8、begin-be on9、finishbe over10、 openbe open11、closebe closed12、losebe lost13、get toknowknow14、turn onbe on15、get upbe up16、sit downsit/be seated17、joinbe

7、 in ()或be a member18、 becomebe2 .连系动词连系动词也称为系动词，连系动词有一定词义，但不完整，不能单独做谓语，必须和表语连用，构成系表结构，表示主语身份、性质、状态。You are a teacher, but not a good one.We feel very happy when we know it.英语经常用到的连系动词有：（1）状态连系动词：表示主语的状态、性质、身份。（be）My father is very strong.（2）持续连系动词：表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。（stay, remain, keep等）You must keep he

8、althy.（3）表象连系动词：用来表示看起来”的这一概念的词。appear （看起来），seem （看似），look （看起来）。Your mother looks much younger than I thought.感官连系动词：feel （摸起来）,taste （尝起来）,smell （闻起来）,sound （听起来）look （看起来）。 The milk tastes a little sour.（5）转变或结果连系动词：become （变为），get （成为），grow （长得），turn （变得），go （变得）等。 Our village is becoming more

9、and more beautiful.3 .助动词助动词本身没有词意，或者意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语， 帮助动词构成各种时态、语态等及否定、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有：be, do, have, shall, will等。例如：Will you have a sports meeting next week?Is your mother cooking ?Don' t be late for class next time.4 .情态动词情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词连用作谓语，表示说话人的语气和情感。主要的情

10、态动词有：can, may, must, need, would , could, might, dare等。使用情态动词要注意以下方面： 含must的一般疑问句，肯定回答仍用 must,否定回答则用needn'或don' t have t昧示 不必”。 一般不能用 mustn't因为mustn'表示 不可以、禁止”，语气很强。 Must I finish my homework now?-No, you needn ' t.may开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 may,否定回答用 mustn't-May I smoke here?-No, you

11、 mustn ' t.(3)表示可能性或推测时，can多用于否定句或疑问句，can't表示 不可能“；may多用于陈述句，maynot表示 何能不"；must只用于肯定句，表示 乙定、准是You may be right or may not be right.The news can ' t be true.She must be angry.(4) need用作情态动词主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句，表示需要”，也可以作实义动词，后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词 -ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用 must。You needn ' t

12、 come if you are busy. Need I come tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗？No, you needn ' t. / Yes, you must.没必要。/ 是的，你必须来。He needs to get some sleep.他需要睡一会。(5) have to的意思接近 must,但是must强调说话者的主观意愿。have to强调客观上的必要性，常译成 不得不o have to可以用于多种时态，其疑问句、否定句都要借助do构成。Do you have to leave now? 你现在必须走了 吗？You don' t have to get

13、 up early.你没有必要早起。(6) be able to表示具体的能力，与 can用法相近，can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，be able to可用更多的时态。was / were able to侧重有能力而且成功地做成了某事，而 could只表示过去具备某种能 力。The math problem was hard but I was able to work it out. 这道数学题很难，但我做出来了。二、动词的形式1 .动词原形动词原形就是词典中出现的动词原来的形式。例如：be (是)，work (工作)，study (学习)，write(写)等。动词原形用法很多，经常在中考

14、考查的用法有：(1)在一般现在时中主语不是第三人称单数形式，其谓语动词接动词原形。例如：We often watch TV at home after supper.(2)感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾语补足语。例如：Your words make me feel angry.(3)在祈使句的开头用动词原形。例如：Come and buy your books at our book shop.(4)在情态动词和 do、will、would等助动词后用动词原形。例如：Can you swim across this river in an hour?Did everybody want t

15、o go there last Monday?(5)常见的后面用动词原形的结构：Why not do sth.? = Why don 't you do sth.?had better do sth.Let sb. do sth.help sb. do sth.Why not go_there on foot?You' d betternish your homework before supper.Let，pfeay volleyball after school !2 .第三人称单数形式动词的第三人称单数形式就是句子的主语是第三人称单数形式，并且谓语是一般现在时，谓语动词应

16、该用第三人称单数形式。例如：My sister often watches TV with us at home.动词的第三人称单数形式的构成：(1) 一般情况下在动词后加字母so例如：work works write writes take takes(2)以字母s, x, ch, sh结尾或以字母o结尾的动词加-es。例如：watch watchespass passescatch catchesdo doesgo goes(3)以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，先把字母y变为i再加-es。例如：carry carries try tries3 .现在分词动词的现在分词形式由动词原形+ing构成

17、，一般和be动词连用构成现在进行时、过去进行时或用作非谓语动词。例如:The girl is studying English at home now.I saw a boy lying on the ground.现在分词的构成：(1) 一般情况下直接加-ingobuy buying drink drinking find finding(2)以不发音的字母一e结尾的动词，去掉字母e加-ing。take taking come coming become becoming(3)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ingosit sitting stop

18、stopping begin beginning forget forgetting(4)部分以ie结尾的单音节动词，先把 ie变为y,然后加ing。例如：die dying tie tying lie lying4 .过去式和过去分词动词的过去式主要用来构成一般过去时；过去分词是用来构成现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语 态的，也可用作非谓语动词。规则动词的过去式和过去分词变化如下：(1) 一般情况下直接加-edo例如：work worked worked help helped helped(2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词，直接加字母-d。例如：live lived lived like lik

19、ed liked(3)以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词，先把字母 y变为i,再加-ed。例如：carry carried carried study studied studied try tried tried(4)以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写此辅音字母，然后加 -edo例如：permit permitted permittedprefer preferred preferred不规则的变化参见课本最后一页不规则动词表。可以攻玉一经典例题一、改错1. The sun raises in the east and sets down in the west.2. That kind

20、 of cakes is tasted very well.3. My little brother will can go to school next year.4. Look at that tall man. He maybe our new teacher.5. The little boy do his homework with his students in the classroom.6. My mother doesn ' tenf carries some water for us.7. There are a lot of people work on the

21、hill.8. Why not coming here and watch TV with me?9. My brother said that he had already went to Beijing.10. It is said that the movie was wrote by his mother.高分秘籍一过手训练1. Look! The rain. Let s go and play together.A. stopB. reachC. stopsD. reaches2. 一 Do you know that piece of music by your teacher?R

22、eally? That's wonderful.A. is talkedB. is writtenC. seemsD. writes3. Look! The students a book under the tree.A. readingB. are readingC. lookingD. are looking4. His father often him cry when he was young.A. lookedB. feltC. worriedD. made5. When he heard the facts, his face red.A. knowsB. turnsC.

23、 fliesD. takes6. I saw a bag on the floor when I was on my way to school.A. lying B. lays C. lies D. laid7. The boy his hands again and wanted to ask a question.A. rises B. raised C. raises D. rose8. 一 Must I finish reading the book today?- No. You if you have something else to do.A. mustn'tB. c

24、ouldn't C. can't D. don't have to9. The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers halfway.A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stopped10. My mother often tells me this kind of milk a little sweet.A. looks B. tastes C. turnsD. feels11. 一 I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she

25、 would go there.- No, she be there. I ve just been there.A. can' t B. mustn'tC. needn'tD. wouldn 't12. 一 you seen the movie Gone with the Wind? No, never.A. Do B. Can C. Have D. Has13. TV until you finish your homework.A. Don't watch B. Not watch C. Aren't watch D. Didn't watch14. you have a sports meeting next month?A. Do B. Will C. Are D. Can15. Kelly cooked dinner her parents while they were cleaning the yard.A. withB. forC. toD. instead16. It will you about thirteen hours to fly to England from Hong Kong.A. spend B. take C. use D. pa